Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: KEGG:D02448 (Fansidar)
 243 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In Viet-nam, malaria rages in mountainous and wooded areas, as well as in coastal areas. In these geographical zones, the diversified features of environment have different repercussions on the development of Anopheles species. The main vector species have strict oecological requirements: An. dirus, disseminated in the forests, colonizes stagnant and shaded water, such as rain water collected in ground dips and in cavities of trees and rocks; An. minimus selects its breeding-sites in pure and slightly current streamlets, in the hilly areas. On the contrary, An. sundaicus, first-rate coastal vector, adjusts itself to diversified biotopes, which nevertheless all have common features: saltiness of water (optimum 1-7 g NaCl/litre), faint sunning, stagnant or slightly current water, with floating green algae (Ceratophyllum, Najas). P. falciparum prevails in the wooded areas (P. f.: 75%; P. v.: 25%); but in the coastal areas where Anopheles hyrcanus pullulates, P. vivax reaches the same ratios as P. falciparum. In Viet-nam, the prevention and antimalarial fight are centred on three measures: diagnosis, treatment and watching of diseases, antivectorial fight, antimalarial fight combined with first medical care. Owing to the spreading of P. falciparum chemoresistance to chloroquine (27 to 76%) and to Fansidar (22 to 83%), we had to have recourse to new antimalarials: artemisinine and artesunate tested in several regions of the country (tests in vitro and in vivo during 28 days) revealed their high schizonticidal capacity, but the recrudescence reached 30 to 50%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Malaria in Vietnam. Environment, prevention and treatment]. 781 9

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method using acetonitrile-methanol-(1M) perchloric acid-water (30:9:0.8:95, v/v/v/v) at a flow of 1.5 ml min-1 on mu-Bondapak C18 column with UV (254 nm) detection has been developed for the separation of sulphadoxine, sulphalene and sulphamethoxazole from other antimalarials. Calibration curves were linear in the range 0.5-100 micrograms ml-1. The limit of quantitation was 50 ng ml-1. Within-day and day-to-day coefficients of variation averaged 2.1 and 6.45%, respectively. The extraction recovery of sulphadoxine from plasma, red blood cells and whole blood was 90.28, 92.05 and 94.69%, respectively. The method has been used for the determination of sulphadoxine concentrations in plasma, red blood cells and whole blood of eight healthy and 50 Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases after administration of two tablets of Fansidar. Mean sulphadoxine concentration in plasma was higher than red blood cells or whole blood. Sulphadoxine concentration in plasma and whole blood of P. falciparum malaria cases was significantly higher as compared to healthy volunteers while it was the same in red blood cells. Sulphadoxine was absorbed much less in red blood cells than in plasma or whole blood.
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PMID:Sulphadoxine concentrations in plasma, red blood cells and whole blood in healthy and Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases after treatment with Fansidar using high-performance liquid chromatography. 784 Dec 29

In Al Ain District located in the Abu Dhabi Emirate of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), clinicians at the Al Ain General Hospital outpatient clinic conduct a medical examination of and take blood samples from all new immigrants applying for resident or work permits. All persons with malaria receive 600 mg chloroquine phosphate at the clinic (day 0) and a prescription for another 600 mg for day 1 and 300 mg on day 2. The malaria cases are to return to the clinic on day 3. Entomologists record mosquito larval counts at all field sides and conduct susceptibility tests in the laboratory. The malaria control program applies a larvicide on breeding sites and uses pyrethroids to eliminate adult flying insects. In 1981, local transmission of malaria ceased. During 1988-1991, 4.7-9.1% of the population was slide-positive for malaria. This incidence rate is high enough to introduce imported malaria into the local anopheline mosquito population, should malaria control activities be reduced. Pakistanis, UAE nationals, and Omanis comprise most malaria cases (36.3-56.6%, 12.8-21.9%, and 15.7-25.3%, respectively). The immigrants tend to visit their home countries, where they acquire malaria. All UAE nationals acquire it while on holiday in or traveling to endemic areas, especially Oman. In 1991, out of 1150 cases, the leading sources of malaria were clearly Pakistan (576) and Oman (526). Most slide-positive children are either Omanis or part of UAE families with relatives across the border in Oman. Plasmodium falciparum, mostly from Pakistan and Oman, is responsible for 69.5% of malaria cases. The Indian subcontinent is the source of most P. vivax cases. Beginning in 1987, the number of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum cases increased from 9 to 302. The leading sources of resistant cases originate from Oman (160), Pakistan (100), and Sudan (26). All chloroquine-resistant cases except one responded to Fansidar. Factors that may disturb effective malaria control efforts in this new agriculture area are rapid development of water resources and the undemarcated border with Oman.
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PMID:Status of imported malaria in a control zone of the United Arab Emirates bordering an area of unstable malaria. 829 56

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method using a mobile phase of acetonitrile-methanol-trifluoroacetic acid-water (16.1:7.2:0.1:76.6, v/v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml min(-1) on a LiChrospher RP-18 column with UV (254 nm) detection has been developed for the separation of sulfadoxine and its metabolite N-acetyl sulfadoxine in plasma. No interferences due to endogenous compounds or common antimalarial drugs were noticed. The limit of detection for sulfadoxine and N-acetyl sulfadoxine was 0.01 microg ml(-1) with a signal-to-noise ratio of 5:1 while the limit of quantification was 2.5 microg ml(-1). Intra-day mean relative standard deviations (RSD's) for sulfadoxine and N-acetyl sulfadoxine were 2.6 and 2.8%, respectively, while mean inter-day RSD's for sulfadoxine and N-acetyl sulfadoxine were 2.4 and 2.8%, respectively. Extraction recoveries averaged 90.6% for sulfadoxine and 86.9% for N-acetyl sulfadoxine. The method was applied for the assay of sulfadoxine and its metabolite N-acetyl sulfadoxine in plasma from Plasmodium falciparum malaria patients. Mean plasma sulfadoxine concentrations on day 2 (51 h) from samples collected from sensitive and resistant P. falciparum patients treated with three tablets of Fansidar were 62.8 and 60.5 microg ml(-1), respectively. Mean ratio of N-acetyl sulfadoxine to sulfadoxine was 9.1% for responders and 13.9% for non-responders which revealed that higher amounts of the metabolite N-acetyl sulfadoxine were present in non-responders. The method described should find an application in the therapeutic monitoring of malaria patients.
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PMID:High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of sulfadoxine and N-acetyl sulfadoxine in plasma from patients infected with sensitive and resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. 1799 67