Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D04296 (Asthma)
 25,733 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Triiodothyronine (T3) administration to patients suffering from chronic bronchial asthma or patients suffering from nasopharyngeal allergy was reported to ameliorate the attacks. Twelve patients aged less than 35 years suffering from chronic bronchial asthma for more than 5 years, who were maintained on usual anti-asthmatic drugs with the exception of steroids and chromoglycate and who were not the subject of repeated attacks of bronchitis were chosen for the study. Each patient was given T3 orally as 40 micron/day divided into two doses, for a period of 60 days. The drug increased the peak flow in all cases. The increase averaged 24.6% +/- 8.48 (P less than 0.001). Three cases reported marked improvement and four were able to reduce the dose of anti-asthmatic drugs. There was no significant change in the pulse rate, ECG, body weight, blood pressure, or appetite. One patient complained of insomnia and another of increased anxiety. It is possible that T3 exerts its beneficial effect through correcting the level of C-AMP, which is known to be low in asthmatics, through improvement of body mechanism for antibody formation, or through other unidentified mechanisms.
J Asthma Res 1977 Apr
PMID:Effect of triiodothyronine on bronchial asthma. II. 90 44

This study has been compiled from the hospital records of 926 patients with chronic non-specific respiratory disease, i.e. asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The aims of the study were to ascertain the role of age, allergy, family history, cigarette smoking, social class and occupation in the genesis of these diseases, and to investigate aggravating factors and the morbidity associated with these diseases. Asthma was found to occur in the younger age groups, allergy and family history being the outstanding aetiological factors in this disease. In chronic bronchitis the age factor is not decisive, and the influence of allergy, family history and the smoking of cigarettes is evenly distributed. Emphysema occurs mainly in later life, although 2 cases of younger onset with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency were noted. In this disease, allergy and family history appear to be of lesser aetiological importance than the smoking of cigarettes. The majority of patients in all diagnostic categories fell into social group III (skilled workers) and most did work not associated with dust. In each diagnostic category, a certain number of patients were found in whom the factors of allergy, family history, cigarette smoking and general atmospheric pollution did not play a part. In these patients the possible role of the microclimate at the place of work is emphasised and warrants further study. The high prevalence, especially of asthma and chronic bronchitis, among housewives is stressed. Aggravating factors, i.e. humidity, irritating substances, temperature variations, dust, and type and locality of work, are shown to influence the symptomatology of asthma, bronchitis and emphysema. These diseases have a high associated morbidity, resulting in the loss of working days and in early retirement for the sufferers.
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PMID:[Chronic non-specific respiratory disease with reference to 926 cases]. 114 76

The frequency of asthma in 10 971 school-children between the ages of 5 and 14 years was reported by their parents to be 3-8%. Of these, 20-7% were said to have had bronchitis, 5-9% pneumonia, and 4-7% eczema. Asthma was reported more commonly in boys than girls and was greatest in children of social classes I and II. One-third of the children were reported to have their first attack before the age of 2 years. Few (18%) first attacks started after the age of 5 years. There was no evidence that bronchitis predisposed to the later development of asthma, or vice versa. Within each age-sex group children with a history of asthma had lower peak expiratory flow rates than children who gave no such history. These diffences in PEFR were greater than for children with a history of bronchitis.
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PMID:Asthma in schoolchildren. Demographic associations and peak expiratory flow rates compared in children with bronchitis. 122 Aug 34

The prevalence of chronic conditions and illnesses which cause disability in Israeli Jewish children age 7 who were born in 1975 was studied on the basis of a national sample (n=7739). 80 medical conditions which cause disability were defined and the study showed a total disability rate of 17.5%, higher than that reported on a similar national sample of 3 year olds (prevalence=6.9%). The % of disabilities among very low birth weight children and those with family problems was 4 times greater than among the total population. Mild retardation and undefined learning problems were more prevalent among children of mothers with low educational level and among children whose birth order was 4th or greater. Asthma and spastic bronchitis were more prevalent among children whose mothers were of European/American origin (p0.05). Behavior and mental disorders, learning problems, and speech and language disorders were more prevalent among male children. 2/3 of the children with a diagnosed problem also had at least 1 functional disability. There were somewhat more children from lower social classes in the special education schools than there were in the national sample. Increased prevalence of disabilities among children of very low birth weight, low maternal educational level, high birth order, those from families whose origin is Asian/African, and those from families with intrafamilial problems define those children who are at risk for disabilities and for placement in special education schools.
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PMID:Prevalence of disabilities in a national sample of 7-year-old Israeli children. 138 17

Asthma is a type of chronic desquamative bronchitis and, so far, the role of the bronchial epithelium in this disease has not been fully assessed. There are at least 3 ways by which bronchial epithelial cells may modulate the pathophysiology of asthma: 1. They are resident cells, capable of liberating pro-inflammatory mediators, which may be chemotactic for other cells such as neutrophils and eosinophils. 2. An asthmatic attack results in desquamation of the bronchial epithelium which may have multiple consequences. 3. A repair phase must follow the desquamation although the precise mechanisms underlying this phase are incompletely understood. The level of reparation is likely to play an important role in the prognosis of the disease.
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PMID:[Bronchial epithelium and asthma]. 142 71

A retrospective study using ambient ozone, temperature, and other environmental variables and their effect on the frequency of hospital visits for asthma was conducted in New Jersey, an area that often exceeds the allowable national standard for ozone. Data on emergency department visits for asthma, bronchitis, and finger wounds (a nonrespiratory control) were analyzed for the period May through August for 1988 and 1989. Asthma visits were correlated with temperature while the correlation between asthma visits and ozone concentration was nonsignificant. However, when temperature was controlled for in a multiple regression analysis, a highly significant relationship between asthma visits and ozone concentration was identified. Between 13 and 15% of the variability of the asthma visits was explained in the regression model by temperature and ambient ozone levels. This association, when compared to similar studies in Canada, shows the contribution of ozone to asthma admissions to be stronger in areas with higher ozone concentrations. Thus, among regions with periodic accumulations of ozone in the ambient atmosphere, an exposure-response relationship may be discernible. This supports the need to attain air quality standards for ozone to protect individuals in the general population from the adverse health effects caused by ambient ozone exposure.
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PMID:The effect of ozone associated with summertime photochemical smog on the frequency of asthma visits to hospital emergency departments. 151 72

This article examines the hypothesis that children with long-term (continuing) asthma attacks are more likely to suffer from allergy-related conditions such as eczema and hayfever than are children who suffer for only a short period of time. The analyses were based on a large British national cohort of children who were studied from birth to 16 years of age. The findings provide evidence in support of the "allergic" model since those with short duration asthma report less eczema, hayfever, and sneezing than do those with long-standing asthma. Short-term asthmatics also report fewer occurrences of bronchitis, pneumonia, and chest infections than those with continuing asthma. These differences suggest that there are underlying etiological differences in children suffering from short- and long-term asthma.
J Asthma 1992
PMID:Predicting the duration of childhood asthma. 154 83

Each year in France, 42,000 children receive spa therapy, which is covered by the national health care insurance system. In over three cases out of four, the treatment is ordered by the child's physician for respiratory tract disease which fails to respond adequately to conventional therapy. Asthma, recurrent bronchitis, and spasmodic cough are the main indications in pneumo-allergology; seromucous otitis media, naso-sinusitis and refractory pharyngitis are the most common pediatric ENT diseases treated in spa centers. The two main types of mineral water used are sulfur-rich waters in patients with prominent infection and chloride and bicarbonate-rich waters when allergy is the main problem. Experimental studies point to the fact that these waters have immunomodulating effects. However, other therapeutic interventions in spa centers, including rehabilitation and health education, also play a role. Evaluations of spa therapy for respiratory tract diseases carried out by government agencies have demonstrated decreases in school absenteeism and above all in the use of drugs in treated patients. The future of pediatric spa therapy will likely depend on the development of preventive interventions in spa centers.
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PMID:[Spa treatment in pediatric pneumo-allergology and ENT]. 161 45

In the Munich Survey on Asthma and Allergy the parents of 9,349 fourth-class schoolchildren (mean age 9.8 years) in Munich and Southern Bavaria were addressed by a questionnaire to which 8,204 responded (87%). In 7,192 children (76%) a skin prick test was performed and 7,284 (77%) had pulmonary function tests with maximum expiratory flow-volume loops before and after cold air challenge. Of the 6,083 children of German nationality, 160 children (2.6%) had physician-diagnosed asthma, 79 (1.3%) so called asthmoid bronchitis and 373 children (6.1%) spastic bronchitis. Since physician-diagnosed diseases does not reflect all children with respiratory disease, symptoms reported in the questionnaire, results of skin prick and pulmonary function tests were combined to a score of probable asthma (VSA) with 9 items. Of the group with physician-diagnosed asthma, 79.4% of the children (127) have an elevated VSA, of 68.4% (54) of asthmoid bronchitis, 35.9% (134) of spastic bronchitis, 11.4% (192) of simple bronchitis and 3% of (114) never-diagnosed bronchial disease. The cumulative prevalence of asthma in ten-year-old children is therefore estimated at 10.2%. Only half of these children have been diagnosed with asthmatic disease.
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PMID:[Prevalence of asthma in 6,000 10-year-old children in Munich and Upper Bavaria based on physicians' diagnoses and a symptom score]. 162 7

This article takes parental perception as the starting point of an analysis of the relationship between ill children, their families, and their doctors in the handling of a child's illness. A modified version of Creer, Marion, and Creer's Asthma Problem Behavior Checklist, adapted to suit Italian conditions, was used. The questionnaire was given to a sample of 460 parents of 230 preadolescent children. The sample was divided into two groups: The first sample was comprised of 84 parents of 42 preadolescent children with atopic symptoms (asthma, bronchitis, or hay fever), and the second sample was comprised of 376 parents of 188 preadolescents who had never had either atopic disturbances or any other serious disease. The results showed that both groups of parents felt their children were capable of autonomously managing their disease, and that they see medical facilities as their primary resource. Children were not perceived as being altered by their illness, although their illness undoubtedly affected family relationships; this was particularly true in the case of families with members who experience atopic problems. The factors causing the greatest difficulties were: disagreements over treatment, anxiety caused by the disease, and the sacrifices made by family members as a result of illness.
J Asthma 1991
PMID:Parental perceptions of childhood illness. 201 63


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