Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D03345 (beta-Galactosidase)
 434 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Some metabolic modifications of Escherichia coli cells during starvation in seawater were studied in laboratory microcosms. The apparent die-off of this bacterium under such conditions, as observed by comparing the enumeration of CFU in conventional freshwater media and direct epifluorescence counts, was partially prevented when cells were previously grown in salted organic medium or on seawater-wastewater agar. beta-Galactosidase activity of starved cells disappeared gradually with time, even though some other enzymatic activities, such as that of alkaline phosphatase, increased. Moreover, some modifications of sensitivity to antibiotics, heavy metals, and bacteriophages in seawater- and wastewater-grown cells suggested that the cells undergo structural changes under natural marine conditions. These results provide additional experimental data indicating the possible active adaptation of E. coli cells to seawater.
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PMID:Changes in Escherichia coli cells starved in seawater or grown in seawater-wastewater mixtures. 311 27

The total protein content and the activities of lysosomal hydrolases (arylsulphatase, alkaline and acid phosphatases, beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, alpha-L-fucosidase and beta-galactosidase) in the uteri of ovariectomized rabbits treated with different concentrations of progesterone, oestradiol-17 beta and a combination of progesterone and oestradiol were determined. The enzyme activities were also measured in the reproductive organs of rabbits induced to superovulate by PMSG and hCG. In superovulated and steroid-treated rabbits, the changes in lysosomal hydrolases were more obvious in the endometrium than the myometrium. Except for the myometrial alkaline phosphatase and beta-galactosidase and the endometrial alkaline phosphatase, there were no significant changes in the solubilities of hydrolases after treatment with steroids. beta-Galactosidase levels were significantly higher in the ovariectomized rabbits treated with progesterone. An antagonistic effect of oestradiol and progesterone was observed with respect to uterine weight, protein content and enzyme activities in the ovariectomized rabbits treated simultaneously with oestradiol and progesterone.
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PMID:Hormonal regulation of lysosomal hydrolases in the reproductive tract of the rabbit. 622 Jan 45

The mistranslation of alkaline phosphatase may not provide a definitive measure of errors in Escherichia coli protein synthesis. beta-Galactosidase which, unlike alkaline phosphatase, is an intracellular enzyme exhibits different mistranslation kinetics. Previous conclusions based on alkaline phosphatase data and showing no relation between error propagation and ageing may require re-evaluation.
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PMID:Error propagation in Escherichia coli and its relation to cellular ageing. 677 61

Four new zwitterionic butanesulfonic acid buffers that are structurally related to four families of Good buffers were evaluated for use in biological systems. These buffers, with pKa values from 7.6 to 10.7, were compared with a variety of other buffers from the same family and with unrelated buffers to determine their effect on enzyme activity and on microbial growth. The activity of four enzymes with optimum pH values in the alkaline range were tested: beta-galactosidase, esterase, phosphodiesterase and alkaline phosphatase. In general, all the Good buffers, including the new butanesulfonic acid buffers, gave good activity; however, there was variation in activity of certain enzymes with certain buffers. Tris, glycine, and phosphate buffers typically showed variation in activity compared to the family of Good buffers. beta-Galactosidase, in particular, showed greater activity with Good buffers than with phosphate or Tris buffers. Similarly, growth of seven bacterial strains was consistent, with a few exceptions, for all the Good family of buffers with Tris often inhibiting growth. Quantitation of alkaline phosphatase conjugated to antibodies is an important tool in many applications in molecular biology. Several Good buffers gave good signals when compared with Tris at pH 9.5 for detection of proteins using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated antibodies.
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PMID:New zwitterionic butanesulfonic acids that extend the alkaline range of four families of Good buffers: evaluation for use in biological systems. 987 Jan 86

Cell-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cell-ELISA) is a technique for the rapid, convenient, and quantitative detection of molecules expressed on the cell surface. Here we present an evaluation of beta-galactosidase as an antibody-tag for cell-ELISA. In contrast to substrates for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and alkaline phosphatase, murine splenocytes do not hydrolyze the beta-galactosidase substrate chlorophenolred-beta-D-galactopyranoside (CPRG). beta-Galactosidase-antibody conjugates show much lower background binding to murine T cells than conjugates with HRP or alkaline phosphatase. We describe step-by-step procedures for direct and indirect beta-galactosidase based cell-ELISA to quantitate the expression of molecules on the surface of unfixed, live cells. Variations of the basic protocol are suitable for adherent and non-adherent cells, large scale screening for expression of cell surface molecules, and the screening of hybridomas for production of antibodies to cell surface epitopes. Since relatively few beta-galactosidase conjugated antibodies are commercially available, we describe an efficient method to couple beta-galactosidase to antibodies using a novel water soluble heterobifunctional crosslinker, sulfosuccinimidyl 4-[N-maleimidomethyl]-cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (sulfo-SMCC). We demonstrate the utility of this method by conjugating F(ab')(2) fragments of an anti-B7-2 antibody, and using this conjugate to assay B7-2 on Fc-receptor bearing cells.
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PMID:Cell-ELISA using beta-galactosidase conjugated antibodies. 1066 80

beta-Galactosidase (beta-Gal) staining is widely used to demonstrate specific gene expression during evaluation of gene targets in vivo. This technique is extremely sensitive to fixation. Optimal fixation conditions are necessary to obtain the maximal beta-Gal activity. In this experiment, Carnoy's and three different aldehyde fixatives were used at different temperatures and over different time points. Kidneys from LacZ-stop-human alkaline phosphatase (ZA/P) double reporter mice were used to generate positive material for the experiment. The results show that glutaraldehyde combinative solution (LacZ) produced the most consistent and reliable results. Paraformaldehyde and formaldehyde were effective as fixatives only at 4C for a period of less than 4 hr, and Carnoy's solution destroyed beta-Gal activity.
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PMID:Effects of different fixatives on beta-galactosidase activity. 1271 Apr 60

To explore the possibility that specific characteristics of the epithelium of the male tract can be modified, transfections of the mouse vas deferens have been performed using in vivo injections of cationic DNA/liposome complexes. Gene transfer was done employing the reporter genes pEGFP-C1 encoding Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and pCMV-nls-beta encoding the nuclear beta-Galactosidase (beta-Gal). Foreign gene expression reached a maximum of 6.8% in the epithelial cells of the vas after treatment with the nuclear beta-Gal gene construction and of 13.3% after employing the GFP gene construction. Expression of the GFP gene appeared from one week up to three months following injection, and it appeared as patches of modified cells along the epithelium. Results from immunocytochemistry and Western Blotting support the conclusion that transfection of epithelial cells was achieved. We have also transfected the vas using gene constructions that express secretory proteins--specifically, the reporter system pSEAP-control that expresses a secretory form of human placental alkaline phosphatase, and the pGFP-Ctk-37 that expresses a secretion form of GFP. In both cases, the fluids expressed from the transfected vas showed a significant increase of alkaline phosphatase activity after pSEAP transfection and the presence of GFP protein when pGFP-Ctk-37 gene construction was employed. Our results indicate that the vas can be transfected in vivo using liposomes as vectors of foreign genes and that the vas fluid contents can be modified.
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PMID:In vivo transfection of the mouse vas deferens. 1248 13

Per cell protein expression in virally-infected insect cells declines significantly at high cell density resulting in a decrease in volumetric productivity. Specific protein expression levels in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-21) cells could be increased at high cell densities by increasing the oxygen supply and by supplementing the medium with glutamine post-infection. beta-Galactosidase yield was increased from 411 to 855 IU/ml by increasing the glutamine concentration in the medium by 46% and increasing the gas phase oxygen concentration from 21 to 80%. Similarly, the yield of a secreted alkaline phosphatase was increased from 14.2 to 26.2 IU/mL using the same conditions. Part of the increase in production with Sf-21 culture was due to increased release to the extra-cellular compartment at the higher oxygen concentrations. Increasing the gas phase oxygen concentration to 95% in conjunction with a 100% increase in glutamine and glucose concentrations did not improve the yield any further. Peak production under elevated oxygen and nutrient conditions occurred at 72 h about 24-48 h earlier than under normal conditions. In a Trichoplusia ni cell line (BTI-TN-5B1-4), the maximum secreted alkaline phosphatase activity was increased from 10 to 27.2 IU/mL by similarly manipulating the oxygen supply.
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PMID:Effect of elevated oxygen and glutamine levels on foreign protein production at high cell densities using the insect cell-baculovirus expression system. 1863 82

Lysosomal enzyme activity in the bile and blood serum was compared in mice with experimental intrahepatic cholestasis induced by alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate and Triton WR 1339. Triton WR 1339 increases the synthesis of cholesterol (fatty acid precursor) in liver cells. The development of intrahepatic cholestasis was confirmed by the increase in activities of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase in blood serum. Administration of Triton WR 1339 in a dose of 100 mg/100 g was followed by a 10-fold increase in beta-galactosidase activity (hepatocyte lysosomal enzyme) in the bile, but not in the serum of mice. beta-Galactosidase activity significantly increased in the bile, but decreased in the serum of mice after treatment with a-naphthyl isothiocyanate in a dose of 200 mg/kg. Our results indicate that intrahepatic cholestasis is manifested in increased secretion of lysosomal glycosidases into the bile. Bile components can aggravate damage to liver cells by affecting the processes of hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis.
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PMID:Activity of lysosomal enzymes in the bile and serum of mice with intrahepatic cholestasis. 1914 81