Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: KEGG:D02027 (Tranilast)
 205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been well known that the number of mast cells increases during the development of fibrosis in various tissues including the lung. However, the role of mast cells in fibrosis still remains obscure. In the present paper, we evidenced that pulmonary fibrosis could be induced in genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv mice as well as WBB6F1-(+/+) mice having mast cells normally by the treatment with bleomycin (BLM, 5 mg/kg, i.v., 10 days), and there was not much difference in the histological changes of lungs between the two strains. An increase in the hydroxyproline content of the lung of WBB6F1-W/Wv mice was rather higher than that of WBB6F1-(+/+) mice. Previously, we reported that tranilast, an antiallergic drug inhibiting chemical mediator release from mast cells, suppressed the development of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in ICR mice, suggesting the possibility that mast cells play certain roles in fibrosis. However, it was evidenced in the present report that tranilast suppressed BLM-induced fibrosis in WBB6F1-W/Wv mice. Tranilast neither suppressed the cytotoxic activity of BLM against KB cells and L-929 cells in vitro, nor inhibited the antitumor activity of BLM against Sarcoma-180 transplanted subcutaneously into ICR mice. Tranilast may act through suppressing BLM-induced activation of lymphoid cells including macrophage and neutrophil. These results indicate an inconsequential role of mast cells in the development of fibrosis. Increases in the number of mast cells and in histamine content of the lung, which were widely reported in the lungs of BLM-treated mice, may be the result of fibrosis.
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PMID:Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv mice and mechanism of the suppressive effect of tranilast, an antiallergic drug inhibiting mediator release from mast cells, on fibrosis. 171 9

Tranilast (N-[3,4-dimethoxycinnamonyl]-anthranilic acid) is a drug of low toxicity that is orally administered, and has been used clinically in Japan as an antiallergic and antifibrotic agent. Its antifibrotic effect is thought to depend on the inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). It has also been shown to exert antitumor effects, but its mode of action is unclear. Here, we explored the antitumor effects of tranilast in vitro and in vivo. Tranilast inhibited the proliferation of several tumor cell lines including mouse mammary carcinoma (4T1), rat mammary carcinoma stem cell (LA7), and human breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7). Tranilast blocked cell-cycle progression in vitro. In the highly metastatic 4T1 cell line, tranilast inhibited phospho-Smad2 generation, consistent with a blockade of TGF-beta signaling. It also inhibited the activation of MAP kinases (extracellularly regulated kinase 1 and 2 and JNK), which have been linked to TGF-beta-dependent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and, indeed, it blocked epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Although tranilast only partially inhibited TGF-beta production by 4T1 tumor cells, it potently inhibited the production of TGF-beta, interferon-gamma, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 by lymphoid cells, suggesting a general anti-inflammatory activity. In vivo, female BALB/c mice were inoculated with syngeneic 4T1 cells in mammary fat pads and treated with tranilast by gavage. Tranilast reduced (>50%) the growth of the primary tumor. However, its effects on metastasis were more striking, with more than 90% reduction of metastases in the lungs and no metastasis in the liver. Thus, tranilast has potential activity as an antimetastatic agent in breast cancer.
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PMID:Tranilast inhibits the growth and metastasis of mammary carcinoma. 1932 72

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme that catalyzes tryptophan degradation and induces immunosuppression. Although IDO is an important factor that allows tumors to escape from immunological attack, its effect on lymphoid malignancies has not been fully revealed. We evaluated the expression of IDO in samples from patients with B-cell malignancies. The IDO expression in the tumor samples was comparable to those in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and had mainly originated from non-B cell populations. We introduced IDO gene into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We then cultured various cell lines using CHO- or CHO-IDO-conditioned medium. Compared with the CHO medium (CHO-CM), the CHO-IDO medium (IDO-CM) decreased the viability of lymphoid cell lines but not those of the non-lymphoid lines. Next, we examined the effects of tryptophan metabolites on lymphoid tumors, and revealed that the drug N-[3',4'-dimethoxycinnamoyl] anthranilic acid (tranilast), a synthetic derivative of the tryptophan metabolite, was able to repress proliferation and dose-dependently induce cell death of lymphoid cell lines. Tranilast induced the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase, which is activated by cellular stress, in lymphoid cells. The effect of tranilast on lymphoid cells was independent of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) although tranilast has been reported to be an AhR agonist. Finally, the administration of tranilast decreased murine lymphoid tumor progression in vivo. These results indicated that IDO and tryptophan derivatives, particularly tranilast, can be tools for the therapy for lymphoid malignancies.
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PMID:The tryptophan derivative, tranilast, and conditioned medium with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-expressing cells inhibit the proliferation of lymphoid malignancies. 2557 87