Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D02259 (NaI)
 1,823 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Survival curves for the mycleium of Aspergillus flavus Link var. columnaris Raper and Fennell were constructed after irradiation with gamma rays in the presence of NaCl, NaBr, NaI, KCl, KBr, KI, CaCl2, CaBr2, CaI2, Ca(NO3)2, NaNO2, NaNO3, KNO2, iodoacetic acid, iodoacetamide and vitamin K5. In addition iodized salt was also tested. All the chemicals tested exhibited initial toxicity at zero dose. However, most of the chemicals demonstrated a synergism when present during irradiation. Compounds containing iodine were invariably the strongest radiosensitizers. The iodine present as an admixture in salt also retained its radiosensitizing character. Sodium bromide and calcium bromide behaved in a different way. The initial toxicity was reduced along with an increase in radiation dose resulting in more survival.
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PMID:Modification of the radiation resistance of Aspergillus flavus mycelial units by some chemicals. 40 4

Domestic ducks were chronically equipped with a device probing the third cerebral ventricle (VIII) for localized intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) perfusion. In conscious animals made diuretic by intravenous water loading with 1.0 ml/min hypoosmotic glucose solution (200 mOsm/kg), hyperosmotic i.c.v. stimulations were tested for antidiuretic actions. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid made hypertonic (400 mOsm/kg) by adding sucrose, mannitol, NaCl, LiCl, choline chloride, NaI, NaNO3, LiNO3, CaCl2 or MgCl2 was perfused i.c.v. for 10-15 min at rates of 10-15 microliters/min. Arterial pressure and heart rate were monitored continuously. Hyperosmotic stimulations with non-electrolytes did not induce antidiuresis. Approximately equivalent degrees of antidiuresis were elicited by Na(+)-, Li(+)- and choline salts with a tendency for moderate rises in arterial pressure. Compared to Cl(-)- and I(-)-salts, the effects of NO3(-)-salts were attenuated. Divalent cations caused prolonged antidiuresis, sometimes preceded by initial diuresis, with circulatory side effects unrelated to the changes in renal fluid excretion. It is concluded that the observed antidiuretic effects were mediated by cation-sensitive, rather than osmosensitive neurons on the brain side of the blood-brain-barrier. Their transduction mechanism might consist of poorly selective membrane channels permeable to cations but not to anions.
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PMID:Ionic responsiveness in third ventricular hypertonic stimulation of antidiuresis in ducks. 131 17

The freshwater cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 6311 is able to adapt to grow after sudden exposure to salt (NaCl) stress. We have investigated the mechanism of Na+ transport in these cells during adaptation to high salinity. Na+ influx under dark aerobic conditions occurred independently of delta pH or delta psi across the cytoplasmic membrane, ATPase activity, and respiratory electron transport. These findings are consistent with the existence of Na+/monovalent anion cotransport or simultaneous Na+/H(+)+anion/OH- exchange. Na+ influx was dependent on Cl-, Br-, NO3-, or NO2-. No Na+ uptake occurred after addition of NaI, NaHCO3, or Na2SO4. Na+ extrusion was absolutely dependent on delta pH and on an ATPase activity and/or on respiratory electron transport. This indicates that Na+ extrusion via Na+/H+ exchange is driven by primary H+ pumps in the cytoplasmic membrane. Cells grown for 4 days in 0.5 M NaCl medium, "salt-grown cells," differ from control cells by a lower vmax of Na+ influx and by lower steady-state ratios of [Na+]in/[Na+]out. These results indicate that cells grown in high-salt medium increase their capacity to extrude Na+. During salt adaptation Na+ extrusion driven by respiratory electron transport increased from about 15 to 50%.
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PMID:NMR studies on Na+ transport in Synechococcus PCC 6311. 131 38

The permselectivity of the upper portion of long descending limb of Henle (LDLu) was investigated with electrophysiological methods in the isolated perfused tubule preparation of hamster kidney. The diffusion potential (Vt) was determined in three different protocols. In protocol 1, the tubules were initially perfused with modified Krebs Ringer's solution on both sides of the epithelium. Then the bath solution was exchanged consecutively with another solution in which 50 mmol/l NaCl replaced by 50 mmol/l KCl, RbCl, NH4Cl, CsCl, LiCl, NaBr, NaNO3, NaI, Na acetate or 75 mmol/l NaCl replaced by mannitol. The permeabilities for these ions relative to chloride were calculated by Goldman's constant field equation. The segment was found to be cation selective, with all cations being 5-9 times more permeable than all anions. The sequence of permeability was K+ greater than Rb+ greater than Li+ greater than NH+4 = Cs+ greater than or equal to Na+ much greater than Cl- greater than or equal to Br- greater than or equal to NO3- greater than or equal to I- greater than Acetate-. In protocol 2, pure 150 mM NaCl was used for the basal solution to avoid interference by other ions. The bathing solution was exchanged by other solutions which contained 150 mmol/l KCl, NH4Cl, CsCl, RbCl, LiCl, NaI, NaBr, NaNO3, Na acetate or 75 mmol/l NaCl with mannitol. Thus simple biionic substitution was performed. Again, the segment was found to be cation selective, with all cations being 4-10 times more permeable than all anions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Permselectivity for cations over anions in the upper portion of descending limbs of Henle's loop of long-loop nephron isolated from hamsters. 242 Dec 43

The present study reports the ion dependency of 2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-fluorophenyl)[3H]tropane ([3H]CFT) binding to the dopamine transporter in the rat striatum. The results indicate that [3H]CFT binding to synaptosomal P2 membranes requires low concentrations of Na+ (peak binding between 20 and 50 mM Na+), is stimulated by phosphate anion or I-, but is unaffected or only slightly affected by F-, Cl-, Br-, NO3-, or SO(4)2-. Concentrations of Na+ of > 50 mM become inhibitory except in the presence of I-, which shifts peak binding levels toward higher Na+ concentrations and also elevates the peak binding level. K+ strongly decreased [3H]CFT binding with a shallow inhibition curve, and Na+ could not overcome this effect. Saturation analysis of [3H]CFT binding revealed a single binding site changing its affinity for CFT depending on the concentration of sodium phosphate buffer (6, 10, 30, 50, 130, or 200 mM; 1 mM plus 49 mM NaCl versus 10 mM plus 40 mM NaCl; or 1 mM plus 129 mM NaI versus 10 mM plus 120 mM NaI). No differences were observed in the density of CFT binding sites between any of the conditions examined.
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PMID:Cationic and anionic requirements for the binding of 2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-fluorophenyl)[3H]tropane to the dopamine uptake carrier. 851 63

Fibers of the frog glossopharyngeal nerve that are sensitive to water stimulation also respond to Ca, Mg and Na salts. During stimulation with a salt, the cation and the anion are applied together and the anion could influence the response to the cation. We examined this interaction using single unit recordings at the level of fungiform papilla. Nerve impulses of large amplitude were recorded in response to the stimulation of adjacent papillae with increasing concentrations of various Ca, Mg and Na salts. For a given cation, the elicited spike frequency depended on the anion. For example, the responses of single fibers to Ca2+ concentrations above 0.1 mM were maximal with CaSO4 and minimal with Ca(SCN)2. The rank order of efficiency was CaSO4 > CaCl2 = CaBr2 = Ca(NO3)2 > Ca(SCN)2 for Ca2+ ions at 5 mM. The effects of these anions were reversed for Mg and Na salts, the rank orders being Mg(SCN)2 > Mg(NO3)2 > MgBr2 = MgCl2 > MgSO4, for Mg2+ ions at 200 mM, and NaSCN > NaI > NaNO3 > NaBr > NaCl >> NaF = Na2SO4, for Na+ ions at 500 mM. All these sequences correspond to the lyotropic rank order of the anions. In stimulation by a mixture of Ca and Na salts, which have different rank orders with respect to anions, either the response to Ca2+ ions or the response to Na+ ions could be eliminated as a result of mutual antagonism between Ca2+ and Na+ ions. In this case, the rank order of anions was dependent only on the cation that was able to exert a stimulatory effect in the mixture. Threshold concentrations for Ca, Mg and Na salts are influenced by cationic properties, but not by anionic properties. We hypothesize that anions can modulate the efficacy of cation transduction by binding to a membrane element that interacts with each of the three distinct receptors for Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ ions without altering the affinities of these receptors for the respective cations. The present results cannot be interpreted in terms of permeability of the apical membrane to anions and changes in surface potential on the apical membrane. The possibility is discussed that an anion-selective paracellular pathway between taste cells is responsible for the effect of anions on the cation-induced response.
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PMID:Anions modulate cation-induced responses of single units of the frog glossopharyngeal nerve. 897 52

To measure the concentration of nitrites and nitrates by chemiluminescence, we examined the efficiency of five reducing agents [V(III), Mo(VI) + Fe(II), NaI, Ti(III), and Cr(III)] to reduce nitrite (NO2-) and (or) nitrate (NO3-) to nitric oxide (NO). The effect of each reducing agent on the conversion of different amounts of NO2- and (or) NO3- (100-500 pmol, representing concentrations of 0.4 to 2 mu molar) to NO was determined at 20 degrees C for NO2- and at 80 degrees C for NO3-. The effect of temperature from 20 to 90 degrees C on the conversion of a fixed amount of NO2- or NO3- (400 pmol or 1.6 mu molar) to NO was also determined. These five reducing agents are similarly efficient for the conversion of NO2- to NO at 20 degrees C. V(III) and Mo(VI) + Fe(II) can completely reduce NO3- to NO at 80 degrees C. NaI and Cr(III) were unable to convert NO3- to NO. Increased temperature facilitated the conversion of NO3- to NO, rather than that of NO2- to NO. We evaluated the recovery of NO2- and NO3- from plasmas of pig and of dog. Recovery from plasma of both animals was reproducible and near quantitative.
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PMID:Effects of reducing reagents and temperature on conversion of nitrite and nitrate to nitric oxide and detection of NO by chemiluminescence. 910 53

The dissociation of two peripheral spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) thylakoid membrane proteins, coupling factor CF1 and ferredoxin-NADP+-oxidoreductase, in the presence of chaotropic sodium salts has been investigated, using monospecific antibodies against the proteins as probes. Release of both proteins followed the Hofmeister series of anions (Cl- < NO3- < Br- < I- < SCN-). In mixtures, the different salts had an additive effect. In addition, there were also qualitative differences in the action of the anions, such that NaI and NaSCN led to a different concentration and time dependence of the dissociation of the peripheral proteins from thylakoids. An analysis of the temperature dependence of protein release showed that the more chaotropic ions reduced the activation energy required for the dissociation of the proteins from their binding sites on the membrane. The addition of sugars (glucose, sucrose, or trehalose) reduced the amount of protein released from the membranes in the presence of NaI or NaSCN.
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PMID:Release of two peripheral proteins from chloroplast thylakoid membranes in the presence of a Hofmeister series of chaotropic anions. 978 54

Understanding direct salt effects on protein crystal polymorphism is addressed by comparing different crystal forms (triclinic, monoclinic, tetragonal and orthorhombic) for hen, turkey, bob white quail and human lysozymes. Four new structures of hen egg-white lysozyme are reported: crystals grown in the presence of NapTS diffracted to 1.85 A, of NaI to 1.6 A, of NaNO(3) to 1.45 A and of KSCN to 1.63 A. These new structures are compared with previously published structures in order to draw a mapping of the surface of different lysozymes interacting with monovalent anions, such as nitrate, chloride, iodide, bromide and thiocyanate. An analysis of the structural sites of these anions in the various lysozyme structures is presented. This study shows common anion sites whatever the crystal form and the chemical nature of anions, while others seem specific to a given geometry and a particular charge environment induced by the crystal packing.
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PMID:Structural effects of monovalent anions on polymorphic lysozyme crystals. 1141 60

An electrostatic ion chromatographic (IC) method for rapid and direct determination of iodide in seawater is reported. Separation was achieved using a reversed-phase ODS packed column (250x4.6 mm I.D.) modified by coating with Zwittergent-3-14 micelles, with an eluent comprising an aqueous solution containing 0.2 mM NaClO4 and 0.3 mM Zwittergent-3-14 and using UV detection at 210 nm. Samples prepared by dissolving NaIO3, NaNO2, NaBr, NaBrO3, NaNO3, NaI, and NaSCN in artificial or real seawaters were analyzed using this IC system. Nitrite, iodate, bromide, bromate, and nitrate showed very little or no retention, while iodide and thiocyanate were well separated, being eluted within 6 and 16 min, respectively. The detection limit for iodide obtained by injecting 400 microL of sample was 0.011 microM (S/N = 3), and the precision values obtained by analyzing samples containing 0.1 or 0.3 microM iodide in real seawater samples were 2.3% RSD and 1.2% RSD, respectively. Direct determination of iodide in real seawater samples was possible using this proposed IC system.
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PMID:Rapid and direct determination of iodide in seawater by electrostatic ion chromatography. 1210 40


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