Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: KEGG:D03244 (Kaolin)
 239 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urinary levels of morphine and codeine were studied in two groups of people: Group A--urine samples of 76 subjects receiving three different medicinal preparations containing morphine or codeine. Group B--urine samples of 67 drug abusers detected at urinary mass screening. Distinct differences in these levels were observed. In Group A, UPPER 99% Confidence limits of morphine concentrations of 2.56 microgram/ml, 2.40 microgram/ml and 2.29 microgram/ml were reached after consumption of prescribed doses of Syrup Phensedyl, Tablet Codeine Co and Kaolin et Morphine mixture respectively. In Group B, the LOWER 99% Confidence limit of morphine concentration was 3 microgram/ml. In contrast, the codeine levels obtained for both groups were similar. The clear separation of the ranges of morphine values for the two groups shows that the urinary morphine level forms a reliable index for the differentiation between these two groups.
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PMID:Urinary excretion levels of morphine and codeine in subjects consuming medicinal preparations containing morphine or codeine and in drug abusers. 54 57

Urinary total morphine: total codeine ratios were studied in two groups of people. Group A consisted of 76 subjects receiving three different medicinal preparations containing morphine or codeine, while Group B consisted of 33 drug abusers detected at urinary mass screening. Distinct differences in these ratios were observed. In Group A, total morphine: codeine ratios of 1:2.6 and below were obtained for subjects consuming either Tablet Codeine Co or Syrup Phensedyl. Subjects consuming Kaolin et Morphine mixture did not excrete any codeine in the urine. In Group B, total morphine: total codeine ratios of 1.9:1 and above were obtained. In addition all subjects in Group B excreted both morphine and codeine. The clear separation of the morphine: codeine ratios makes this a possible index to differentiate between these groups.
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PMID:Ratios of total morphine to total codeine in urine of subjects consuming medicinal preparations containing morphine or codeine and in drug abusers. 54 58