Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: KEGG:D03343 (MDS)
2,225 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The increase in the serum levels of the IL-2 receptors is due to its release both in vivo and in vitro from activated cells or neoplastic cells expressing it constitutively. The diagnostic, prognostic and physiopathologic significance of the sIL-2R was investigated by testing the serum of 271 haemopathic patients in various stages of the disease. In HCL the elevated sIL-2R level has a diagnostic value. In HD the sIL-2R level appears to be directly correlated with the extent of the disease and is equally important in the follow up of patients with HCL, NHL, HD, AL and MDS, where the serum level of the soluble receptor is usually associated with the biological and clinical activity of the disease. Unlike other B lymphoproliferations, patients with Multiple Myeloma on average show only slightly elevated levels of soluble receptor with no significant differences related to the stage or evolution. As for the chronic myeloproliferative disorders, we found only slightly elevated values in ET and PV, with frankly pathological values in CML during a blastic crisis or in the accelerated phase and in MFI during the clinically active phase of the disease.
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PMID:[The soluble IL-2 receptor in malignant hemopathies]. 146 37

Epidemiological studies indicating that exposure to organic solvents is a risk factor for haematological malignancies are reviewed. Exposure to benzene is a risk factor for ANLL. A preleukaemic phase with pancytopenia is common and may be associated with a normo- or hypercellular marrow with morphological characteristics suggesting MDS. There are indications that other organic solvents than benzene may be leukaemogenic. Certain chromosome aberrations are characteristic in leukaemic cells from solvent exposed ANLL patients. The average latency time from start of occupational exposure until diagnosis is about 10-11 years. There is epidemiological evidence that exposure to organic solvents may also increase the risk of lymphoproliferative malignancies, i.e. ALL, NHL, HD and myeloma.
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PMID:Exposure to organic solvents and risk of haematological malignancies. 173 76

There were 100 patients with pancytopenia notified to the Swedish part of an international study of aplastic anemia (Aa) (1983-1986). Aa was the cause in 16 patients and 50 patients had different conditions explaining their pancytopenia, whereas in 34 patients no obvious explanation was found at the time of discovery of their pancytopenia. A follow-up study in 1987 comprised the patients with Aa (n = 16) and the patients with uncharacterized pancytopenia (n = 34.3 additional patients had then been diagnosed as having Aa whereas 3 patients had a diagnosis of a low-grade NHL and 8 patients a diagnosis of MDS. No (or an inadequate) bone marrow sample had been taken in 9 of the 34 patients. This study shows that pancytopenia may be found in many serious conditions. Patients with pancytopenia should be carefully followed as Aa can develop slowly and as the MDS diagnosis can be difficult to establish at an early stage.
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PMID:Diagnoses in patients with severe pancytopenia suspected of having aplastic anemia. 237 59

As a first step to evaluate the possibility of gene therapy using adenoviral vectors in hematological malignancies in vivo, we tested the efficacy of gene transfer by a recombinant adenovirus in cell lines and fresh cells from various hematological neoplasms. Thirteen cell lines and samples from 27 patients were studied. Cells were infected by a recombinant adenovirus expressing beta galactosidase gene (Ad RSV betagal) and efficacy of transduction assessed by evaluating betagal expression in cells with a histochemical method. After infection of the cells at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 200 p.f.u./cell, the percentage of beta gal-positive cells after 48h was high in two cell lines. K562 (64%) and RPMI 8226 (a myeloma cell line, 65%), relatively large in the two myeloma cell lines tested (41% and 20%, respectively) and in MT4 (an adult T cell leukemia cell line, 38%) and low or absent in other cell lines. In fresh samples from AML, ALL, CLL, NHL, myeloma and MDS, no betagal positive cells were seen 48h and 72h after infection, except in one case of myeloma and one case of CLL (where 10% and 2% of betagal positive cells were seen after infection, respectively). Exposure of fresh malignant cells to GM-CSF before and during adenoviral infection, in three cases, did not increase the number of transfected cells. This suggests that adenoviral vectors, at least in their present form, cannot efficiently be used for direct gene transfer in hematological malignant cells.
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PMID:Differential efficacy of adenoviral mediated gene transfer into cells from hematological cell lines and fresh hematological malignancies. 855 24

Now that a substantial group of cancer patients has such a favourable prognosis, it has become increasingly important to evaluate the long-term complications of treatment. Of all late effects of treatment, secondary leukaemia is one of the most serious. Increased risk of AML has been observed both after RT and after CT; however, several types of CT have much stronger leukaemogenic properties than RT. Limited field radiation in the therapeutic dose range is associated with very little or no increased risk of leukaemia, which has been attributed to cell killing at the higher radiation doses. With respect to CT, two different syndromes of treatment-related AML have been recognized. Risk of alkylating agent-related AML is highest in the 5-10 year follow-up period and seems to decrease afterwards. This type of leukaemia is often preceded by MDS, and is characterized by deletions of chromosomes 5 and 7. Leukaemias related to treatment with the topoisomerase II inhibitors are characterized by a short induction period, presentation as myelomonocytic or monocytic leukaemia (rather than MDS) and balanced chromosomal translocations involving bands 11q23 and 21q22. This review addresses the risk of secondary AML and MDS following treatment of HD, NHL, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer and paediatric malignancies. In patients with HD, the risk of AML is higher with an increasing number of mechlorethamine-procarbazine-containing cycles, a greater number of CT episodes, and after splenectomy. The majority of data shows that RT does not add to the leukaemia risk from CT, but this issue is still surrounded by some controversy. ABV(D)-treated patients have a very low risk of AML. Generally, patients with NHL, testicular cancer and breast cancer experience much lower risk of AML than patients with HD. NHL and breast cancer treatment regimens with cumulative cyclophosphamide doses of 20 g or less do not confer an appreciable increase of AML. Recently, strongly increased AML risk has been observed following autologous bone marrow transplantation and other dose intensification strategies. Risk factors for this excess remain to be defined. PVB treatment for testicular cancer is not followed by increased leukaemia risk, but modern etoposide-containing regimens do confer excess risk, of which the magnitude at conventional drug doses is not yet well known. High risk of leukaemia has been reported in children treated with epipodophyllotoxins. The leukaemogenic hazards of cancer treatment should be weighed against their therapeutic benefits.
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PMID:Risk of acute myelogenous leukaemia and myelodysplasia following cancer treatment. 873 May 51

The incidence of aplastic anemia appears to be relatively high in some parts of the world, including Pakistan. Since some of the etiological factors are shared by aplastic anemia and the preleukemic syndrome, there is a strong possibility that a proportion of cases of aplastic anemia may in fact be preleukemia. The study of chromosomes offers a relatively easy method of detecting cases of preleukemia, because some chromosomal abnormalities are frequently observed in this condition. Chromosomal studies were carried out in peripheral blood cell cultures of 31 patients with otherwise typical aplastic anemia. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 7 (22.5%) cases. The most common chromosomal abnormality detected was trisomy 8, seen in four cases. Other abnormalities detected were 22q-, t(14;22) and t(15;21), in one case each. These abnormalities have been found to be associated with AML, MDS, ALL, and NHL as well. We hypothesize that a proportion of cases of otherwise typical aplastic anemia may in fact be due to a leukemic process in evolution.
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PMID:Aplastic anemia or aplastic preleukemic syndrome? 943 74

To explore the feasibility and potential advantages of PBSC in allogeneic transplantation, we grafted 24 patients (age 16-57, median 37) with different hematologic diseases (ALL = 10, AML = 5, MM = 4, NHL = 2, CML = 1, MDS = 1, AA = 1), 23 HLA-identical to their siblings and 1 partially matched. Cells were collected from donors by apheresis after G-CSF 10 to 16 mg/kg/day for 4 to 5 days, and stored at 4 degrees C until infusion. The patients were conditioned with chemotherapy regimens including busulfan and cyclophosphamide in the majority of cases and received GVHD prophylaxis with CSA-MTX in all but two. The graft consisted of PBSC alone, with a median of 143.5 (range 18.1-358.9) x 10(4)/kg CFU-GM, 9.0 (range 3.3-18.0) x 10(6)/kg CD34+ cells and 2.8 (range 1.2 to 8.6) x 10(8)/kg CD3+ and cells. An ANC >0.0.5 x 10(9)/L was recovered on (median) day 13 (range 11-17), and a platelet count >50 x 10(9)/L on (median) day 13 (range 12-55) post graft. There was no correlation between CD34+ cells or CFU-GM number in the inoculum and time to hematologic reconstitution. Acute GVHD (grade II-IV) occurred in 10 out of 22 (45%), chronic GVHD in 10 out of 18 evaluable (55%) patients. We found no relationship between occurrence of acute or chronic GVHD and number of CD3+ cells in the graft. Four patients relapsed and 7 died after transplantation. Fifteen patients are currently alive and disease-free 67 to 710 (median 286) days from the graft. Allogeneic transplantation with unmanipulated PBSC ensures a fast and stable engraftment. Acute GVHD incidence and severity seems comparable to that of bone marrow transplantation, but there may be an increase in chronic GVHD, mainly of the extensive form.
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PMID:Transplantation of unmanipulated allogeneic PBSC: preliminary report on 24 patients. 957 Jun 80

From September 1982 to August 1997, 767 bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplants have been performed at the Health Sciences Center in Oklahoma. Five hundred and two (502) autologous transplants (AutoTX) preceded by high-dose myeloablative therapy were performed for breast cancer (BC, 36%), non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL, 24%), Hodgkin's disease (HD, 10%), acute myeloid leukemia (AML, 8%), testicular cancer (TC, 4%), multiple myeloma (MM, 2%) and other malignancies (16%). Two hundred and sixty-five (265) allogeneic marrow transplants (AlloTX) (related, unrelated) were carried out in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML, 30%), AML (23%), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL, 14%), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, 9%), severe aplastic anemia (SAA, 8%), and other diseases (14%). Compared between 1980s to 1990s, 100-day mortality rates have decreased from 28% to 5% for AutoTX and from 40% to 25% for AlloTX. In the AutoTX setting, major changes included the routine use of growth factors post-transplant and the switch from bone marrow to growth factor-mobilized peripheral blood as a source of stem cells over the last five years. In the AlloTX setting, improvements in recognition and control of cytomegalovirus and Candida organisms, the selective use of growth factors and screened blood products, and better selection of unrelated donors using DNA-based techniques of HLA-matching have contributed to reduce early mortality from infection and primary graft failure. The five-year survival outcomes are comparable to those reported in registry data from the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry (IBMTR) and the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP).
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PMID:Marrow and stem cell transplantation in Oklahoma: fifteen years of experience and results. 976 68

The experience of operative treatment in 14 cases of acute abdomen complicated by malignant hemopathy was reported. Primary diseases consisted of AL, NHL, MM, MH and MDS-RA, 13 cases of them were at progressing stage. The acute abdominal conditions included acute appendicitis, acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis, peritonitis secondary to intestinal perforation, intestinal obstruction, primary peritonitis and ileocecal syndrome. The type of acute abdomen was related with primary desease and chemotherapy. 8 cases were operated and 2 of them died of complications after operation. Biopsy of excised tissue showed tumor cells in 2 cases. The rate of correllation between preoper active and postoperative diagnosis was 62.5%. These findings suggest that malignant infiltration in the viscera, duration of abdominal pain before operation and the change of blood picture are the major factors for determining operative indication and the postoperative prognosis.
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PMID:[An approach to operative treatment for acute abdomen complicated by malignant hemopathy]. 981 68

Among 290 BMT procedures: 74 AML, 78 ALL, 34 CML, 6 SAA, 3 MDS, 42 HD, 35 NHL, 11 MM, and 7 solid tumours (breast or testis cancer) Allogeneic BMT was performed in 76 patients and ABMT/APBCT in 214 patients. Survival, DFS and relapse curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier product limit method. Variables potentially affecting survival and DFS were assessed in a multivariate analysis by the Cox proportional hazard model in a stepwise regression. The promising results were obtained in high risk adult ALL in the first CR. DFS in CR1 patients transplanted after full dose induction and high dose consolidation was significantly longer if compared to those who received dose/time reduced or postponed treatment. For CR> or =2 patients and with CNS involvement at diagnosis ABMT offers a salvage therapy that needs further improvement. In relapsed and refractory HD better results are obtained in patients relapsing > 1 year after first CR and in patients with entirely nodal localisation of this relapse. In NHL bone marrow and spleen infiltration at diagnosis appear to be an unfavourable prognostic factor.
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PMID:Allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantation in single centre experience. 991 50


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