Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D02052 (Barium sulfate)
 55 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Barium sulfate was used to study postoperative hematoma formation in 17 canine bone biopsies. If the bone window was left open, x-ray films showed a time-dependent spread of barium from the bone into the soft tissues. Wound drainage and cast immobilization of the extremity minimized this spread. A methylmethacrylate plug in the cortical window blocked extraosseous spread of the barium, but did not prevent spread of the barium through the medullary space. Injection of barium through a Craig needle into the bone resulted in spread of the barium along the needle track, with little barium remaining in the bone.
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PMID:Hematoma formation after bone biopsy: a canine model. 687 91

We examined the response to the laryngeal mask (LM) compared to the endotracheal tube (ETT) in patients undergoing ambulatory anesthesia. The differences in management by the anesthesiologists for these two airways were also examined. Peripheral orthopedic procedures were studied in 44 outpatients randomized to receive a LM or ETT, and either spontaneous or controlled ventilation. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and succinylcholine intravenously (i.v.) and maintained with N2O and isoflurane. Anesthesiologists were allowed to determine ventilatory variables and anesthetic concentration. Hemodynamic and ventilatory measurements were made during the anesthesia. Barium sulfate was poured into the oropharynx after the airway was secure. Fiberoptic examination through the LM was performed at the beginning and at the end of the administration of each anesthetic. Radiographs were taken at the end of the anesthetic administration before LM or ETT removal to look for barium in the trachea. After airway removal, presence of blood on the airway, sore throat, coughing, nausea, vomiting, shivering, and amount of morphine demanded during recovery were noted. No barium in the trachea or bronchial tree was seen in any of the radiographs. The ETT was associated with greater hemodynamic response not only to airway placement (P < 0.05), but also to surgical incision (P < 0.05) and airway removal (P < 0.05). Spontaneous or controlled ventilation favored neither airway, although the ETT was associated with increased work of inspiration with controlled ventilation (P < 0.05). Anesthesiologists tended to elect smaller tidal volumes, faster ventilation rates, and lower anesthetic concentrations for patients with the LM (P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prospective comparison of use of the laryngeal mask and endotracheal tube for ambulatory surgery. 976 7

A fine needle aspirate of a neck mass in a 79-year-old man with a previous laryngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma was submitted for examination. In addition to cytologic findings of squamous cell carcinoma, there were numerous birefringent crystals of varying shapes and sizes. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis confirmed that these crystals were barium sulfate. Recognition of barium sulfate crystals in a fine needle aspiration or other cytologic specimens is important since barium granulomas may mimic neoplasms clinically. Barium sulfate may also indicate rupture of an organ or the presence of a fistula.
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PMID:Barium sulfate crystals in a fine needle aspiration biopsy specimen from a neck mass in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma. A case report. 846 43

The significance of poor medullary reperfusion in the etiology of acute tubular necrosis during renal transplantation is poorly understood. Our objective was to determine the kinetics of renal hemoglobin oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy during renal transplantation, to provide a framework against which the timing of mitochondrial dysfunction could be considered. New Zealand White rabbit kidneys were flushed with hypertonic citrate solution (0-2 degrees C and autografted immediately (group 1) or stored at 0-2 degrees C for 72 hours before autografting (group 2). Changes in oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) were monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy for 3 hours of reperfusion. Intrarenal perfusion was evaluated separately by barium sulfate angiography. Reperfusion resulted in rapid increases in HbO2 within 1 minute in both groups. Group 1 HbO2 fell sharply to a minimum at 3 minutes but recovered by 20 minutes; group 2 changes were similar, but there was no recovery (P<0.05 by 10 minutes). Hb increased rapidly in both groups upon reperfusion but in group 2 was significantly greater after 10 minutes (P<0.05). Total hemoglobin levels were similar in both groups. Renal hemoglobin saturation was 69% at 1 minute in both groups; there was no significant change in group 1 but a profound desaturation in group 2 to 25% at 10 minute (P<0.005) and no recovery thereafter. Barium sulfate distribution was normal in all group 1 kidneys; cortical distribution was normal in all group 2 kidneys, but medullary perfusion was poor for the first 60 minutes. Renal hemoglobin oxygenation kinetics as determined here do not correlate with the timing of mitochondrial dysfunction previously reported (Thorniley et al., Kidney International, 1994; 45: 1489). We conclude that secondary ischemia during reflow is not the only mechanism leading to acute tubular necrosis.
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PMID:Hemoglobin oxygenation kinetics and secondary ischemia in renal transplantation. 860 68

A fatal poisoning after oral administration of barium sulfate for contrast radiography is reported. Barium sulfate is an insoluble salt and therefore is almost nontoxic. The case described here involves a 61-year-old woman who underwent two CT scans of the digestive tract with oral administration of barium sulfate during a surgical procedure. Within several hours after the first barium swallow examination the patient presented nonspecific neurologic and cardiovascular manifestations that rapidly progressed and led to death a few days later. Laboratory findings demonstrated elevated levels of barium in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The most likely mechanism of poisoning was progressive intravasation of barium due to stasis of contrast material related to intestinal obstruction.
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PMID:Fatal poisoning due to intravasation after oral administration of barium sulfate for contrast radiography. 1066 97

Acrylic bone cement must provide good radiographic visibility and good long-term mechanical resistance in joint replacements. A new formulation of cement with 6% barium sulfate and 6% sodium fluoride was developed (Fluoride Bone Cement). Barium sulfate is a necessary addition to allow radiographic visibility although it reduces the mechanical strength of the material. Sodium fluoride promotes bone formation. However, its effect on the mechanical behavior is currently unknown while its influence on radiopacity can only be roughly estimated. The aim of this investigation was to establish if the new formulation would be suitable for clinical trials. In this respect, a mechanical (fatigue test) and radiographic (optical density measurements on x-ray films) characterization was performed on a typical commercially available cement with barium sulfate added and on the Fluoride Bone Cement. It was demonstrated that the fluoride cement has a (marginally) superior fatigue strength and comparable radiopacity to commercial radiopaque cements.
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PMID:Radiopacity and fatigue characterization of a novel acrylic bone cement with sodium fluoride. 1101 47

Calcium hydroxide (CH) is used to induce apexification in immature, pulpless teeth with wide root canals and flaring apices. Three placement methods of CH were compared in vitro, for their ability to enhance CH retention in the canal. Barium sulfate (BS), added as radiopacifier, was studied for its effects on the radiographic follow up of CH retention, as well as on the ability to detect voids in the CH. Calcium hydroxide filled teeth were kept in phosphate buffered saline-containing tubes in a shaker water bath. Radiographs were taken weekly to follow the retention or loss of the material; they were scanned and stored as digitized images. Quantitative evaluations were done on these images, using a computerized gray scale. Condensed CH was better retained in root canals than either lentulo-placed paste or commercial injected paste. Barium sulfate in the CH paste enabled better detection of voids in the paste filling the canal, however, it obscured the disappearance of CH from the canal, due to a residual radiopacity effect. The results supported (a) condensation of calcium hydroxide as a preferred method that improves its retention in wide root canals, and (b) discontinuing the use of barium sulfate as a radiopacifier in apexification procedures.
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PMID:Calcium hydroxide retention in wide root canals with flaring apices. 1147 51

Barium sulfate is an agent used widely as a contrast material for imaging studies of the gastrointestinal tract and is not inherently toxic to lung tissue. Aspiration of barium sulfate has been reported on rare occasions, but is more frequently seen in patients with underlying anatomical or neurological defects such as head and neck deformity, esophageal stricture, diverticulum or fistula. We report a previously healthy child suffered from massive aspiration of barium sulfate during the investigation of dysphagia due to an impacted foreign body in the esophagus. Massive aspiration of barium sulfate is potentially life-threatening because of mechanical interference with gas exchange. An obstruction of the esophagus should be considered in the differential diagnosis for children with acute dysphagia and barium contrast should be used with great care in such instance.
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PMID:Massive aspiration of barium sulfate during an upper gastrointestinal examination in a child with dysphagia. 1576 94

Silicon was quantitatively determined in respirable silica dusts and silica fume by FT-Raman spectroscopy using barium sulfate as an internal standard. Barium sulfate was selected as the standard as its Raman spectrum does not overlap with that of silicon and its scattering cross-section is significantly lower. This allowed silicon admixed with barium sulfate in ratios as low as 0.00003 to be detected. The laser beam was defocussed to cover the sample area. 128 scans at 4 cm(-1) resolution with 600 mW of power at the sample achieved a detection limit of 0.1 mug of silicon in a 5 mg sample. Silicon to BaSO(4) ratios in the range 0.00003-0.06 showed a near linear response with any decade change being linear. The RSD for this analytical method was +/-2%. Silica fume and respirable silica dust showed silicon concentrations to be in the range 2.6-51.5 ppm and 0.05-0.7 mg m(-3) respectively.
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PMID:Quantitative determination of silicon in silica dust by FT-Raman spectroscopy. 1896 81

Barium sulfate, BaSO4, is shown by Raman microscopy to be readily identifiable in early (1920s) industrially produced anatase (TiO2) and thus, if present, may act as a date marker for early industrial anatase. Later processes (except that for producing Titanox B) did not involve usage of barium sulfate. The matter is relevant to the possible dating of certain artwork.
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PMID:Anatase: important industrial white pigment and date-marker for artwork. 2355 76


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