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Query: KEGG:D03063 (BCG vaccine)
 1,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Granulomas which develop in draining lymph nodes, following the intradermal injection of cobalt-irradiated Mycobacterium leprae into the ear of the guinea pig 2 and 5 weeks earlier, were studied in animals which had been presensitized with BCG vaccine or M. leprae and compared with granulomas that developed in previously unsensitized guinea pigs. Presensitization with mycobacteria accelerated the development of the granulomas. Granulomas in previously unsensitized guinea pigs were found ultrastructurally to contain phagocytosing macrophages similar to those in lepromatous leprosy, and M. leprae presensitization did not alter the type of granuloma found. Those in BCG-presensitized guinea pigs contained secretory epithelioid cells with rough endoplasmic reticulum similar to those found in borderline tuberculoid leprosy or reversal reactions. The significance of these findings in relation to the current use of vaccines in leprosy is discussed.
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PMID:Effect of presensitization with BCG and Mycobacterium leprae on granuloma formation to M. leprae. 228 Jan 18

A comparison is made between immunologically induced and non-immunologically induced granulomas in guinea-pigs injected with metals (zirconium and aluminum) or with mycobacteria (BCG vaccine and Mycobacterium leprae). Immunological granulomas were characterized by epithelioid cells and fibrosis, whereas non-immunological granulomas contained phagocytosing macrophages with little evidence of fibroblast activation. Epithelioid cells carry the same specific macrophage antigen as phagocytosing macrophages and this can be detected by the use of a specific monoclonal antibody. However, they differ from phagocytosing macrophages in that they are poorly phagocytic, not glass adherent and lack Ia antigen. They are however secretory cells with rough endoplasmic reticulum. A relation between the presence of these cells and increased collagen synthesis is indicated. A study of accessory cell function showed that the epithelioid cells of BCG granulomas were able to support mitogen-induced but not antigen-induced proliferation of T lymphocytes. The macrophages of M. leprae granulomas did not support either a mitogen- or antigen-induced proliferative response.
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PMID:The mononuclear phagocyte system in granulomas. 401 81

To correlate fertility and endometrial morphology during an immune reaction, pregnant rats previously immunized with BCG vaccine were injected with .05 ml BCG vaccine in 1 uterine horn on Day 3 of pregnancy and the number of fetuses counted during Days 10-16. Spayed animals were given progesterone for 4 days and then an injection of BCG serum or vaccine in 1 uterine horn. The uteri were studied microscopically at intervals after injection. An intrauterine injection of BCG vaccine completely inhibited implantation. An intrauterine injection of serum to immunized or nonimmunized animals did not block implantation but seemed to lower fertility. Electron microscopy of the uteri of vaccinated spayed progesterone-treated animals showed an extensive development of the Golgi apparatus and granular endoplasmic reticulum. Large vacuoles were present, but there was a disappearance of the apical vesicles which are characteristic for a normal preimplantation stage in the rat. In the immediate type of hypersensitivity, the uterine epithelium is insufficiently changed to inhibit implantation.
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PMID:Changes in fertility and morphology of sensitized rat uterine endometrium upon an intra-uterine injection of antigen. 463 27

Epithelioid cells are cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system found in certain granulomas mainly associated with intense immunological activity. These cells show little phagocytic activity. In certain experimental granulomas such as those produced in guinea pigs sensitive to zirconium, and at sites of intense inflammatory reaction in man, they may contain varying amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum ("secretory" epithelioid cells). In other situations such as tuberculoid leprosy and in some cases of sarcoidosis they may have the appearance of activated macrophages or take on a multivesicular appearance ("vesicular" epithelioid cells). It is suggested that "vesicular epithelioid cells could develop from "secretory" epithelioid cells by a process of degeneration. In studies comparing granulomas induced in lymph nodes draining the site of intradermal injection of mycobacteria, epithelioid cell granulomas were produced with BCG vaccine, whereas, the granulomas induced by Mycobacterium leprae contained undifferentiated macrophages that contained phagocytosed organisms. The BCG granulomas were in addition characterised by fibroblast infiltration, the presence of collagen and resolution by fibrosis. M. leprae granulomas showed little evidence of fibroblastic activity. Biochemical studies confirmed that BCG granulomas formed new collagen in vitro, whereas this did not take place with M. leprae granulomas. It is suggested that epithelioid cells could play an important role in fibrosis possibly by the secretion of a fibroblast activating factor.
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PMID:The origin, morphology, and function of epithelioid cells. 704 74

Non-caseating epithelioid granulomas have been induced in rats by the subcutaneous injection of BCG vaccine and their cellular disaggregation to yield isolated epithelioid cells has been achieved using collagenase. Ultrastructurally epithelioid cells in both intact granulomas and disaggregated cell suspensions showed a spectrum of appearances ranging from cells with conspicuous rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum ("plasmacytoid epithelioid cells") to cells containing numerous cytoplasmic membrane-bound vesicles ("vesicular epithelioid cells"). Numerous intermediate forms were present. Endocytosed material was inconspicuous. Investigation of disaggregated 4, 10 and 28 day lesions showed that the proportion of vesicular epithelioid cells increased with maturation of the granulomas. Nevertheless a full spectrum of epithelioid cell morphology was present as early as 4 days. It is suggested that mononuclear phagocyte cells entering the granuloma transform into vesicular epithelioid cells via an intermediate plasmacytoid stage. The successful isolation of viable epithelioid cells from granulomas may allow the function of these cells to be evaluated further.
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PMID:Isolated epithelioid cells from disaggregated BCG granulomas - an ultrastructural study. 705 93

Granulomas may be immunologically induced or non-immunologically induced. In immunologically induced granulomas cells of the monocyte-macrophage series take on the appearance of epitheloid cells. Ultrastructurally epithelioid cells may have a secretory appearance with much rough endoplasmic reticulum or take on highly degenerate vesicular appearance. Other epithelioid cells look like activated macrophages. Secretory epithelioid cells may be found associated with acute local inflammation as in borderline tuberculoid leprosy in reaction, the lepromin reaction, following injection of BCG vaccine and in experimental zirconium granulomas. In these situations there may also be strong histological and biochemical evidence of increased fibroblast activity and collagen synthesis. It is suggested that these cells are actively secreting a fibroblast-activating factor. Epithelioid cells may lose their Fc receptors, undifferentiated macrophages in lepromatous leprosy can lose their C3 receptors. It is suggested that in a number of situations granuloma formation may be associated with complement activation through the alternative pathway as in the case of mycobacterial granulomas. Toxic granulomas produced by metals may be caused by C3 being split by plasmin after conversion from plasminogen by activation of the Hageman factor.
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PMID:The monocyte-macrophage system in granulomatous inflammation. 732 27