Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: KEGG:D02052 (Barium sulfate)
 55 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We compared the effectiveness of 1 mM Geritol, 12% corn oil emulsion, Kaolin-pectin, single contrast oral barium sulfate, and effervescent granules as enteric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Five volunteers were recruited. Each volunteer ingested for examinations, separated by at least one week, either 500 ml of each of the liquid preparations or two packets of the CO2 granules (producing 400 ml of CO2 per packet). Abdominal MR images were then obtained using a 1.5 T Magnetom imager and SE 550/22, SE 2000/45/90 and FISP 40/18/40 degrees pulse sequences. The oil emulsions were best tolerated. Barium sulfate caused the greatest amount of nausea, followed by Geritol and Kaolin-pectin. With FISP 40/18/40 degrees, 60%-80% of the small bowel was well delineated using oil emulsion, Kaolin-pectin, or barium sulfate. We conclude that oil emulsion was by far the best enteric MR contrast agent in our study. Good delineation of the small bowel and pancreas can be achieved using oil emulsion and gradient echo pulse sequences. The lack of side-effects and the excellent taste make it highly acceptable to human subjects.
 ...
PMID:Enteric MRI contrast agents: comparative study of five potential agents in humans. 177 27

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the chemical composition, confirmed on X-ray diffraction analysis, of some commercially available dental gutta-percha cones. In addition, their plasticity in response to temperature variations was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Great chemical heterogeneity was found among gutta-percha cones of different origin as well as within the same brand between small and large sizes. Barium sulfate determined radiopacity, zinc oxide influenced the inherent plasticity, while an excess of gutta-percha seemed to produce brittle gutta-percha cones which were unusable in clinical practice. Differential scanning calorimetry measured accurately the thermal ranges within which gutta-percha cones show a maximal plasticity without any chemical damage. It was also possible to define the thermal optimums for heat carriers, which could lead to more appropriate use of these instruments in endodontic therapy, whatever method may be used.
 ...
PMID:Dental gutta-percha: chemical composition, X-ray identification, enthalpic studies, and clinical implications. 260 84

Barium sulfate added to bone cement to provide radiopacity has a density about four times greater than that of polymerized radiolucent bone cement. Because centrifugation might make a clinically significant change in the distribution of barium sulfate, this process was studied. Radiolucent and radiopaque Simplex-P bone cement (Howmedica, Inc., Rutherford, New Jersey) were mixed with and without cooling and centrifuged for two or four minutes at 2,000 g or 1,000 g (gravity acceleration). The density of sections of the hardened bone cement was measured using the Archimedes principle. Erythromycin and colistin were added to cement batches to test whether or not centrifugation affected the distribution of antibiotics. Direct and radiographic observation and density measurements (cooled specimens, 2,000 g, p less than 0.01) verified that barium sulfate does accumulate at the bottom of the centrifugation tubes. Thin sections of the bone cement revealed that only larger particles (20-100 micron) of barium sulfate were deposited at the bottom. No evidence of redistribution of antibiotics after centrifugation was seen. It is recommended that Simplex-P bone cement be reformulated to eliminate concern about inhomogeneities that arise from centrifugation. Further, it is recommended that cooled, centrifuged antibiotic cement be used for long-stem revision hip surgery, where longer setting times are necessary, and room temperature cement for "fresh" hip surgery. A total centrifuge time of two minutes with a 2,000 g maximum force is recommended.
 ...
PMID:Variations in the density of bone cement after centrifugation. 372 95

Barium sulfate-contrast medium was instilled into the peritoneal cavity of three rats and three dogs and thus a (aseptic) barium peritonitis was induced. The experiments show that barium sulfate here causes not only local reaction but important is its general deleterious effect dependent on its quantity. This is not widely appreciated, yet seems to be an intoxication. Barium sulfate-medium only may be considered non toxic as long as staying in the intestinal tract.
 ...
PMID:[Barium peritonitis in animal experiments (rat, dog)]. 381 89

Controversy prevails regarding the same-day performance of barium enema examinations and endoscopy. Concerns focus upon the diagnostic quality of the postendoscopy barium enema and the risk of perforation if colorectal biopsy is performed during the endoscopy. Results of a study of 295 patients support that rigid or fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy can be performed the same day as single- or double-contrast barium enemas without adversely affecting the quality or interpretation of the barium examination. Animal studies suggest that a barium enema may be performed safely immediately after a superficial biopsy of a nondiseased colon and 6 days after a deep biopsy. Barium sulfate appears to have no deleterious effect on the healing of colorectal biopsy sites. These findings have important implications when considering health care logistics and cost containment.
 ...
PMID:Current perspectives in colon radiography: the postendoscopy and postbiopsy barium enema. 389 53

Characteristics of barium sulfate contrast agents used in roentgenographic studies are described. Barium sulfate can be used as a single contrast agent in the gastrointestinal tract; it can also be used for positive contrast in studies that use air for negative contrast (double-contrast examinations). Barium sulfate can be used to opacify the GI tract in preparation for computerized tomography of the abdomen. Barium sulfate products are available in powder form or as viscous suspensions. Product formulas and barium sulfate concentrations are varied to produce adequate coating and visualization of the portion of the GI tract to be examined, and the dosage is determined by the specific procedure. Double-contrast studies delineate fine details of the GI mucosa; preparations used in these studies contain smaller barium particles than those used in single-contrast studies. Agents that produce carbon dioxide are usually administered for double-contrast studies; the gas distends the stomach or intestine so the barium can cover the entire surface. Formulations of barium sulfate products vary so that a product appropriate for the specific procedure can be selected. These products also vary in cost, ease of reconstitution, and, for oral preparations, acceptability to patients.
 ...
PMID:Barium sulfate products for roentgenographic examination of the gastrointestinal tract. 395 84

Intragastric administration of barium sulfate to albino rats did not produce deaths until the dose reached 25% to 40% of body weight. Death was due to stomach rupture or to bowel obstruction followed by gastrointestinal hemorrhage and generalized arteriovenous thromboses which produced further toxic changes in many body organs. Barium sulfate does not appear to be a factor of significance in the acute toxicity of tannic acid-barium sulfate formulations used in diagnostic radiology.
 ...
PMID:The acute toxicity of barium sulfate administered intragastrically. 529 54

This study describes a clinical evaluation of the Progesterone T IUD which releases a daily dose of 65 mcg of progesterone. The device is made of a copolymer of ethylene vinyl and has a transversal arm measuring 3.18 cm and a longitudinal arm 3.61 cm. The longitudinal arm contains 38 mg of natural progesterone, Barium sulfate, and silicone acetate. 146 new users of the Progesterone T were compared with 149 using the Copper 7 Gravigarde. Patients in both groups ranged in age from 17-40 years with an average of 27.2 for Progesterone T and 27.1 for Copper 7 users. Parity ranged from 1-11 with an average of 2.8 for the Progesterone T group and from 1-10 with an average of 2.7 for the Copper 7 group. The average number of spontaneous abortions was .7 for the Progesterone T group and .5 for the Copper 7 group. The groups were also comparable in previous contraceptive usage. In another study, 51 Lippes Loop D users, 52 Progesterone T users, and 50 Copper 7 users were evaluated for menstrual and intermenstrual blood loss in the 3 months prior to and the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 9th, and 12th months after insertion. At the end of 12 months, the Progesterone T and Copper 7 users respectively had pregnancy rates of 1.4 and 1.5, expulsion rates of 4.2 and 5.8, rates of removal for medical reasons of 2.8 and 3.0, and continuation rates of 87.2 and 84.6. After 1569 women-months of Progesterone T use and 1558 of Copper 7 use there were no statistically significant differences. With the Progesterone T there was 1 removal for pain, 1 for pelvic inflammation, and 2 for menstrual alterations. 4 Copper 7s were removed for bleeding. The average duration of menstrual bleeding was 6.0 days with the Progesterone T and 6.2 with the Copper 7. The number of days of true bleeding were 4.8 on average for the Progesterone T and 5.3 for the Copper 7. Intermenstrual bleeding was twice as common for the Progesterone T. There was no statistically significant difference in incidence of pain reported by the 2 groups at the beginning and end of the study. Both groups had a decline in pain at the end of the study, with the Progesterone T having a slightly more pronounced decline. The average volume of menstrual blood loss increased by 87.8% after insertion of the Lippes Loop D and by 24.3% with the Copper 7 but declined by 44.5% for the Progesterone T.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of the progesterone T intrauterine device]. 676 70

Barium sulfate was used to study postoperative hematoma formation in 17 canine bone biopsies. If the bone window was left open, x-ray films showed a time-dependent spread of barium from the bone into the soft tissues. Wound drainage and cast immobilization of the extremity minimized this spread. A methylmethacrylate plug in the cortical window blocked extraosseous spread of the barium, but did not prevent spread of the barium through the medullary space. Injection of barium through a Craig needle into the bone resulted in spread of the barium along the needle track, with little barium remaining in the bone.
 ...
PMID:Hematoma formation after bone biopsy: a canine model. 687 91

We examined the response to the laryngeal mask (LM) compared to the endotracheal tube (ETT) in patients undergoing ambulatory anesthesia. The differences in management by the anesthesiologists for these two airways were also examined. Peripheral orthopedic procedures were studied in 44 outpatients randomized to receive a LM or ETT, and either spontaneous or controlled ventilation. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and succinylcholine intravenously (i.v.) and maintained with N2O and isoflurane. Anesthesiologists were allowed to determine ventilatory variables and anesthetic concentration. Hemodynamic and ventilatory measurements were made during the anesthesia. Barium sulfate was poured into the oropharynx after the airway was secure. Fiberoptic examination through the LM was performed at the beginning and at the end of the administration of each anesthetic. Radiographs were taken at the end of the anesthetic administration before LM or ETT removal to look for barium in the trachea. After airway removal, presence of blood on the airway, sore throat, coughing, nausea, vomiting, shivering, and amount of morphine demanded during recovery were noted. No barium in the trachea or bronchial tree was seen in any of the radiographs. The ETT was associated with greater hemodynamic response not only to airway placement (P < 0.05), but also to surgical incision (P < 0.05) and airway removal (P < 0.05). Spontaneous or controlled ventilation favored neither airway, although the ETT was associated with increased work of inspiration with controlled ventilation (P < 0.05). Anesthesiologists tended to elect smaller tidal volumes, faster ventilation rates, and lower anesthetic concentrations for patients with the LM (P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Prospective comparison of use of the laryngeal mask and endotracheal tube for ambulatory surgery. 976 7


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>