Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D03063 (BCG vaccine)
 1,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Increasing numbers of immigrants from the former Soviet Union are settling in the United States each year, making it imperative for clinicians to know how to find and interpret immigrant children's immunization records. Records show that these children have usually received immunizations against tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps and tuberculosis (BCG). They are occasionally vaccinated against influenza, smallpox and tularemia, but never against rubella, hepatitis B or H. influenzae meningitis. The Soviet immunization schedule differs significantly from the U.S. schedule only in BCG vaccine and polio immunization. Contrary to widespread belief in the United States, BCG vaccination does not necessarily render a child's tuberculin skin test positive, and it certainly does not confer total immunity to tuberculosis. MMR vaccination is essential for all Soviet immigrant children. A single update of all the other immunizations may be a wise approach when handling Soviet children's immunizations.
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PMID:Clinical management of immigrants' immunization histories: a focus on Soviet health records and BCG. 157 76

BCG-induced modulation of humoral immune response to influenza vaccines was studied on adult volunteers and laboratory animals. Three influenza vaccine types were used: inactivated whole-virion vaccine prepared by chromatography, chemically split adsorbed vaccine and live allantoic vaccine for intranasal vaccination. According to the indices of humoral immunity against influenza such as seroconversion, frequency and intensity of antibody formation and degree of protection to subsequent administration of the vaccine virus, the BCG vaccine had a marked immunomodulating effect in combination with the adsorbed chemically split vaccine. The effect was slight in the case of the whole-virion vaccine and was absent with the live attenuated vaccine.
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PMID:Modulation of humoral immune response to influenza vaccines by BCG. 286 94

This is a brief review of the theoretical and known drug reactions with oral contraceptives. There are at least 6 possible types of drug reactions that may affect the action of oral contraceptives, not including malabsorption related to changes in intestinal motility or flora. Ampicillin is an example of an antibiotic that may cause diarrhea, thereby reducing absorption of pill steroids. The steroids in orals are subject to enterohepatic circulation, which is in turn affected by the gut flora. Antibiotics known to suppress gut flora include: penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, sulfas, neomycin and erythromycin. Although controlled clinical trials of antibiotic intake with oral contraception have not shown significant interactions, anecdotal reports of pill failures have been published. The other important drug interaction affecting contraception by orals is enhanced hepatic degradation, as seen with rifampicin. Other drugs such as cimetidine, MAO-inhibitor antidepressants, chloramphenicol, influenza or BCG vaccine, isoniazid, warfarin, metronidazole and disulfiram may delay steroid metabolism and possibly increase side effects. When prescribing drugs it is important to realize that certain drugs decrease oral contraceptive concentrations: antibiotics anticonvulsants, griseofulvin, purgatives and rifampicin.
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PMID:Pharmacologic considerations for patients taking oral contraceptives. 315 74

In the mucosal membrane of the uterine horns in Wistar white rats mainly small and middle lymphocytes (predominantly T-cells) and rather small amount of plasmocytes and macrophages are presented. After intrauterine administration of bacteria and viruses (BCG vaccine, influenza inactivated liquid vaccine of A type) the local immune reaction develops according to the cellular type with maximum at the first week, before the total immune response, with its peak occurring on the 14th day of the experiment.
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PMID:[Reaction of lymphocytes of the endometrium to the intrauterine administration of antigens]. 319 Apr 76

Experiments on mice of different strains have demonstrated that sensitization with BCG vaccine slightly increases resistance to infection with Francisella tularensis, Escherichia coli 819 and influenza A2 virus in mice of those strains which are capable of developing a high level of delayed hypersensitivity (DH). On the contrary, sensitization with Staphylococcus aureus b-243 decreases this resistance. A sharp increase in resistance to infection has been achieved in sensitized animals receiving DH-inducing specific antigen (old tuberculin or staphylococcal phagolysate) 24 hours before inoculation. This increased resistance to infection is due mainly to the eliminating capacity of the reticuloendothelial system and not to the bactericidal factors of the serum. The level of sensitization and the manifestation of DH reaction have been found to be genetically determined and to govern the degree of activation of nonspecific immunity.
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PMID:[Effect of delayed hypersensitivity due to Staphylococcus or BCG vaccine on the sensitivity of animals to infection with heterologous bacteria or influenza virus]. 390 28

Experiments in guinea pigs and rabbits have shown that simultaneous immunization against influenza and tuberculosis had no effect on the reactogenic properties of both vaccines. No inhibitory effect of the BCG vaccine on the influenza virus antibody production was observed. Production of antituberculosis antibodies was the most intensive following a simultaneous immunization of animals with BCG and inactivated influenza vaccines. Both separate and simultaneous immunization conferred to animals a similar grade of protection against virulent tuberculosis mycobacteria. Application of the combined preparation "Vaxigrip" & BCG (in mixture) caused complicated local reactions and had little immunogenic effect.
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PMID:Simultaneous application of influenza chemovaccine and "Vaxigrip" preparations with BCG. 613 35

Interaction between a vaccine and a drug has been reported only with influenza vaccine and four drugs (aminopyrine, phenytoin sodium, theophylline, and warfarin sodium), and with BCG vaccine and theophylline. Some of these interactions still are unconfirmed. The underlying mechanism of the interaction is thought to be due to the vaccine (as an interferon-inducer) inactivating the hepatic cytochrome P-450 system; this results in depressed drug metabolism and reduced clearance. Because this is a nonspecific mechanism it could occur with other vaccines and it is possible that other vaccine-drug interactions are unrecognized. The clinical significance of vaccine-drug interactions is not fully determined; available evidence suggests that adverse reactions to warfarin or theophylline are rare after influenza vaccination and their possibility should not deter physicians from vaccinating those elderly patients at risk from influenza. Physicians should, however, monitor the response of these patients to medication in the immediate period following vaccination in case an adverse reaction occurs.
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PMID:Vaccine-drug interactions. 638 54

Observations made on adults in open groups have revealed that inactivated chromatographic influenza vaccine and BCG vaccine, when introduced simultaneously, retain their reactogenic and antigenic properties. The faintly pronounced stimulating effect of BCG vaccine on the formation of influenza antibodies has been noted. A decrease in the total morbidity level has been registered among the vaccinees immunized against influenza and tuberculosis simultaneously.
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PMID:[Simultaneous vaccination against influenza A and tuberculosis]. 662 8

A hundred percent protection against influenza was obtained by means of joined application of two antiinfluenza vaccines [inactivated and live ones]. At the same time complete mobilization of various specific mechanisms of protection against influenza [humoral, cellular and local] was observed. This mode of vaccination was designated for protection against influenza of persons exposed, in the course of influenza epidemics, to enhanced possibility of getting infected [medical personnel, teachers, employees of public transport, shop assistants and others]. The second complex scheme of protection - simultaneous vaccination against influenza and tuberculosis - showed and made possible nonspecific stimulation of a specific protection against influenza by BCG vaccine. As a result frequency of seroconversion with regard to influenza amounted to 96%, the increase of influenza antibodies was 21.2 fold, their mean geometrical titers [inverse value] being 182.0. Also other problems connected with elaboration of complex schemes of protection against influenza by means of inactivated vaccines were investigated. The author presents concrete proposals for enlarged mutual elaboration by specialists of member countries of CMEA [Council for mutual economic assistance] not only of new complex schemes for influenza control but also for cooperation on other problems.
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PMID:Enhancement of protection against influenza by complex prophylactic schemes. 746 14

Many infections that occur at the extremes of age are preventable by active or passive immunization. The immune response to vaccines in neonates and the elderly may be diminished when compared with other age groups, however this is usually outweighed by the benefits of providing protection at the age when the need is greatest. Immunoprophylactic agents used at birth include BCG vaccine, oral polio vaccine, varicella-zoster immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine and immunoglobulin. In the elderly, influenza, pneumococcal and tetanus vaccines are often indicated, although the uptake in this age group is poor in comparison with neonates.
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PMID:Immunoprophylaxis at extremes of age. 784 68


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