Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D02448 (Fansidar)
 243 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Malaria is largely preventable, so travelers should be taught general protective measures and given appropriate chemoprophylaxis before they leave on their trip. Chloroquine phosphate (Aralen) is still the drug of choice in locations where malaria remains chloroquine-sensitive. However, chloroquine-resistant areas infested with Plasmodium falciparum are becoming more numerous. In such areas, mefloquine hydrochloride (Lariam), doxycycline, or proguanil (Paludrine) (obtainable outside the United States) may be used. A single dose of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar) may be used to treat presumptive malarial infection if medical care is not immediately available. For prevention of relapse of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale infection, primaquine phosphate is recommended for the final 2 weeks of chemoprophylaxis on return from a malarious area.
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PMID:Prophylaxis for malaria. Helping world travelers come home healthy. 151 52

The A.A. weight present criteria of choice in order to set right a correct and effective anti-malarial prophylaxis. In the last ten years, a progressive increase of tropical diseases has been observed. This is due to the considerable growth of intercontinental traffic and of the number of persons moving to or from tropical areas where such diseases are endemic. Among these, malaria represent the most alarming problem, both because of the incidence cases and the difficulties related to the efficacy of pharmacological remedies for the chemoprophylaxis. In particular, three are now various pharmacological possibilities for malarial prophylaxis. Undoubtedly Chloroquine is the most efficacious even if there are many Plasmodium falciparum species resistant to Chloroquine and to other available medicines (multi-resistance). Most authors recommend to associate Chloroquine to others pharmacological substances to avoid pharmaco-resistance phenomena. Among the most famous pharmacological products used elsewhere are Fansidar, Maloprim, Paludrine and Lapudrine, not all are available in Italy. In China, for the therapy of resistant forms of malaria, the Qinghaosu a "schizont-killer" acting on multiresistant plasmodium falciparum has been utilizing for years. The Qinghaosu is not responsible for the crossing-reactions with other anti-malarial medicines. Various substances with Ca-antagonist action (Verapamil) are being experimented. It is supposed that Verapamil associated with Chloroquine can stop the flow of chlorine from plasmodium cells. The same mechanism is expected to be valid also for Desipramine, an experimental tricyclic anti-depressive when associated to Chloroquine. To the people moving to endemic areas, the A.A., at the end, suggest a series of practical norms to prevent infection and, therefore, the incidence of imported cases, still increasing at the moment, due to the absence of efficacious vaccine.
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PMID:[A current problem: the prevention of malaria]. 248 2

In different countries opinions differ as to which chemotherapeutic methods should be used for malaria prophylaxis. It has long been the opinion of the Nordic countries, that WHO should give an official recommendation and the result is reflected now in the publication "Vaccination certificate requirements and health advice for internation travel." The malaria-endemic regions of the world are divided into 3 categories: regions without risk and no need for prophylaxis, low risk regions (A) with predominantly vivax inflections, risk regions (B) with predominantly chloroquine sensitive P. falciparum, and high risk regions (C) with often both chloroquine as well as sulfa/pyrimethamine resistance. Chloroquine is a sufficient prophylaxis for A-regions. For B-regions proguanil should be added and for C-regions only mefloquine is given. Proguanil was reintroduced basically because of Swedish research results in Liberia. An American initiative recommends for all regions, A-C, chemorprophylaxis as an alternative. However, a precondition is an observant traveller and clear instructions for self-treatment. Travellers who fall ill in a B-region should choose between Fansidar, mefloquine and quinine for self-treatment. Mefloquine has the least serious side effects, whereas quinine is therapeutically more safe. Fansidar very seldom gives any side effects. For C-regions only mefloquine is recommended for self-treatment. Nordic colleagues have recommended to double prophylaxis (chloroquine + Paludrine) treatment for the entire African tropical region. For short-time travellers to Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, 6 tablets Lariam should be added. Only chloroquine is recommended for India and the Amazon region of South America. No chemoprophylaxis can guarantee full protection. Insect protection is therefore more important than ever. Malaria decreases the unspecific immune defense system. Surprisingly, repeated tests have shown that the AIDS frequency is not higher in patients with chronic malaria than for persons without plasmodia in the blood. In WHO's new little yellow booklet, a page concerning prophylaxis against AIDS appears. Equipment that is not new should be steamed or cooked for a least 20 minutes or treated with chemical disinfectants for at least 30 minutes. These measures should be enough to prevent HIV-infection.
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PMID:[Malaria and HIV prevention in WHO's "little gem"]. 338 44