Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D02011 (FAD)
 5,530 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The vitamin B2 and its coenzyme forms binding to glycogen phosphorylase b from rabbit skeletal muscle has been studied by the spectrophotometric method. The spectral properties of riboflavin, FMN and FAD bound to muscle glycogen phosphorylase b were found to be identical at the wavelengths of 300 to 500 nm. According to data on spectrophotometric titration of muscle glycogen phosphorylase b by FMN, each subunit of the enzyme contains one flavin-binding site.
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PMID:A spectrophotometric study of vitamin B2 and its coenzyme forms binding to muscle glycogen phosphorylase b. 309 32

The inhibition of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase b by FAD and its analogues with substitutes in the position 8 has been studied. The value of half-saturation, [I]0,5, for inhibitors increases in the following order: FAD (44 microM), 8 alpha-hydroxy-FAD (60 microM), 8-dimethylamino (nor)-FAD (69 microM), 8 alpha-(N-acetyl-L-cystein-S-yl)-FAD (106 microM). From the comparison of these values with those obtained earlier for FMN analogues, it follows that in the case of FAD the half-saturation value is less sensitive to modification of the position 8 in the flavin isoalloxazine ring. The existence of the glycogen phosphorylase b FAD-complex has been proved by the spectrophotometry and sedimentation methods. The positions of maxima of optical absorption of the enzyme-bound FAD in the 300-500 nm region are identical with corresponding positions for FMN. FAD has been shown to hinder the AMP-induced transition of dimeric form of the enzyme to tetrameric one.
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PMID:[Interaction of muscle glycogen phosphorylase B with flavin-adenine dinucleotide and its analogs]. 392 80

The kinetics of tryptic proteolysis of rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase b has been registered by the diminishing of protein fluorescence intensity at lambda = 335 nm (excitation at 290 nm) or by the disappearance of the enzyme activity (0.02 M Hepes buffer, pH 6.8, 37 degrees C). The first procedure showed that flavins (riboflavin, FMN, FAD) protected the enzyme against tryptic digestion. Microscopic dissociation constants for the complexes of phosphorylase b with riboflavin, FMN and FAD were calculated from dependences of the initial digestion rate on the flavin concentration. They where equal to 30 +/- 1, 15.8 +/- 0.2 and 36 +/- 1 microM, respectively. No influence of FMN on the rate of the tryptic hydrolysis of phosphorylase b was observed when using the second procedure (enzyme activity test). FMN completely prevents the formation of 69-, 81- and 85-kDa fragments during 20 min incubation of phosphorylase b with trypsin.
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PMID:Effect of flavins on the rate of proteolytic digestion of muscle glycogen phosphorylase b. 836 99

The effect of three osmolytes, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), betaine and proline, on the interaction of muscle glycogen phosphorylase b with allosteric inhibitor FAD has been examined. In the absence of osmolyte, the interaction is described by a single intrinsic dissociation constant (17.8 microM) for two equivalent and independent binding sites on the dimeric enzyme. However, the addition of osmolytes gives rise to sigmoidal dependencies of fractional enzyme-site saturation upon free inhibitor concentration. The source of this cooperativity has been shown by difference sedimentation velocity to be an osmolyte-mediated isomerization of phosphorylase b to a smaller dimeric state with decreased affinity for FAD. These results thus have substantiated a previous inference that the tendency for osmolyte-enhanced self-association of dimeric glycogen phosphorylase b in the presence of AMP was being countered by the corresponding effect of molecular crowding on an isomerization of dimer to a smaller, nonassociating state.
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PMID:Effect of osmolytes on the interaction of flavin adenine dinucleotide with muscle glycogen phosphorylase b. 1561 11