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Query: KEGG:D04296 (Asthma)
 25,733 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Asthma is one of the most common aetiologies of chronic cough. In a subgroup of asthmatics, cough may be the predominant or sole symptom. This condition is referred to as cough variant asthma (CVA). The diagnosis of CVA often presents a challenge since physical examination and spirometric tests may be normal. Up to 50% of patients with CVA have associated eosinophilic bronchitis, with the degree of eosinophilia being similar to that of other asthmatics. Demonstration of bronchial hyperresponsiveness by methacholine inhalation challenge, elevated level of exhaled nitric oxide and sputum eosinophilia support the presence of CVA, but the diagnosis is confirmed only upon resolution of the cough with specific antiinflammatory treatment.
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PMID:[Syndrom Corrao--cough variant asthma]. 1764 48

Analysis of ambient air quality data monitored at Colombo Fort monitoring unit clearly revealed that PM(10) is the dominant air pollutant in the Colombo atmosphere. Further investigation showed that PM(10) has strong associations with three types of respiratory illnesses, especially among children. Among these associations, the disease category which includes bronchitis, emphysema and other chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases showed a prominent association with a correlation coefficient of 0.717 at 99% confidence. In addition, an application of health impact assessment software developed by WHO revealed that nearly 20% of Asthma patients recorded at LRH (the Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children) in 2005 could be attributed to exposure to PM(10) in Colombo. It was observed that nearly 60% of the respiratory cases occurred at reasonably lower concentrations (below 80 microgm(-3)) thus, future management plans aiming toward positive health impacts should focus on shifting the entire PM(10) pollution distribution towards lower ends.
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PMID:Ambient PM(10) and respiratory illnesses in Colombo City, Sri Lanka. 1856 21

Our objective was to characterize the association between body mass index (BMI) and childhood asthma while adjusting for individual and neighborhood socioeconomic factors. Data were obtained from 3,804 students 10 to 11 years of age in Nova Scotia, Canada. Asthma was defined as parent-reported doctor-diagnosed asthma or bronchitis. Smoothed curves suggested a linear association between BMI and asthma with a 6 % increase in prevalence per unit increase of BMI. This association was independent of allergies, sex, and socioeconomic factors. Girls from socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods were less likely to be asthmatic as were boys from well-educated and wealthy families.
J Asthma 2008 Aug
PMID:Body mass index and childhood asthma: a linear association? 1861 99

Chronic cough in children is among the problems that lead to frequent consultations with a doctor. In this study, we attempted to research the reasons for chronic cough by an evaluation method using the guidelines that were suggested for children by the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) in 2006. We studied 108 children between 6 and 14 years of age who had a cough that lasted for > 4 weeks. The patients were reevaluated during the second to fourth weeks, and until either the cough terminated or resolved. Twenty-five percent of the patients received diagnoses of asthma and asthma-like symptoms, 23.4% received diagnoses of protracted bronchitis, 20.3% received diagnoses of upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), and 4.6% received diagnoses of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Asthma and asthma-like symptoms, protracted bronchitis, and UACS were detected in order of frequency as the reason for chronic cough in children. We concluded that the 2006 ACCP guidelines for the management of chronic cough in children are effective and can be successfully utilized in a nonaffluent study setting.
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PMID:Evaluation of chronic cough in children. 1905 51

We examined potential associations of ever asthma, and symptoms of wheeze (past 12 months), hay fever, eczema and bronchitis (cough with phlegm) among school children exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) in cars, using a modified Irish International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) protocol. 2,809 children of 13-14 yrs old and who selected randomly from post-primary schools throughout Ireland completed the 2007 ISAAC self-administered questionnaire. Adjusted OR (adjusted for sex, active smoking status of children interviewed and their SHS exposure at home) were estimated for the associations studied, using multivariable logistic regression techniques. Overall, 14.8% (13.9% in young males, 15.4% in young females) of Irish children aged 13-14 yrs old were exposed to SHS in cars. Although there was a tendency towards increased likelihood of both respiratory and allergic symptoms with SHS exposure in cars, wheeze and hay fever symptoms were significantly higher (adjusted OR 1.35 (95% CI 1.08-1.70) and 1.30 (1.01-1.67), respectively), while bronchitis symptoms and asthma were not significant (1.33 (0.92-1.95) and 1.07 (0.81-1.42), respectively). Approximately one in seven Irish schoolchildren are exposed to SHS in cars and could have adverse respiratory health effects. Further studies are imperative to explore such associations across different population settings.
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PMID:Second-hand smoke exposure in cars and respiratory health effects in children. 1935 46

Asthma prevalence has increased worldwide; although less so in developed countries recently. This study assessed changes in the prevalence of asthma and related symptoms in the Busselton community since 1966. Cross-sectional respiratory health surveys of Busselton adults were conducted in 1966, 1969, 1972, 1975, 1981, 1990 and 2005-2007. Logistic regression models were used to estimate prevalence rates of asthma, respiratory symptoms, smoking, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and atopy and to make comparisons in 2005-2007 and previous survey years. Asthma was defined as ever having doctor-diagnosed asthma (DDA). The prevalence of DDA was around 6% from 1966 to 1975, 8% in 1981 and rose to 19% in 2005-2007. From 1981 to 2005-2007, smoking prevalence declined and obesity and atopy increased but changes in these variables explained only a small part of the increase in DDA. Wheeze and cough/phlegm increased but AHR, breathlessness and doctor-diagnosed bronchitis remained relatively stable over the same period. These observations indicate that the increase in DDA is partly explained by increased symptoms and atopy. The lack of changes in AHR and doctor-diagnosed bronchitis suggests that factors such as diagnostic transfer and increased awareness of asthma have also contributed to the rise in prevalence of DDA.
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PMID:Changes in the prevalence of asthma in adults since 1966: the Busselton health study. 1964 35

Here we present the case of a 5-year-old boy who experienced a prehospital cardiac arrest after a period of wheezing, upper respiratory tract infection, and diarrhea. After successful resuscitation, ventilation was initially extremely difficult for no obvious reason. Various bronchodilatatory therapies were started with only limited result. Diagnosis of plastic bronchitis was made after bronchoscopy and at autopsy when therapy was withdrawn in view of the absence of cerebral circulation. A thickened basal membrane, a specific hallmark of asthma, was also present. Cardiac arrest in plastic bronchitis due to inflammatory and allergic disease is very rare. Pathological examination of the cast showed a mucinous cast with neutrophilic granulocytes, which is also seldom seen. This case illustrates that the diagnosis of plastic bronchitis can be extremely difficult if only minor respiratory symptoms occur. This resulted in a delayed diagnosis and fatal outcome.
J Asthma 2009 Aug
PMID:Plastic bronchitis in a 5-year-old boy causing asystoly and fatal outcome. 1965 99

Asthma and nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis are among the most common causes of chronic cough, accounting for about 25 and 10% of cases, respectively. Chronic cough due to asthma may present in isolation in which case it is known as cough-variant asthma. Nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis is characterized by the presence of eosinophilic airway inflammation in the absence of variable airflow obstruction or airway hyperresponsiveness. Both conditions share many immunopathological features with the exceptions to date of mast cell infiltration into the airway smooth muscle, increased IL-13 expression, and narrowing and thickening of the airway wall, which are features reserved to asthma. In most cases the trigger that causes the cough is uncertain. However, removal of potential triggers is important to consider, in particular with respect to occupational exposure to known sensitisers. In both conditions there is subjective and objective improvement following treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, which is associated with the presence of an airway eosinophilia. Whether eosinophilic inflammation is the cause of cough or an epiphenomenon is uncertain, but the failure of anti-IL-5 to modify cough in asthma has questioned a causal association. In asthma, beta-agonist theophylline, leukotriene receptor antagonist, and oral corticosteroid therapy improve cough. In noneosinophilic bronchitis, some patients require oral corticosteroids but the benefit of other additional therapies is unknown. In general, response to therapy in both conditions is very good and the limited long-term data available suggest that both usually have a benign course, although in some cases persistent airflow obstruction may occur.
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PMID:Cough due to asthma and nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis. 1966 8

The Third Jack Pepys Workshop on Asthma in the Workplace held in Montreal, Canada in May 2007 focused on emerging data, including progress over the previous three years touching on questions identified at a previous Workshop (2004). The format, based on that used in previous workshops, consisted primarily of short, thematic, structured slide presentations followed by extensive, open-ended discussion periods. The key summary content of the workshops discussions has been distilled for this account. (Expanded details of the prepared presentations in PowerPoint format can be found at: www.asthma-workplace.com.) The topics reflect an expanded scope of interest including consideration of: (1) work-related asthma (WRA), subsuming both occupational asthma (OA) and work-exacerbated asthma (WEA); although the latter condition is commoner than OA, discussion mainly focused on OA because the corpus of scientific literature is larger; (2) other related occupational airway pathologic processes, beyond WRA, including rhinitis and eosinophilic bronchitis, with focus on various methods that improve objective confirmation of these conditions; (3) the psycho-socioeconomic impact of WRA with presentation of questionnaires that assess disability due to OA; (4) development of a world-wide perspective on work-related airway disease, including the situation in countries with emerging economies where the frequency of WRA is likely similar to or even greater than that in developed countries. The overarching conclusion was that WRA and related airway conditions are underrecognized and underdiagnosed both in developed and developing countries, with a great many aspects related to personal and environmental risk, exposure, mechanisms, and assessment of impairment/disability remaining to explore to better inform primary, secondary, and tertiary disease prevention.
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PMID:An official ATS proceedings: asthma in the workplace: the Third Jack Pepys Workshop on Asthma in the Workplace: answered and unanswered questions. 1967 44

Asthma is a frequent chronic inflammatory disease which is often mistaken for simple bronchitis. The diagnosis is based on the association of symptoms and excessive airway calibre variability. When symptoms are present more than once a week, it is recommended to give low dose inhaled corticoids as a maintenance treatment together with, as needed, rapid acting beta2 agonist. In addition it is crucial to provide the patient with an education on the disease to reinforce adherence to the treatment.
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PMID:[When asthma starts]. 1994 19


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