Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D04166 (FeCl3)
 1,389 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The harmful effect of iron excess was studied in an experiment using fifteen adult sheep. The animals were divided into three groups of 5 each. The sheep of the group I were kept as controls, those of the group II and III were supplemented with iron in doses of 80 and 40 mg/kg body weight (BW)/24 h respectively. The animals of group II died after a period of 3-7 weeks showing anorexia, loss of weight, diarrhoea, depression and symptoms of circulatory and respiratory failure. From the animals of group III one died after 13 weeks, with symptoms of pulmonary oedema, while the other 4 survived for 22 weeks, together with the animals of the control group. The iron-supplemented animals presented increased values of Serum Iron (SI), Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), percent Transferring Saturation (% SAT), Alanino aminotransferase (ALT), serum Alkalin Phosphatase (SAP), Serum Urea Nitrogen (SUN) Creatinine, Phosphorus and decreased values of serum Copper concentration. These parameters were greater in group II. The iron concentration in the liver, spleen, myocardium and kidneys was also much higher than in the controls. The histological examination revealed degeneration of the liver, spleen, myocardium and kidneys in both groups, while cells overloaded with hemosiderin were seen in the third group only. In conclusion, it was shown that chronic intoxication may occur in sheep overdosed with iron. The toxic dose of iron ranged between 40 and 80 (mg/Kg body weight) per day and was close to 40 mg, when iron was administered in the soluble from FeCl3.6H2O.
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PMID:Iron toxicity in sheep. 253 32

Incubation of human plasma fibronectin in the presence of low concentrations of FeCl3 or CuSO4 led to the formation of disulfide-bonded multimers as revealed by analysis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing or reducing conditions. The polymers induced by FeCl3 did not enter the spacer gel, and those induced by CuSO4 migrated to the top of the running gel, indicating that the former polymers were larger than the latter, which in gel filtration experiments appeared to be larger than Mr 670,000. The polymerization occurred between pH 7 and 9 and more rapidly at 22 or 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C and was inhibited by metal-chelating reagents. NaCl, heparin, spermine, urea, or guanidine hydrochloride did not appreciably affect the reaction, whereas dithioerythritol enhanced the CuSO4-induced polymerization of fibronectin. When incubated in the presence of FeCl3, the Mr 30,000 NH2-terminal, Mr 40,000 gelatin-binding, and the Mr 120,000-140,000 COOH-terminal fragments of fibronectin formed disulfide-bonded polymers, whereas only the Mr 140,000 fragment was polymerized in the presence of CuSO4. Disulfide-bonded polymers were also formed in the presence of FeCl3 but not CuSO4 when the free sulfhydryl groups of fibronectin were blocked by N-ethylmaleimide. The results suggest that in the presence of CuSO4, disulfide-bonded polymerization of fibronectin may involve predominantly the free sulfhydryl groups, whereas in the presence of FeCl3, also the intramolecular disulfides may exchange to form disulfides between separate fibronectin molecules. Thus, under different conditions, different parts of fibronectin may be susceptible to disulfide-bonded polymerization.
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PMID:Disulfide-bonded polymerization of plasma fibronectin in the presence of metal ions. 372 4

The effect of metal salts (FeCl3, FeCl2, CuCl2, CoCl2, and [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2) on the surface pressure-area isotherm of an o,o'-dihydroxyazobenzene-containing amphiphile was investigated. The isotherm of the amphiphile was little affected in the presence of CuCl2 and [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2, but the isotherm was greatly affected by the presence of FeCl3, FeCl2, and CoCl2, implying the formation of certain complexes at the air/water interface. In the presence of salts in the water subphase, Y-type Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) multilayers could be readily assembled on the arachidic acid precoated solid substrates. From UV/Vis and ATR-IR spectroscopy, the coordinative polymerization of the azobenzene moieties was evidenced to occur when the Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, and Co2+ ions were present in the water subphase. The long axis of the azobenzene moiety seemed in all LB films to assume a nearly perpendicular orientation with respect to the solid substrate, but the orientation of the C&dbond;O bond appeared obviously different between the films prepared in the presence of FeCl3 and CuCl2. The IR spectral data indicated further that the alkyl chains in the LB film prepared in the presence of CuCl2 assumed a more close-packed structure than those prepared in the presence of FeCl3, along with an orientation 10 degrees more tilted in the former than in the latter with respect to the surface normal. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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PMID:Complexation of Metal Ions with Amphiphilic o,o'-Dihydroxyazobenzene Derivatives at the Air/Water Interface. 1039 67

The antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of FR171113, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorobenzoylimino)-5-(methoxycarbonyl methylene)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one, a non-peptide protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) antagonist, were evaluated in guinea pigs. FR171113 inhibited Ser-Phe-Leu-Leu-Arg-Asn-NH2 (a synthetic PAR1 agonist peptide)-induced and thrombin-induced aggregation of guinea pig platelets in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro (IC50=1.5 and 0.35 microM, respectively). Subcutaneous administration of FR171113 (0.1-3.2 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation ex vivo. The ED50 value of FR171113 for platelet aggregation was 0.49 mg/kg s.c. However, FR171113 did not have an inhibitory effect on ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo. One hour after FR171113 treatment at 1.0 mg/kg s.c., significant inhibition of arterial thrombosis without a prolongation of thrombin time or coagulation time was seen in the FeCl3-induced carotid artery thrombosis model in guinea pigs. Furthermore, FR171113 did not prolong bleeding time even at 32 mg/kg s.c., which is a much higher dose than that required in the thrombosis model. These observations indicate that FR171113 has desirable antiplatelet effects both in vitro and in vivo and that its in vivo antithrombotic activity is efficacious without causing a prolongation of bleeding time.
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PMID:Inhibition of arterial thrombosis by a protease-activated receptor 1 antagonist, FR171113, in the guinea pig. 1289 34

Nitrogen removal from wastewaters has gained importance in recent years. In this paper protein precipitation and recovery potential of leather tanning industry wastewaters were experimentally evaluated. A protein profile for all sources was prepared. Liming was determined to be the most important protein source. Composite samples were made up to assess the protein precipitation applications. Isoelectric pH precipitation yielded around 50% protein removal between the optimum pH interval of 2.1-3.8. FeCl3 proved to be a very effective means of protein removal providing over 60% efficiency. Polyelectrolyte precipitation did not yield satisfactory results. Magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitation followed by acid precipitation of protein provided 85% ammonia removal in addition to 50% protein removal.
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PMID:Nitrogen removal from tannery wastewater by protein recovery. 1292 40

The localization of activity of immobilzed papain by covalent-binding was studied by X-ray microanalysis. N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginineamide hydrochloride and FeCl3 served as substrate and capturer respectively. Substrate was catalysed by immobilized papain to produce L-arginine and NH3. NH3 was captured by FeCl3 to form precipitate Fe(OH)3. Precipitation deposited was used to locate active site of immobilized papain. The results show that the macroporous resins carrier of immobilized papain leads to greater enzyme activity, and the distribution of activated enzyme is uniform. Most of activated enzyme was immobilized on the macroporous resins. The optimum condition of localization of activity of immobilized papain was studied.
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PMID:[X-ray microanalysis of the activity of immobilized papain]. 1296 7

Graphene/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modification has been demonstrated to be an efficient route to improve the photocatalytic performance of various photocatalysts by promoting the effective separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. It is highly required to develop facile and environmental-friendly methods for the preparation of graphene-based photocatalytic materials. In this study, the Ag/AgCl/rGO heterostructure photocatalyst was fabricated by a mild oxidization reaction of hydrothermally prepared Ag/rGO in FeCl3 solution. It was found that the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) was accompanied with the in situ formation of metallic Ag in a Ag[(NH3)2](+)-immobilized GO solution during hydrothermal treatment, while the following in situ oxidation of metallic Ag by FeCl3 solution resulted in the formation of strongly coupled Ag/AgCl/rGO heterostructure photocatalyst. The photocatalytic experimental results indicated that all the resultant Ag/AgCl/rGO nanocomposite photocatalysts exhibited a much higher photocatalytic activity than the Ag/AgCl and physically mixed Ag/AgCl/rGO composite, and the Ag/AgCl/rGO (3.2 wt % rGO) showed the highest photocatalytic performance. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of Ag/AgCl/rGO heterostructures can be attributed to the cooperation effect of the effective separation of photogenerated carriers via strongly coupled rGO cocatalyst and the enrichment of organic molecules on the rGO nanosheets. Considering the facile preparation and its high photocatalytic activity, it is possible for the present Ag/AgCl/rGO nanocomposites to be widely applied in various fields such as air purification and wastewater treatment.
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PMID:Facile fabrication and enhanced photocatalytic performance of Ag/AgCl/rGO heterostructure photocatalyst. 2342 92

Bamboo charcoal (BC) was used as starting material to prepare iron-modified bamboo charcoal (Fe-MBC) by its impregnation in FeCl3 and HNO3 solutions simultaneously, followed by microwave heating. The material can be used as an adsorbent for Pb(II) contaminants removal in water. The composites were prepared with Fe molar concentration of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mol/L and characterized by means of N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and point of zero charge (pH(pzc)) measurements. Nitrogen adsorption analyses showed that the BET specific surface area and total pore volume increased with iron impregnation. The adsorbent with Fe molar concentration of 2 mol/L (2Fe-MBC) exhibited the highest surface area and produced the best pore structure. The Pb(II) adsorption process of 2Fe-MBC and BC were evaluated in batch experiments and 2Fe-MBC showed an excellent adsorption capability for removal Pb(II). The adsorption of Pb(II) strongly depended on solution pH, with maximum values at pH 5.0. The ionic strength had a significant effect on the adsorption at pH < 6.0. The adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir isotherm model well, and the maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(II) was 200.38 mg/g for 2Fe-MBC. The adsorption processes were well fitted by a pseudo second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Pb(II) onto Fe-MBC was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic under the studied conditions, and the ion exchange mechanism played an significant role. These results have important implications for the design of low-cost and effective adsorbents in the removal of Pb(II) from wastewater.
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PMID:Pb(II) removal from water using Fe-coated bamboo charcoal with the assistance of microwaves. 2421 36

Polysubstituted 3-arylaminoacrylate and tetrahydropyrimidin-2-one derivatives could be selectively produced from the one-pot domino reaction of arylamines, methyl propiolate, aromatic aldehydes, and urea in ethanol in the presence of FeCl3 as catalyst. Under similar reactions secondary amines such as morpholine and piperidine predominately afford tetrahydropyrimidin-2-one derivatives in good yields.
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PMID:Synthesis of tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ones via FeCl3 catalyzed one-pot domino reaction of amines, methyl propiolate, aromatic aldehydes, and urea. 2447 59

Water is not enough. Nowadays, numerous chemicals are used for fire extinction. After use, however, these may unintentionally enter sewerage systems. In order to safely treat firefighting wastewater (FFWW), knowledge of the potential effects of these chemicals on biological treatment processes is essential. This study characterized and mimicked the composition of FFWW containing two powders, three foams and one foam degrader. Nitrogen (162-370 mg NH4(+)-N L(-1)) and phosphorus (173-320 mg PO4(3-)-P L(-1)) concentrations exceeded discharge limits, whereas chemical and biological oxygen demand, suspended solids and detergent concentrations remained sufficiently low. Adequate nutrient removal could be obtained through FeCl3 addition and nitrification/denitrification with acetate as substrate. In batch tests, residual nitrifying activities of 84, 81, 89, 95 and 93% were observed in the presence of powders, foams, foam degrader, synthetic and real FFWW, respectively. All categories showed higher denitrification rates than the control. Although the powders at first seemed to inhibit anammox activity at 82%, after pH correction anammox was fully feasible, allowing nitrogen removal through oxygen-limited nitrification/denitrification (OLAND). Detailed cost calculations indicated that OLAND could save 11% of capital and 68% of operational costs compared to nitrification/denitrification, identifying OLAND as the most recommendable process for nitrogen removal from firefighting wastewaters.
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PMID:When the smoke disappears: dealing with extinguishing chemicals in firefighting wastewater. 2475 34


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