Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D03343 (MDS)
 2,225 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A method was developed for concentrating infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from hatchery water using positively charged 1-MDS filters. The method consists of passing large volumes (Ca. 1001) of hatchery water through 1-MDS microporous filter followed by the elution of the adsorbed virus using a high pH buffer. The virus adsorbed efficiently to 1-MDS filters when the pH of the water was 5.5 and was eluted optimally with 3% beef extract solution (pH 10). This procedure permitted the processing of 100 1 of hatchery water which resulted in a 300-fold reduction in the volume of water and greater than 90% recovery of the seeded virus.
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PMID:Method for the concentration of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from hatchery water. 186 6

Electronegative and electropositive filters were compared for the recovery of indigenous bacteriophages from water samples, using the VIRADEL technique. Fiber glass and diatomaceous earth filters displayed low adsorption and recovery, but an important increase of the adsorption percentage was observed when the filters were treated with cationic polymers (about 99% adsorption). A new methodology of virus elution was developed in this study, consisting of the slow passage of the eluent through the filter, thus increasing the contact time between eluent and virus adsorbed on the filters. The use of this technique allows a maximum recovery of 71.2% compared with 46.7% phage recovery obtained by the standard elution procedure. High percentages (over 83%) of phage adsorption were obtained with different filters from 1-liter aliquots of the samples, except for Virosorb 1-MDS filters (between 1.6 and 32% phage adsorption). Phage recovery by using the slow passing of the eluent depended on the filter type, with recovery ranging between 1.6% for Virosorb 1-MDS filters treated with polyethyleneimine and 103.2% for diatomaceous earth filters treated with 0.1% Nalco.
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PMID:Development and application of new positively charged filters for recovery of bacteriophages from water. 205 44

Twelve aliphatic methacrylates with a carboxylic group [succinate (2 MES, 5 MPeS and 10 MDS), methylsuccinate (2 MEMS, 5 MPeMS and 10 MDMS), maleate (2 MEM, 5 MPeM and 10 MDM) and citraconate (2 MEC, 5 MPeC and 10 MDC)] were synthesized by the addition of four dicarboxylic acid anhydrides to each of three different alkylene chain length hydroxy methacrylates to investigate the relationship between the methacrylate structure and its bonding to tooth. The bond strength of methacrylates to polished tooth surface decreased with increasing alkylene chain lengths under dry conditions, but water immersion reduced this change. The bond strength of succinate and maleate to polished tooth surface was higher than that of methylsuccinate and citraconate under dry conditions. All methacrylates showed high bond strength to etched enamel, with maleate showing the highest bond strength. On the other hand, the bond strength of 2 MEM and 5 MPeM to etched dentin was markedly high, and about 5 microns thick resin reinforced dentin at the interface between etched dentin and resin (2 MEM or 5 MPeM) was observed by SEM and EPMA analysis.
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PMID:[Adhesion of dental resin to tooth structure--syntheses and adhesion to tooth structure of various aliphatic methacrylates with a carboxylic group]. 270 Feb 51

The pharmacological action and possible therapeutic uses of some recently developed synthetic, non-toxic dihydroquinoline-type antioxidants were studied. The effect of the lipid-soluble 6,6-methylene-bis (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline) (n = 1, 2 or 3) (MTDQ) on carbon-tetrachloride-induced acute liver injuries was investigated, and that of the water-soluble 6,6-methylene-bis (2,2-dimethyl-4-methansulphonic acid sodium-1,2-dihydroquinoline) (MDS) on galactosamine-induced acute liver injuries in CFLP mice (Lati, Hungary). MTDQ was found suitable for the prevention of acute CCl4-induced liver injuries and MDS for that of acute galactosamine-induced liver injuries. Disappearance or significant diminution of the morphological signs and lesions of lipid degeneration and centro-lobular liver necrosis, decrease of serum GOT activities, and also inflammatory changes induced by galactosamine were observed.
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PMID:Biochemical markers in carbon-tetrachloride-and galactosamine-induced acute liver injuries: the effects of dihydroquinoline-type antioxidants. 715 May 2

Kinetics of thermal decomposition of trihydrate of sodium salt of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methyl-1,4-dioxo-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid (MDS, vitamin K3 soluble form) in solid state by accelerated aging method at elevated temperature has been studied. It was found that the process occurs according to Prout-Tompkins model and its rate depends on temperature, humidity and particle size of the substance. Thermodynamic parameters of the reaction (Q10(0), EA, delta H not equal to, delta S not equal to, delta G) were determined and theoretically predicted stability of MDS at room temperature is given. The reaction mechanism assumes a preliminary dehydration occurring via the successive elimination of one and a half, two and a half and finally three molecules of water. The obtained anhydrous form decomposes thermally forming free radical intermediates and yielding finally 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (vitamin K3), SO2 and NaOH.
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PMID:Kinetics of drug decomposition. Part 73. Kinetics and mechanism of vitamin K3 soluble form thermal decomposition in solid phase. 718 50

We investigated three small streams in the New Territories of Hong Kong, China. In each stream, we compared the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna of one site immediately upstream of an area of agricultural land (market gardening) with a second site immediately downstream. Each pair of sites was < 300 m apart. Samples were taken at the end of the dry season (March 2000) and again (April 2000) just after heavy rainfall had caused runoff from the fields. The total number of taxa at the downstream sites was the same as that in the upstream sites in March. In April, the total taxon richness was lower at the downstream localities although this difference was statistically significant in only one stream. The acute toxic effect of runoff became clearer when focusing on the group of sensitive benthic fauna. The grouping was done by ranking the relatively physiological tolerance to organotoxins following the relevant literature (Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 67 (2001) 360). All streams showed a significant downstream decrease in the number of sensitive taxa in April, while in two of three streams the number of relatively tolerant taxa increased. Ordination (by n-MDS) confirmed this pattern. It revealed a marked temporal trend in all streams resulting from a decrease of sensitive taxa downstream that was not apparent at the upstream sites. The size of the observed effects varied among streams, and may have reflected differences in the composition of the agricultural runoff.
Water Res 2002 Jul
PMID:The impact of agricultural runoff on stream benthos in Hong Kong, China. 1217 9

We used a biochemical approach based on the analysis of the quality and quantity of sedimentary organic matter for identifying new descriptors of the trophic state and environmental quality of coastal marine systems. A large-scale study, including 99 stations, belonging to 33 transects, was carried out along 250 km of the Apulian coasts (Mediterranean Sea) in March and September 2000. The investigated area covered a wide range of anthropogenic impacts (industrial ports, tourist harbours, areas affected by power plants and industrial wastes, mariculture areas). Other sites, including marine protected areas (i.e., without any apparent impact), were used as "control". Water column and benthic parameters provided different indications and classifications of the trophic state of coastal marine systems. We found that phytopigment content of the sediments changed in response to all different sources of anthropogenic impact and resulted in a useful descriptor of the trophic state and environmental quality. Highest sediment chlorophyll-a concentrations, indicating conditions of increasing eutrophication, were found in areas impacted by the discharge of heated waters from a power plant. In particular, the contribution of the autotrophic biomass to the biopolymeric carbon pool appeared to be a good descriptor of the decreasing environmental quality. Independently from the sampling period or the pollution source such contribution was significantly lower in transects subjected to anthropogenic impact than in control areas. Differences in trophic conditions were evident both in terms of quantity (i.e., total organic matter content) and quality (i.e., biochemical composition) of sediment organic matter. In particular, sediment protein concentration appeared to be a good descriptor of the trophic state of the benthic systems at different spatial scales. Multivariate (MDS) analysis allowed identifying areas characterised by hypertrophic, eutrophic and meso-oligotrophic conditions and to define relative threshold levels. A classification of the trophic state of coastal systems based on protein and carbohydrate concentrations is proposed.
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PMID:Assessing the trophic state and eutrophication of coastal marine systems: a new approach based on the biochemical composition of sediment organic matter. 1222 84

The accuracy of electron dose calculations performed by two commercially available treatment planning systems, Varian Cadplan and MDS Nordion Helax-TMS, were assessed. Three tests designed to reproduce clinical treatments likely to result in dose nonuniformity have been carried out. The tests examined oblique incidence of the electron beam; incidence on a surface containing a step shape; and incidence on a phantom containing a small air cavity. Dose calculations performed by the planning systems were compared with thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) measurements in a WTe electron solid water phantom. A Varian 2100C linear accelerator was used. In most situations, the discrepancy between calculated and measured dose was within the tolerance specified by the ICRU; however, some exceptions were noted. Helax-TMS produced errors of 5 mm in the position of the 10% isodose line in the penumbra of the obliquely incident beam. Both Cadplan and Helax-TMS overestimated the surface dose adjacent to a step in the beam entry surface by approximately 15%. An overestimation of 10% in dose was calculated by both systems downstream of the small air cavity. Discrepancies between the measured and calculated monitor units lay within the uncertainty limits of the measurements. In conclusion, calculations of absorbed dose from electron beams performed by Varian Cadplan and MDS Nordion Helax-TMS result in significant errors at shallow depths near surface irregularities and downstream of small air cavities.
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PMID:Electron dose calculations: a comparison of two commercial treatment planning computers. 1280 8

The purpose of this study is to perform a clinical evaluation of the first commercial (MDS Nordion, now Nucletron) treatment planning system for electron beams incorporating Monte Carlo dose calculation module. This software implements Kawrakow's VMC++ voxel-based Monte Carlo calculation algorithm. The accuracy of the dose distribution calculations is evaluated by direct comparisons with extensive sets of measured data in homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms at different source-to-surface distances (SSDs) and gantry angles. We also verify the accuracy of the Monte Carlo module for monitor unit calculations in comparison with independent hand calculations for homogeneous water phantom at two different SSDs. All electron beams in the range 6-20 MeV are from a Siemens KD-2 linear accelerator. We used 10,000 or 50,000 histories/cm2 in our Monte Carlo calculations, which led to about 2.5% and 1% relative standard error of the mean of the calculated dose. The dose calculation time depends on the number of histories, the number of voxels used to map the patient anatomy, the field size, and the beam energy. The typical run time of the Monte Carlo calculations (10,000 histories/cm2) is 1.02 min on a 2.2 GHz Pentium 4 Xeon computer for a 9 MeV beam, 10 x 10 cm2 field size, incident on the phantom 15 x 15 x 10 cm3 consisting of 31 CT slices and voxels size of 3 x 3 x 3 mm3 (total of 486,720 voxels). We find good agreement (discrepancies smaller than 5%) for most of the tested dose distributions. We also find excellent agreement (discrepancies of 2.5% or less) for the monitor unit calculations relative to the independent manual calculations. The accuracy of monitor unit calculations does not depend on the SSD used, which allows the use of one virtual machine for each beam energy for all arbitrary SSDs. In some cases the test results are found to be sensitive to the voxel size applied such that bigger systematic errors (>5%) occur when large voxel sizes interfere with the extensions of heterogeneities or dose gradients because of differences between the experimental and calculated geometries. Therefore, user control over voxelization is important for high accuracy electron dose calculations.
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PMID:Evaluation of the first commercial Monte Carlo dose calculation engine for electron beam treatment planning. 1476 Oct 30

Recently, the water-soluble bifunctional alkylating agent treosulfan demonstrated broad stem cell toxicity, immunosuppressive as well as antileukemic activity. Due to its well known low non-hematologic toxicity profile, treosulfan was considered an alternative agent for conditioning prior to allogeneic transplantation. A first clinical study, combining 3 x 10 g/m2 of treosulfan with 5 x 30 mg/m2 of fludarabine, demonstrated the feasibility of this conditioning. A fast, reliable and complete development of the donor hematopoiesis was evident as well as a low non-hematologic toxicity, transplantation-related mortality and relapse rate. In a second study treosulfan was escalated from 3 x 10 to 3 x 12 and 3 x 14 g/m2. In this protocol, 55 pts (patients) not amenable to standard conditioning suffering from various hematological malignancies were included. Complete donor chimerism was reached by day 28 in 80% of the pts. So far, 8 pts (11%) died without disease progression and 11 pts (20%) relapsed. Treosulfan was very well tolerated. Especially no hepatic VOD, severe cardiac or pulmonary toxicity was noted. Acute GvHD (degrees 11-IV) occurred in 44% and chronic GvHD in 45% of pts. Considering the poor prognosis of these study populations, treosulfan-based conditioning is considered to be safe and efficient. New phase 11 clinical protocols in AML and MDS will be initiated.
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PMID:Treosulfan/fludarabine: a new conditioning regimen in allogeneic transplantation. 1512 79


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