Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: KEGG:D03301 (PDL)
 658 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This is a report of an exploratory study of how the hormone relaxin might modulate the remodeling of connective tissue within the craniofacial sutures and periodontal tissues. Relaxin is a hormone that was discovered to be produced by the pregnant female. It is responsible for the relaxing of the pubic symphysis; the birth canal is widened for parturition. It has also been shown to have effects on other areas of the body, including ligaments and regions containing collagen and fibroblastic activity. Twenty-one Swiss retired-breeder mice were used to: 1) immunohistochemically demonstrate the presence of relaxin within the sutures; 2) demonstrate its effects on the integrity of the suture-like tissues; and 3) assay its effects on protease activity. Relaxin in concentrations of 250 and 500 ng/ml was used in the treated samples and allowed to incubate in complete tissue culture for 24 h. The results indicate the presence of relaxin within the cranial suture. Histological observations revealed definite changes in the collagen fibril arrangement in the PDL - from being dense and highly organized with a perpendicular direction between tooth and bone to randomly organized and loose, lacking any direction between tooth and bone. An elevation in the protease activity was evident in the relaxin-treated samples. This naturally occurring hormone might be used as an adjunct to orthodontic therapy as it appears to have the capacity to alter the physical properties of the connective tissue within sutures, gingival tissue, and the PDL. Potential indications for use include instances of sutural and soft tissue adaptation of orthopedic expansion in non-growing patients by a reduction in the tension of the stretched soft tissue envelope following orthognathic surgery (particularly the expanded palatal mucosa), periodontal ligament remodeling during or after tooth movement promoting stability, rapid gingival tissue remodeling during space closure in extraction sites, and by a decrease in the amount of scar tissue formation following frenectomies.
 ...
PMID:Relaxin affects the dentofacial sutural tissues. 1155 74

The relapse of teeth that have moved during orthodontic treatment is a major clinical issue with respect to the goals of successful treatment. Relaxin has an influence on many physiologic processes, such as collagen turnover. In this study, we determined the effects of relaxin on the relapse and remodeling of periodontal tissue after experimental tooth movement in rats, and we explored the molecular mechanism underlying these processes. To induce experimental tooth movement in rats, 10 g of orthodontic force was applied to the molars. After 14 days, the spring was removed, and then animals began receiving relaxin at a dose of 500 ng/ml for 1 week. The results were evaluated by micro-computed tomography and immunofluorescence staining. In addition, the effects of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-8 production were investigated in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells in vitro. The expression of MMP-1 and MMP-8 was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, we demonstrated the signaling pathways involved in relaxin-regulated MMPs expression. The relapse distances and percentages were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the controls in vivo. A double-immunofluorescence analysis for Col-I/MMP-1 and Col-I/MMP-8 detected the expression of relaxin in the PDL. Relaxin significantly increased the MMP-1 and MMP-8 expression in a time-dependent manner in hPDL cells in vitro. Furthermore, a p38 inhibitor (SB203580) significantly inhibited the MMP-1 and MMP-8 expression. Our results indicated that relaxin modulates the collagen metabolism, and this hormone may therefore be useful to prevent orthodontic relapse following orthodontic treatment.
 ...
PMID:Effects of relaxin on relapse and periodontal tissue remodeling after experimental tooth movement in rats. 2214 56