Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D02052 (Barium sulfate)
 55 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We compared the effectiveness of 1 mM Geritol, 12% corn oil emulsion, Kaolin-pectin, single contrast oral barium sulfate, and effervescent granules as enteric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Five volunteers were recruited. Each volunteer ingested for examinations, separated by at least one week, either 500 ml of each of the liquid preparations or two packets of the CO2 granules (producing 400 ml of CO2 per packet). Abdominal MR images were then obtained using a 1.5 T Magnetom imager and SE 550/22, SE 2000/45/90 and FISP 40/18/40 degrees pulse sequences. The oil emulsions were best tolerated. Barium sulfate caused the greatest amount of nausea, followed by Geritol and Kaolin-pectin. With FISP 40/18/40 degrees, 60%-80% of the small bowel was well delineated using oil emulsion, Kaolin-pectin, or barium sulfate. We conclude that oil emulsion was by far the best enteric MR contrast agent in our study. Good delineation of the small bowel and pancreas can be achieved using oil emulsion and gradient echo pulse sequences. The lack of side-effects and the excellent taste make it highly acceptable to human subjects.
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PMID:Enteric MRI contrast agents: comparative study of five potential agents in humans. 177 27

Characteristics of barium sulfate contrast agents used in roentgenographic studies are described. Barium sulfate can be used as a single contrast agent in the gastrointestinal tract; it can also be used for positive contrast in studies that use air for negative contrast (double-contrast examinations). Barium sulfate can be used to opacify the GI tract in preparation for computerized tomography of the abdomen. Barium sulfate products are available in powder form or as viscous suspensions. Product formulas and barium sulfate concentrations are varied to produce adequate coating and visualization of the portion of the GI tract to be examined, and the dosage is determined by the specific procedure. Double-contrast studies delineate fine details of the GI mucosa; preparations used in these studies contain smaller barium particles than those used in single-contrast studies. Agents that produce carbon dioxide are usually administered for double-contrast studies; the gas distends the stomach or intestine so the barium can cover the entire surface. Formulations of barium sulfate products vary so that a product appropriate for the specific procedure can be selected. These products also vary in cost, ease of reconstitution, and, for oral preparations, acceptability to patients.
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PMID:Barium sulfate products for roentgenographic examination of the gastrointestinal tract. 395 84