Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D03434 (Cellulase)
 512 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Particulate preparations from the Chlorophyta Prototheca zopfi catalyze the incorporation of [14C]glucose from UDP-[14C]glucoe into lipids. These lipids have been characterized as lipid-P-glucose, lipid-PP-glucose, and lipid-PP-oligosaccharides. The lipid-linked oligosaccharides were a mixture ranging from a disaccharide to approximately a decasaccharide. Cellulase digestion and periodate oxidation showed that the oligosaccharides seem to be built of beta-1,4-linked glucoses. The lipid moiety had the properties of dolichol. The glucolipids described appeared as precursors of a water-soluble polymer. Treatments of this polymer with hydrolytic enzymes and periodate oxidation that it could be a glycoprotein containing beta-1,4-linked glucoses. When GDP-glucose was added to the incubation mixture, the 14C-labelled soluble polymer became insoluble in hot alkali. This insoluble polymer had the properties expected for cellulose. A scheme is proposed with the reactions involved in the initiation of cellulose biosynthesis.
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PMID:Synthesis of cellulose precursors. The involvement of lipid-linked sugars. 63 3

Six chiral stationary phases (CSP) were evaluated for their enantioselectivity towards a series of 45 drugs with different acidic, basic or neutral properties. These CSPs were: a polyacrylamide phase, Chiraspher; two polysaccharide-based phases, cellulose tris-3,5-dimethyl phenylcarbamate (Chiralcel OD) and the S-naphthylethylcarbamate derivative of beta-cyclodextrin (SN-beta-CD; Cyclobond I SN); and three protein-based CSPs--alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (Chiral-AGP), ovomucoid (OVM) and cellulase. A total of 28 different mobile phases were involved. Chiral-AGP, OVM and Chiralcel OD appeared to be the most promising CSPs for the enantio separation of the series of structurally different compounds evaluated. Cellulase and Chiralcel OD show particularly high enantioselectivity towards the group of beta-blocker drugs. The different protein-based CSPs were used in their usual reversed-phase mode. The other phases were used in combination with apolar mobile phases, except for SN-beta-CD, which was evaluated in both modes. Formal optimization strategies were not adopted, although the effect of organic modifier and eluent pH on enantioselectivity was briefly examined for the protein-based phases.
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PMID:Evaluation of six chiral stationary phases in LC for their selectivity towards drug enantiomers. 136 89

Clostridium thermocellum produces a highly active cellulase system that consists of a high-M(r) multienzyme complex termed cellulosome. Hydrolytic components of the cellulosome are organized around a large, noncatalytic glycoprotein termed CipA that acts both as a scaffolding component and a cellulose-binding factor. Catalytic subunits of the cellulosome bear conserved, noncatalytic subdomains, termed dockerin domains, which bind to receptor domains of CipA, termed cohesin domains. CipA includes nine cohesin domains, a cellulose-binding domain, and a specialized dockerin domain. Proteins of the cell envelope carrying cohesin domains that specifically bind the dockerin domain of CipA have been identified. These proteins may mediate anchoring of the cellulosomes to the cell surface. Cellulase complexes similar to the cellulosome of C. thermocellum are produced by several cellulolytic clostridia. High-M(r) multienzyme complexes have also been identified in anaerobic rumen fungi. The architecture of the fungal complexes also seems to rely on the interaction of conserved, noncatalytic docking domains with a scaffolding component. However, the sequence of the fungal docking domains bears no resemblance to the clostridial dockerin domains, suggesting that the fungal and clostridial complexes arose independently.
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PMID:The cellulosome: an exocellular, multiprotein complex specialized in cellulose degradation. 881 76

In this study, enzymatic pretreatment of microalgal biomass was investigated under different conditions and evaluated using biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests. Cellulase, glucohydrolase and an enzyme mix composed of cellulase, glucohydrolase and xylanase were selected based on the microalgae cell wall composition (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and glycoprotein). All of them increased organic matter solubilisation, obtaining high values already after 6h of pretreatment with an enzyme dose of 1% for cellulase and the enzyme mix. BMP tests with pretreated microalgae showed a methane yield increase of 8 and 15% for cellulase and the enzyme mix, respectively. Prospective research should evaluate enzymatic pretreatments in continuous anaerobic reactors so as to estimate the energy balance and economic cost of the process.
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PMID:Improving biogas production from microalgae by enzymatic pretreatment. 2634 74