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Query: KEGG:D04296 (Asthma)
 25,733 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Asthma is a multifactorial, reversible, obstructive lung disease that manifests airway inflammation as well as airway hyperreactivity. In addition to IgE-mediated respiratory reactions, the pathophysiology of asthma can be triggered by both viral respiratory and bacterial sinopulmonary infections. Even though most asthma patients do not manifest undue susceptibility to infection, a subset of asthma patients with recurrent sinopulmonary as well as upper-respiratory infections may have an associated immune deficiency syndrome. In a subset of these patients, deficiencies of serum IgG subclasses have also been described in the presence of low-normal or normal serum IgG and also deficient serum IgA. In addition to the usual asthma therapy with beta 2 agonist and theophylline bronchodilators as well as cromolyn and steroids, many of these immunodeficiency patients will benefit from iv gamma-globulin therapy. However, we suggest that an inability to synthesize specific serum antibody to injected vaccines or immunogens be a prerequisite before initiating iv gamma-globulin therapy. The clinician should not rely on serum IgG subclass levels alone as a criterion for initiation of passive immune globulin therapy. There may be another cohort of asthma patients who could benefit from iv gamma-globulin therapy. In a small open-label pilot study severe steroid-dependent asthma patients who were not immunodeficient and did not have undue susceptibility to infection were treated with iv gamma-globulin with a very large dosage protocol of 2000 mg/kg monthly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Asthma. A role for IVIG therapy? 160 21

By the aid of rosette techniques (Etotal-, early-, stable-, active-, avid-, mouse-erythrocyte-rosettes) different populations of lymphocytes in peripheral blood from 68 patients with Asthma bronchiale (20 exogen-allergic, 17 infect-induced, 16 mixed-type, 15 non-classifiable) were investigated. The total number of lymphocytes was reduced, exceptionally in cases of infect-induced Asthma bronchiale. The number of T-cells was reduced in the exogen-allergic, infect-induced type and especially in the mixed-type of Asthma bronchiale, whereas the number of B-cells did not differ from the normal values (30 healthy persons). Within the population of T-cells the number of so-called active rosettes was slightly diminished in exogen-allergic and significantly decreased in infect-induced and mixed-types. Relations between immunodeficiency and Asthma bronchiale are discussed.
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PMID:[Lymphocyte populations in the peripheral blood of patients with various types of bronchial asthma]. 622 12

HIV is a disease that attacks the central control mechanisms of the immune response, yielding a condition that results in opportunistic infections, malignancies, and death. Yet, in many HIV+ patients, the morbidity from immune-based hypersensitivity diseases is a major issue long before their immunodeficiency manifests itself clinically. A major manifestation of this hypersensitivity state is IgE-mediated conditions. The incidence of atopy is similar to HIV- counterparts except for drug sensitivities, which are significantly higher in this population. Clinical manifestations are similar and the therapeutic approach is the same as that for any other atopic patient. The use of allergen immunotherapy for allergic respiratory diseases in HIV+ patients is currently undergoing investigation. Data in pilot studies and case reports suggest AIT may be safe and effective in HIV+ patients, at least those with early and middle disease. The practicing allergist-immunologist should be aware of the likelihood of seeing HIV+ atopic patients in his or her practice and should be prepared to consider therapies to minimize morbidities and improve quality of life for these individuals whose life expectancies are continuing to improve with new antiretroviral therapy development.
Allergy Asthma Proc
PMID:AIDS, HIV-positive patients, and allergies. 1056 99

Since the early 1990s, primary immunodeficiency (ID) disorders have played a major role in the development of human gene therapy. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency was the first disease to be treated with a gene therapy approach in humans, and was also the first condition for which therapeutic gene transfer into the hematopoietic stem cell has been attempted in the clinical arena. A series of encouraging results obtained in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patients have followed these pioneer experiments and preceded the very recent and exciting reports of successful genetic correction procedures performed in patients affected with the X-linked form of severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID). The technical progress made in the field of gene transfer in recent years is mostly responsible for these clinical advances, and will be critical for future development of gene therapy approaches for other forms of IDs.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2001 Sep
PMID:Gene therapy for immunodeficiency. 1189 66

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked immunodeficiency characterized by thrombocytopenia with small platelets, eczema, recurrent infections, autoimmune disorders, IgA nephropathy, and an increased incidence of hematopoietic malignancies. The identification of the responsible gene, WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein), revealed clinical heterogeneity of the syndrome, and showed that X-linked thrombocytopenia without, or with only mild immunodeficiency and eczema, is also caused by mutations of WASP. The study of WASP and its mutations demonstrates how a single gene defect can cause multiple and complex clinical symptoms.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2001 Sep
PMID:Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. 1189 69

DiGeorge syndrome is characterized by conotruncal cardiac defects, hypocalcemia, and a hypoplastic thymus. Many, but not all, patients have a heterozygous deletion of chromosome 22q11.2. In its most severe form, it represents a devastating syndrome with high mortality. Patients with severe immunodeficiency are candidates for a thymic transplant or a fully matched bone marrow transplant. Fortunately, the majority of patients with either DiGeorge syndrome or chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome have a mild to moderate immunodeficiency. These patients may develop recurrent infections or autoimmune disease.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2001 Sep
PMID:DiGeorge syndrome/chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. 1189 70

The hyper IgM syndrome is a rare, inherited immune deficiency disorder resulting from defects in the CD40 ligand/CD40-signaling pathway. X-linked hyper IgM is caused by defects in the CD40 ligand gene, while autosomal recessive hyper IgM is caused by defects in the CD40-activated RNA-editing enzyme, activation-induced cytidine deaminase, which is required for immunoglobulin isotype switching and somatic hypermutation in B cells. The loss of interaction between CD40 and its ligand in X-linked hyper IgM results in an impairment of T cell function, of B cell differentiation, and of monocyte function, while only B cell differentiation appears to be affected in autosomal recessive hyper IgM. With genetic defects in the hyper IgM syndrome identified, it is possible to diagnose patients definitely, to perform genetic screening, and to delineate the clinical manifestations of this syndrome. Further research may lead to novel and definitive therapeutic options for patients with hyper IgM syndrome.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2001 Sep
PMID:The hyper IgM syndrome. 1189 71

We present a case report and review of the literature that illustrates many key features of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). These patients frequently present with repeated infections with a variety of different microorganisms. Recurrent sinopulmonary infections can lead to serious chronic complications such as bronchiectasis, and gastrointestinal infections can result in malabsorption. In addition to serious infection, CVID is associated with a number of comorbid disorders including a variety of autoimmune diseases and neoplasms. Here, we provide an illustrative case report and discuss the primary features and therapy for patients with CVID.
Allergy Asthma Proc
PMID:Common variable immunodeficiency. 1189 36

Recognition of immunodeficiency allows steps to be taken to minimize morbidity and mortality. Immunodeficiency can be secondary to viral infection, most importantly secondary to HIV-1 worldwide, medications, disruption of the usual infection clearance mechanisms, or secondary to a myriad of systemic disorders. Immunodeficiency may also be due to one of the growing list of primary immunodeficiency disorders. In infancy, lymphopenia should trigger an evaluation investigating the possibility of severe combined immunodeficiency. Evaluations of children should be done keeping in mind that normal numbers of lymphocytes are higher in children than in adults, immunoglobulin levels in children are lower than in adults in younger age groups, and antibody production in response to polysaccharide antigens is not usually fully developed in the less-than 2-year-old child.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2002 Sep
PMID:Diagnosis of immunodeficiency: clinical clues and diagnostic tests. 1216 99

Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) is a rare, potentially life-threatening allergic disorder, which is well described in relation to many aromatic anticonvulsants. Lamotrigine is a relatively new aromatic anticonvulsant agent that is thought to act on voltage-dependent sodium channels. Initially, it was licensed as add-on therapy for seizures inadequately controlled by other medications. However, its use has been broadened to other indications, including stand-alone therapy for seizures as well as for bipolar disorder. There is extensive experience with hypersensitivity syndromes related to phenytoin, carbomazepine, primidone, and phenobarbital, but fewer reactions have been reported to lamotrigine because of its relatively recent release. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a higher rate of adverse reactions to many medications. It is unknown if they react more commonly to anticonvulsants such as lamotrigine. It is also unknown if the syndrome lias a tendency to be more severe or prolonged in such patients. The diagnosis of AHS may be particularly elusive in patients with HIV because its common features can easily be confused with an infectious etiology. We report the occurrence of a prolonged hypersensitivity syndrome likely related to lamotrigine in a 32-year-old female with HIV and review the literature regarding this condition.
Allergy Asthma Proc
PMID:Prolonged anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome related to lamotrigine in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus. 1252 8


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