Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D02448 (Fansidar)
 243 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of chloroquine, amodiaquine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (SP) (Fansidar) on the infection rate and density of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes were studied in 198 patients with falciparum malaria from an area in the Punjab where malaria is endemic but seasonally transmitted. One month following treatment of 100 patients, SP had reduced the gametocyte carrier rate from 37% to 6% and the mean gametocyte density from 80 to 1.4 per mm3 of blood. Chloroquine and amodiaquine were much less effective. Since SP has no gametocytocidal properties and the reduction in gametocytes coincided with clearance of asexual parasitemias, gametocytes were probably reduced subsequent to the cure of the asexual malaria infections. If used during the nontransmission season, SP might be an effective component of an integrated program for reducing malaria transmission in the Punjab and other areas where 4-aminoquinoline-resistant and SP-sensitive falciparum malaria exists.
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PMID:Effects of chloroquine, amodiaquine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine on Plasmodium falciparum gametocytemia. 351 44

Sixty-eight cases of vivax and 30 cases of falciparum malaria patients were treated with a combination of sulfamonomethoxine-pyrimethamine (MP tablet with 500 mg of sulfamonomethoxine and 25 mg of pyrimethamine) and the results were compared with those with chloroquine, Fansidar and quinine. Vivax malaria: Fever and parasites were cleared by the 4th day of treatment in 94 and 92% of the patients, respectively. Chloroquine was the most effective drug and Fansidar and MP tablets shared the next position. Falciparum malaria: Fever and asexual parasites were cleared by the 4th day of treatment in 67 and 78% of the patients, respectively. MP tablets were effective in chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria contracted in Kalimantan (Indonesia) and Oceanian countries (Vanuatu etc.). Fever and parasite clearance times were shorter with chloroquine or with Fansidar than with MP tablets. Defective preschizonts used to appear following administration of MP tablets both in vivax and falciparum malarias. They were the premonitory laboratory indications that the asexual parasites will be soon eradicated.
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PMID:A combination of sulfamonomethoxine and pyrimethamine versus other drugs for the treatment of malaria. 354 42

We report on a 72-year-old man suffering from transient acantholytic dermatosis (TAD). The histologic pattern resembled that of Darier's disease. The disorder first set on after an episode of intensive exposure to sunlight and persisted for 6 years. The only drug the patient took during this period was the prophylactic antimaterial preparation, Fansidar. His sensitivity to UVB radiation was markedly increased. After Fansidar was replaced by Resochin, the skin cleared up. After one year the sensitivity to UVB had normalized.
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PMID:[Persistent acantholytic dermatosis with increased light sensitivity]. 359 Sep 11

Sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to several antimalarial drugs was determined by in vitro and in vivo tests. Chloroquine resistance in vitro was detected in 97 of 101 patients from different geographic areas of Colombia. Sensitivity to amodiaquine in vitro was observed in 29 of 30 P. falciparum isolates. In vitro sensitivity to amodiaquine was observed in 16 patients infected with chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum. In vitro sensitivity to quinine was demonstrated in 57 P. falciparum isolates. Two infections from the Amazon base (2/24) were resistant to mefloquine in vitro at concentrations of 5.7 and 16 pmol/well. Resistance to Fansidar, a sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination, was described in 9 patients from the Amazon region. One patient showed recrudescence of the infection 41 days after treatment. The current distribution and degree of resistance of P. falciparum to widely used antimalarial drugs requires the evaluation of therapeutic schemes based on combinations of fast blood schizontocides with slow acting drugs. These associations may reduce the development of multidrug-resistant isolates and retard the spread of resistant populations of P. falciparum parasites.
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PMID:Sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs in Colombia. 389 99

A decreased chloroquine (Resochin) sensitivity of strains of Plasmodium falciparum in certain areas of East Africa has given rise to an inappropriate change of chemoprophylaxis to pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar). Falciparum malaria occurred in five tourists during or after Fansidar prophylaxis. A therapeutic chloroquine-R2-resistance was observed in one seriously ill patient. In some patients the course of disease was prolonged to such an extent that the diagnosis could be established only after as much as 4 months after the end of the journey. This was in part surely caused by intake of anti-plasmodial drugs such as sulfonamides, tetracyclines and co-trimoxazol. The high mortality of falciparum malaria of nearly 10% in this country does not depend on the choice of drug prophylaxis or on problems of resistance, but still on a missed or delayed diagnosis.
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PMID:[Falciparum malaria in East African tourists in spite of fansidar prevention. A contribution on increased chloroquine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine resistance in areas of East Africa]. 633 9

109 (9.8%) of 1103 malaria patients examined in Sabah were deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). 69 of these G6PD-deficient patients were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatment regimes with chloroquine, chloroquine and primaquine, or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar). No hemolysis was observed in the 1st group; except for a single mild case, no case of hemolysis was seen in the 3rd group. However, in the 2nd group of 23 patients, hemolysis occurred in 7 of 16 patients who had complete G6PD deficiency. Of these 7, 5 required blood transfusion and the other 2 developed acute renal failure, 1 even requiring peritoneal dialysis. In the Fansidar group, 4 of 22 patients took more than 15 days to clear the parasitemia. Chloroquine resistance to falciparum infection was common in the patients given this antimalarial drug.
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PMID:The treatment of malaria in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient patients in Sabah. 732 35

The possible influence of maternal malaria prophylaxis on infancy malaria was assessed in 241 infants. Mothers of 91 infants (PROG-cohort), 99 infants (CQ-cohort) and 51 infants (CQ+PROG-cohort) had received prophylaxis with daily proguanil, once weekly chloroquine, and the two drug combination respectively. Blood smears of infants were examined for parasitaemia once fortnightly. Parasitaemias were treated with either amodiaquine, Fansidar, or Fansidar-quinine combination. In all cohorts, the incidence of malaria parasitaemias within 3 months of age was high (overall mean = 63%). Chloroquine released from its tissue bound form in the CQ and CQ+PROG-cohorts did not have significant chemosuppressive effects on the parasitaemias. Acknowledging that the CQ-prophylaxis group simulated the hypothetical control group, the cohorts similarity in the pattern of parasitaemias suggested that effective maternal malaria chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy did not significantly influence infancy malaria. A sharp rise in incidence around 3 months was indicative of the waning effect of passive immunity. Sole dependence on sub-optimal active immunity led to another sharp rise in incidence from 9 months onwards. The high incidence of infancy malaria parasitaemias calls for increased vigilance in their early detection and effective treatment. Social-cultural factors within the communities may constrain effective disease management.
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PMID:Malaria chemosuppression during pregnancy. VI. Some epidemiological aspects of malaria in infants. 816 27

To provide revised guidance on malaria prevention for the medical advisers of travellers from the United Kingdom going overseas to malarious areas, a committee of those most involved in giving advice and with specialist expertise in the United Kingdom agreed a policy document. There is a need for all travellers to be aware of the risk of malaria and to take measures to avoid being bitten by anopheline mosquitos, especially at night. Chemoprophylaxis is recommended also for most malarious areas. In view of the increasing prevalence of strains of Plasmodium falciparum resistant to chloroquine and proguanil, mefloquine is added to the list of recommended drugs for more areas than in the past, and is the preferred chemoprophylactic for east and central Africa. Chloroquine with proguanil continues to be widely appropriate. Detailed recommendations are given for each country. Travellers out of reach of prompt medical assistance are advised to carry treatment doses of a standby drug: halofantrine, Fansidar, or quinine. The need for full compliance with any regimen is emphasised. No prophylaxis is totally effective. Malaria must be considered in the differential diagnosis of any fever in someone who has visited an endemic area within the past year.
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PMID:Prophylaxis against malaria for travellers from the United Kingdom. Malaria Reference Laboratory and the Ross Institute. 817

Chloroquine can no longer be recommended as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in several parts of Africa because of the increasing prevalence of chloroquine resistance. However, chloroquine was a highly effective treatment for malaria not only because of its ability to kill parasites quickly but also because it is an anti-inflammatory drug. Therefore, we have investigated whether Fansidar (pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine) plus chloroquine is a more effective treatment for uncomplicated malaria than Fansidar alone. Four hundred and five Gambian children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria were studied in a randomized controlled trial. Significantly more children treated with Fansidar alone, compared to those treated with Fansidar plus chloroquine (19/203 vs. 2/202; P < 0.001), returned to the clinic with persistent symptoms during the first 3 d after treatment. Three children who had received Fansidar alone had fits, but none of the children treated with Fansidar plus chloroquine did so. At the day 7 follow-up, the parasite failure rate in the Fansidar alone group was 3/198 (1.5%), whilst in the Fansidar plus chloroquine group it was 3/201 (1.5%). At the day 28 follow-up, there was still no significant difference between the parasite failure rate in the Fansidar alone group (15/150; 10.0%) and the Fansidar plus chloroquine group (7/141; 5.0%) and the mean packed cell volume (PCV) in the 2 groups was similar. Thus, a combination of Fansidar plus chloroquine was a more effective symptomatic treatment than Fansidar given alone, but neither the parasite cure rate nor the PCV was enhanced by use of the combination.
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PMID:A trial of Fansidar plus chloroquine or Fansidar alone for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Gambian children. 969 60

The pattern of antimalarial dispensing by Patent Medicine Dealers (PMD) was studied in 17 villages of Gokana (Ogoni Land) in Rivers State of Nigeria. Of the 40 PMDs studied only eight (20%) had had formal health training and only eight could understand doctor's prescriptions. In total, 19 different types of antimalarials could be obtained from the individual ranges of antimalarials displayed by the 40 PMDs in the study. Chloroquine phosphate was the most frequently available. Twenty-three (57.5%) of PMDs administered Chloroquine at below the recommended dose of this drug. Twelve (30%) PMDs, eight with formal training and four others, administered the correct dose whilst five (12.5%) gave too much. All 40 of the PMDs studied knew how to dispense Daraprim and Fansidar correctly. We conclude that malaria control through prevention and treatment would be more effective if PMDs were to receive training on antimalarial dispensing alongside Community Health Workers.
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PMID:Antimalarials dispensing pattern by patent medicine dealers in rural settlements in Nigeria. 1096 92


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