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Query: KEGG:D03374 (Capsicum)
 2,272 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Extended screening tests on the cercaricidal activity of various plants from northeast Brazil have shown that the extracts of the leaves and fruits of Piper marginatum, Protium heptaphyllum, and Capsicum annuum show a remarkable effect on the cercaria of Schistosoma mansoni. In the case of the oils of Piper marginatum and Capsicum annuum, 90--96% of the cercaria of Schistosoma mansoni were killed within 15 min. According to the NMR spectra, the active principles of the extracts seem to be water-soluble unsaturated compounds from the oils or their hydrolysis products. Natural substances provide an attractive alternative for preventive actions against schistosomiasis, as the perturbation of the ecological equilibrium of natural waters can be avoided in this manner.
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PMID:Cercaricidal activity of some essential oils of plants from Brazil. 70 49

Ten pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) inbred lines were successfully differentiated by two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients. Qualitative polymorphism of water-soluble and urea/detergent-soluble seed proteins, respectively, was investigated by computer analysis and used for establishing a dendrogram derived from maximum-parsimony analysis. The dendrogram calculated from urea/detergent-soluble proteins shows four types of distance indices, whereas water-soluble proteins show two sets of inbred lines with similar intraset distance indices. The validity of the dendrograms with respect to quantitative inherited traits, such as cold tolerance and earliness, will be tested by field trials.
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PMID:Genetic variability of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seed proteins studied by 2-D electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients. 145 9

At concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 microM, capsaicin, which is the major component in various aspects of Capsicum hot peppers, decreased the binding of aflatoxin (AFB1) to calf thymus DNA by 19%, 44%, and 71%, respectively, in incubations with rat liver S9. At concentrations of 50 and 100 microM, capsaicin decreased the formation of AFB-DNA adducts (AFB1-N7-Gua) by 53% and 75% as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC analysis of organo-soluble fractions showed that these effects correlated with a concentration-dependent decrease in S9-mediated metabolism of AFB1 by capsaicin. Capsaicin also altered the formation of water-soluble conjugates of AFB1. This was indicated by a decrease in radioactivity in water-soluble fractions and in glutathione conjugates of AFB1 analyzed by HPLC. These results suggest that capsaicin inhibited the biotransformation of AFB1 by modifying Phase I hepatic enzyme activity.
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PMID:Effects of capsaicin on rat liver S9-mediated metabolism and DNA binding of aflatoxin. 190 92

In New Mexico, chile peppers (Capsicum annum) are prepared by roasting and manually removing the skin from the fruit. Peeling is often done barehanded and may cause prolonged burning pain, irritation, and erythema but not vesication. In a survey of elderly Hispanic women, treatment with oils or cool tap water were frequently used home remedies. Twenty female subjects immersed their hands in a standardized slurry of green chile for 40 minutes, afterwards one hand was placed in cool tap water and the other in vegetable oil for a total of 75 minutes. Pain was scored using a visual analog scale while the hands were immersed in the chile slurry, test baths, and after drying. The difference in pain score was calculated for each subject. Analysis was by pooled regression. Cool tap water immersion initially provided more relief while vegetable oil provided better long-term relief from the pain of "chile burns".
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PMID:Household treatment for "chile burns" of the hands. 344 Oct 15

Preparations obtained from various plant sources were analyzed for their effect on the autoxidation of ascorbic acid and norepinephrine. The former reaction was followed by spectrophotometric detection of ascorbic acid at 265 nm, the latter one by measuring the formation of noradrenochrome at 480 nm. Extracts were prepared from Philodendron leaves and the edible portion and seeds of green peppers (Capsicum Annuum ). The tissues were minced, homogenized in 10 volumes of 16 mM Na-phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and centrifuged at 35, 000g for 30 min. The supernatant was dialyzed in 12,000 m.w. cut-off tubing, denatured in boiling water and centrifuged at 10, 000g for 10 min. Aliquots (5-50 ul) of the supernatant were assayed in 5 ml 16 mM Na-phosphate buffer pH 7.4 containing 100 uM ascorbate or norepinephrine. The denatured extracts had marked dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the autoxidation of ascorbic acid, with negligible influence on the formation of noradrenochrome . EDTA inhibited both reactions. The selectiveness of the extract toward the autoxidation of ascorbic acid makes it unlikely that the inhibitory effect is based on sequestering metal-ions.
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PMID:Inhibition of ascorbate autoxidation by a dialyzed, heat-denatured extract of plant tissues. 672 59

Four sprays of 0.05 and 0.10% phosalone were given on chilli (Capsicum annuum Linn.) crop at an interval of 15 days starting from 21 days after transplanting. Residues were determined in the green chilli fruits by GLC after cleanup of extract on multiband thin-layer plate. The half-lives of residues were 1.55 and 1.68 days on chilli fruits from the crop treated with four sprays of 0.05 and 0.10% phosalone respectively. The time required to reach the tolerance limit of 1 ppm after last spray with 0.05 and 0.10% emulsion was 4.75 and 7.62 days respectively. Washing of fruits under tap water was found effective in bringing down the level of phosalone residue by 21.64 to 75.11%.
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PMID:Studies on the residues of phosalone on chilli by GLC after multiband plate cleanup. 729 76

A population of ten morphologically similar inbred lines of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) has been investigated for polymorphism of seed proteins by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients. To reveal as much variation as possible, both the water- and the urea/detergent-soluble protein fraction were electrophoretically analyzed and subsequently visualized by silver staining. The 2-D patterns were subjected to computer analysis to be able to establish genetic variation. A high number of the seed proteins were found to be variable as to presence/absence: these were 68 out of 184 reproducible water-soluble proteins and 34 out of 419 reproducible urea/detergent-soluble proteins. Comparison of the 2-D data of the water-soluble and the urea/detergent-soluble proteins, which represent the biggest part of all extractable seed proteins, showed that both protein fractions have proteins in common, but the variable proteins found in both fractions were non-identical. The difference of variability scored in both solubility fractions was discussed. Genetic distances between all pairs of inbred pepper lines were calculated and a genetic tree was constructed. A correlation analysis was carried out to correct for genetic linkage and for secondary modifications, to have a more proper estimate of genetic distances. In both cases the dendrograms showed two distinct genetic groups of five inbred lines. This electrophoretic study was done in order to utilize the genetic distance data in breeding for heterosis. The genetic distance data presented will be used to validate the assumption that there is a higher chance to achieve better hybrid performance when the genetic distance between the parents is as great as possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Polymorphism of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seed proteins studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients: methodical and genetic aspects. 802 47

To detect and ultimately isolate genes of Phytophthora capsici the expression of which is induced during its interaction with pepper, a comparative analysis of gene expression in the wild-type pathogenic fungus with expression in a non-pathogenic (Nop) mutant reduced in cutinase and esterase activities was performed by the differential display of mRNAs. Discrimination of fungal genes induced in planta, from plant genes induced in response to the pathogen, was accomplished by exposure of the mycelium to bare-rooted seedlings of pepper (Capsicum annuum) in sterile water, to allow the initiation of infection, and then physical removal of the induced mycelium. With six sets of primer combinations, eight cDNA fragments (representing fungal genes) were present in planta only for the pathogenic strain. RNA-blot analysis showed that the transcripts detected accumulated to detectable levels only at early stages of the interaction. Sequence analysis and database searches revealed homology of one of the cDNA clones to fungal cutinases. The 218 amino-acid sequence predicted from sequencing a genomic clone of P. capsici suggested a protein of molecular weight of 23 980 Da with similarity to fungal cutinases previously characterized. These results indicated that differential-display analysis is sufficiently sensitive to be applied for the detection and isolation of fungal genes induced during a plant-pathogen interaction.
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PMID:A cutinase-encoding gene from Phytophthora capsici isolated by differential-display RT-PCR. 950 97

We previously described the accumulation of a 34 kDa thylakoid protein, named CDSP 34 for chloroplastic drought-induced stress protein, in Solanum tuberosum plants subjected to water deficit. A full-length CDSP 34 cDNA has been isolated and we report here that mature CDSP 34 is highly similar to two chromoplastic proteins, fibrillin from Capsicum annuum and CHRC (for chromoplast protein C) from Cucumis sativus, components of carotenoid-accumulating structures. Northern and Western analyses showed that both CDSP 34 transcript and protein accumulated from early stages of water deficit. In water-stressed tomato plants, similar increases in the CDSP 34-related transcript amount were noticed in wild-type and ABA-deficient flacca mutant, but protein accumulation was observed only in wild-type, suggesting a posttranscriptional role of ABA in CDSP 34 synthesis regulation. Substantial increases in CDSP 34 transcript and protein abundances were also observed in potato plants subjected to high illumination. The CDSP 34 protein is proposed to play a structural role in stabilizing stromal lamellae thylakoids upon osmotic or oxidative stress.
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PMID:Molecular characterization of CDSP 34, a chloroplastic protein induced by water deficit in Solanum tuberosum L. plants, and regulation of CDSP 34 expression by ABA and high illumination. 983 68

The carotenoid pigment profiles of authentic pure orange juices from Spain and Florida and an industrial paprika (Capsicum annuum) extract used for food coloring were obtained using reversed-phase liquid chromatography with a C18 packed column and an acetone/methanol/water eluent system. The procedure involving the carotenoid extraction is described. Both retention times and spectral properties using photodiode array detection for characterization of the major carotenoids at 430 and 519 nm are given. The influence of external addition of tangerine juice and/or paprika extract on orange juice color is described using the U.S. Department of Agriculture scale and adulterated orange juice. The procedure for quantitation of externally added paprika extract to orange juice is investigated, and the limit of quantitation, coefficient of variation, and recoveries are determined.
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PMID:Characterization of paprika (Capsicum annuum) extract in orange juices by liquid chromatography of carotenoid profiles. 1055


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