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Query: KEGG:D04412 (Lugol)
 396 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cervical cancer is the main cancer among women in sub-Saharan Africa, India and other parts of the developing world. Evaluation of screening performance of effective, feasible and affordable early detection and management methods is a public health priority. Five screening methods, naked eye visual inspection of the cervix uteri after application of diluted acetic acid (VIA), or Lugol's iodine (VILI) or with a magnifying device (VIAM), the Pap smear and human papillomavirus testing with the high-risk probe of the Hybrid Capture-2 assay (HC2), were evaluated in 11 studies in India and Africa. More than 58,000 women, aged 25-64 years, were tested with 2-5 screening tests and outcome verification was done on all women independent of the screen test results. The outcome was presence or absence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) of different degrees or invasive cervical cancer. Verification was based on colposcopy and histological interpretation of colposcopy-directed biopsies. Negative colposcopy was accepted as a truly negative outcome. VIA showed a sensitivity of 79% (95% CI 73-85%) and 83% (95% CI 77-89%), and a specificity of 85% (95% CI 81-89%) and 84% (95% CI 80-88%) for the outcomes CIN2+ or CIN3+, respectively. VILI was on average 10% more sensitive and equally specific. VIAM showed similar results as VIA. The Pap smear showed lowest sensitivity, even at the lowest cutoff of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (57%; 95% CI 38-76%) for CIN2+ but the specificity was rather high (93%; 95% CI 89-97%). The HC2-assay showed a sensitivity for CIN2+ of 62% (95% CI 56-68%) and a specificity of 94% (95% CI 92-95%). Substantial interstudy variation was observed in the accuracy of the visual screening methods. Accuracy of visual methods and cytology increased over time, whereas performance of HC2 was constant. Results of visual tests and colposcopy were highly correlated. This study was the largest ever done that evaluates the cross-sectional accuracy of screening tests for cervical cancer precursors in developing countries. The merit of the study was that all screened subjects were submitted to confirmatory investigations avoiding to verification bias. A major finding was the consistently higher sensitivity but equal specificity of VILI compared with VIA. Nevertheless, some caution is warranted in the interpretation of observed accuracy measures, since a certain degree of gold standard misclassification cannot be excluded. Because of the correlation between visual screening tests and colposcopy and a certain degree of over-diagnosis of apparent CIN2+ by study pathologists, it is possible that both sensitivity and specificity of VIA and VILI were overestimated. Gold standard verification error could also explain the surprisingly low sensitivity of HC2, which contrasts with findings from other studies.
Int J Cancer 2008 Jul 01
PMID:Pooled analysis of the accuracy of five cervical cancer screening tests assessed in eleven studies in Africa and India. 1840 71

The protective effects of iodine on breast cancer have been postulated from epidemiologic evidence and described in animal models. The molecular mechanisms responsible have not been identified but laboratory evidence suggests that iodine may inhibit cancer promotion through modulation of the estrogen pathway. To elucidate the role of iodine in breast cancer, the effect of Lugol's iodine solution (5% I(2), 10% KI) on gene expression was analyzed in the estrogen responsive MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Microarray analysis identified 29 genes that were up-regulated and 14 genes that were down-regulated in response to iodine/iodide treatment. The altered genes included several involved in hormone metabolism as well as genes involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression, growth and differentiation. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the array data demonstrating that iodine/iodide treatment increased the mRNA levels of several genes involved in estrogen metabolism (CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and AKR1C1) while decreasing the levels of the estrogen responsive genes TFF1 and WISP2. This report presents the results of the first gene array profiling of the response of a breast cancer cell line to iodine treatment. In addition to elucidating our understanding of the effects of iodine/iodide on breast cancer, this work suggests that iodine/iodide may be useful as an adjuvant therapy in the pharmacologic manipulation of the estrogen pathway in women with breast cancer.
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PMID:Iodine alters gene expression in the MCF7 breast cancer cell line: evidence for an anti-estrogen effect of iodine. 1864 7

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Microsporidium among patients given a diagnosis of cancer. For this purpose fecal samples from 320 patients aged 23.60+/-23.00 years were examined using native-Lugol and sedimentation methods and evaluated with modified trichrome, trichrome, and calcofluor dyes. Moreover a control group of 320 non-cancer patients was set up. While 10.9% of the patient group was found to have Microsporidium, only 5.6% of the control group did. Comparison between the control and patient groups in terms of presence of Microsporidium revealed a statistically significant difference. The analysis of a possible relation between intestinal parasites and the presence of Microsporidium revealed a statistically significant correlation between Microsporidium and Blastocystis hominis (P < 0.05). The frequencies of intestinal parasites in the control group and the patient group were found to be 17.8% and 18.1%, respectively. From the findings it was concluded that presence of intestinal parasites and Microsporidium in cancer patients can cause critical problems and adversely affect the therapy. Moreover it was suggested that cancer patients should be informed about regular feces examination and protection against parasites in order to improve their life standards and protect them against parasite infections during treatment.
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PMID:[The prevalence of Microsporidium among patients given a diagnosis of cancer]. 1864 38

To identify precursor lesions of cancer cervix and early cancer cervix in married women with primary complaint of leucorrhoea in a tertiary referral centre with reference to effectiveness of screening methods, 100 successive women attending colposcopy clinic with primary complaints of leucorrhoea were selected . All women had speculum examination, Pap smear, vaginal pH, Whiff test, visual inspection of cervix after application of acetic acid (VIA), visual inspection of cervix after application of Lugol's iodine (VIL), colposcopy done. Biopsy was taken when indicated. A total of 63 women were referred. There were 93 menstruating women. The mean age was 34.5 years. Whiff test was positive in 6 women. Downstaging showed 74 women with abnormal cervix. VIA was postive in 44 women and VIL in 53 women. The sensitivity and specificity of VIA was 77.7% and 75%, and that of VIL was 69% and 57% respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of VIA was 76%,VIL was 63%. Pap smear showed 87% accuracy. The correlation between colposcopy and histopathological examination was 93-98%. Precursor cancer cervical lesions, were found in 27% of women. Referral women with cancer precursor lesions formed the largest group of 24% (n=24) of total women. Early carcinoma cervix was detected in 3% (n=3) of which one woman was referred. The burden of carcinoma cervix in India can be brought down by screening camps and early referral.
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PMID:A study of cervical cancer screening for prevention of carcinoma cervix. 1937 Sep 47

We performed a photodynamic therapy for local recurrence after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. The patient was a 60s man, who presented dysphasia. Esophagoscopy, CT and FDG-PET revealed an advanced esophageal cancer with mediastinal lymph node metastasis. He rejected a surgical treatment and underwent chemoradiotherapy, then achieved CR once. Subsequent FDG-PET, however, showed slightly FDG uptake at primary focus of the esophagus. Endoscopic biopsy specimen from Lugol's unstained lesion of the esophagus revealed squamous cell carcinoma, and he was diagnosed as a recurrence of the esophageal cancer. He underwent chemotherapy again, but the recurrent lesion enlarged. Because the control of the metastatic lesion was excellent and the recurrent lesion was considered as a superficial cancer, he was performed photodynamic therapy. Two months after photodynamic therapy, the esophagoscopy and FDG-PET showed no findings of the recurrence of the esophageal cancer. It was suggested that photodynamic therapy for local recurrence after definitive chemotherapy for esophageal cancer was effective and relatively safe.
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PMID:[A case of effective photodynamic therapy for local recurrence after definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer]. 2003 21

Both cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking are well-established risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and the relationship of dose to cancer risk has already been described. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of these two factors has been reported. Our case-control study revealed the odds ratio of ESCC to be 50.1 for those who were both heavy smokers and heavy drinkers in comparison to people who neither drank nor smoked. In patients with ESCC, head and neck cancers as well as dysplastic lesions are frequently observed. Heavy smoking and heavy drinking are closely related to such multicentric carcinogenesis events in the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), including the esophagus and head andneck region. Polymorphisms in acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) are reported to be a key event in deciding individual susceptibility to UADT cancer. Patients with inactive ALDH2, in whom facial flushing is usually observed after the drinking of alcohol, are at high risk for ESCC as well as multiple UADT cancers. For the early detection of the disease, effective follow up using endoscopy with Lugol staining or narrow band imaging endoscopy is strongly recommended for high-risk populations, such as smokers, heavy drinkers, people with experience of flushing after the drinking of alcohol, and patients with UADT cancer.
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PMID:Alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, and the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: epidemiology, clinical findings, and prevention. 2022 84

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is often surrounded by epithelial dysplasia; leaving it unresected can result in local recurrence. Staining with Lugol's iodine solution detects epithelial dysplasia in oral mucosa, but whether it decreases local recurrence after OSCC surgery is unknown. This study investigated local recurrence rates in patients with early tongue cancer who underwent surgery using Lugol's staining. 93 patients with T1-2N0 tongue SCC underwent partial glossectomy using Lugol's staining during surgery. Resection was performed at least 5mm from the margin of the unstained area. Patients were investigated retrospectively for local recurrence status. Postoperative histology revealed negative surgical margins for SCC or epithelial dysplasia in 81 patients, close margins for SCC in 5, positive margins for mild epithelial dysplasia in 6, and a positive margin for SCC in one. Those with a positive or a close margin for SCC underwent additional resection 2-4 weeks after surgery; one was proved histologically to have residual SCC. No patients developed local recurrence, but 2 died of neck metastasis and 2 of distant metastasis. The 5-year disease specific survival rate was 93.8%. Lugol's staining during surgery can reduce local recurrence and improve survival in patients with early tongue SCC.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of Lugol's iodine staining in the treatment of stage I-II squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. 2133 51

This paper discusses a method to objectively analyze the severity of cancer in images obtained from cervix. We propose a novel method to identify the transformation zone in post Lugol's iodine images and acetic acid images that are obtained from the cervix to grade the severity of cancer. We segment the Lugol's iodine image to identify the abnormal tissues and map them to acetic acid images to accurately identify the abnormal tissues in post acetic acid images as well. This information is further used to obtain an opacity difference score that could be used for grading the cancer.
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PMID:Automated analysis of cervix images to grade the severity of cancer. 2225 79

The high burden of cervical cancer and inadequate/suboptimal cytology screening in developing countries led to the evaluation of visual screening tests, like visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and Lugol's iodine (VILI). We describe the performance of VIA, VILI and cytology, carried out in a multinational project called "Screening Technologies to Advance Rapid Testing" in 5,519 women aged 30-49 years, in detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). VIA, VILI and cytology were positive in 16.9%, 15.6% and 6.1% women, respectively. We found 57 cases of CIN2, 55 of CIN3 and 12 of cervical cancer; 90% of CIN3 and 43% CIN2 cases were positive for p16 overexpression and high-risk HPV infection, indicating a high validity of histological diagnosis. The sensitivity of VIA, VILI and cytology to detect high-grade CIN were 64.5%, 64.5% and 67.7%, respectively; specificities were 84.2%, 85.5% and 95.4%. A high proportion of p16 positive CIN 3 (93.8%) and 2 (76.9%) were positive on cytology compared with visual tests (68.8% and 53.8%, respectively) indicating a higher sensitivity of cytology to detect p16 positive high-grade CIN. However, the immediate availability of the results from the visual tests permits diagnosis and/or treatment to be performed in the same sitting, which can potentially reduce loss to follow-up when women must be recalled following positive cytology. Organizing visual screening services in low-resource countries may facilitate the gradual building of an infrastructure committed to screening allowing the eventual introduction of more sensitive, highly objective, reproducible and affordable human papillomavirus screening tests in future.
Int J Cancer 2012 Sep 15
PMID:Accuracy of concurrent visual and cytology screening in detecting cervical cancer precursors in rural India. 2258 70

Cervical cancer remains the most common fatal cancer in Indian women. The primary underlying cause of cervical cancer is persistent infection with human papilloma virus (HPV); HPV 16 and 18 account for nearly 70% of all cervical cancers worldwide. Cytology-based cervical screening programs have been very effective, but require establishing an infrastructure and quality control mechanisms, which can be a challenge. Cervical screening by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI) are acceptable alternatives for low-resource settings. Primary screening for cervical cancer with HPV testing is attractive but cost could be the limiting factor. A less expensive HPV test holds promise.
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PMID:Screening for cervical cancer and human papilloma virus: Indian context. 2272 99


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