Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D02011 (FAD)
 5,530 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mitochondrial FAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH) is thought to be an important factor for glucose sensing in pancreatic beta cells. To evaluate the significance of the mGPDH gene in the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we set up primers and conditions for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the coding exons and flanking regions. Screening of 100 Japanese NIDDM patients for mutations using the PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method revealed four variants (ACA:Thr243-ACG:Thr243, CAT:His264-CGT:Arg264, GCA:Ala305-GCC:Ala305, GCA:Ala 306-TCA:Ser306). The His264-Arg264 variant was found in 36 patients, while the other variants were found in only one patient each. Neither the genotypic (chi 2 = 3.15, p = 0.21) nor the allelic (chi 2 = 2.27, p = 0.13) frequency of the His264-Arg264 mutation differed between 253 Japanese NIDDM patients and 157 non-diabetic subjects. In addition, in NIDDM patients, neither the treatment modality nor body mass index differed between those with and without this mutation. These results suggest that inherited defects at this locus do not make a major contribution to genetic susceptibility to NIDDM in the Japanese population.
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PMID:Detection of variants in the mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase gene in Japanese NIDDM patients. 908 74

The Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase MtmOIV from Streptomyces argillaceus is a 56 kDa FAD-dependent and NADPH-dependent enzyme that is responsible for the key frame-modifying step in the biosynthesis of the natural product mithramycin. Crystals of MtmOIV were flash-cooled and diffracted to 2.69 A resolution using synchrotron radiation on beamline SER-CAT 22-ID at the Advanced Photon Source. Crystals of MtmOIV are monoclinic and light-scattering data reveal that the enzyme forms dimers in solution. The rotation function suggests the presence of two dimers in the asymmetric unit. L-Selenomethionine-incorporated MtmOIV has been obtained. Structural solution combining molecular-replacement phases and anomalous phases from selenium is in progress.
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PMID:Crystallization and X-ray diffraction properties of Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase MtmOIV from the mithramycin biosynthetic pathway in Streptomyces argillaceus. 1651 Dec 25

Cowpea is an important horticultural crop in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, as well as parts of southern Europe and Central and South America. Chilling injury is a common physiological hazard of cowpea in cold chain logistics which reduce the cowpea pods nutritional quality and product value. However, the molecular mechanism involved in chilling injury remains unclear in cowpea pods. RNA-Seq and sRNA-Seq technologies were employed to decipher the miRNAs and mRNAs expression profiles and their regulatory networks in cowpea pods involved in chilling stress. Differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNA profiles were obtained based on cluster analysis, miRNAs and target genes were found to show coherent relationships in the regulatory networks of chilling injury. Furthermore, we found that numerous miRNAs and nat-siRNAs' targets were predicted to be key enzymes involved in the redox reactions such as POD, CAT, AO and LOX, energy metabolism such as ATPase, FAD and NAD related enzymes and different transcription factors such as WRKY, bHLH, MYB, ERF and NAC which play important roles in chilling injury.
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PMID:sRNAome and transcriptome analysis provide insight into chilling response of cowpea pods. 2979 49

Polyamines (PAs) are small aliphatic amines with important regulatory activities in plants. Biotic stress results in changes in PA levels due to de novo synthesis and PA oxidation. In Arabidopsis thaliana five FAD-dependent polyamine oxidase enzymes (AtPAO1-5) participate in PA back-conversion and degradation. PAO activity generates H2O2, an important molecule involved in cell signaling, elongation, programmed cell death, and defense responses. In this work we analyzed the role of AtPAO genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae pathosystem. AtPAO1 and AtPAO2 genes were transcriptionally up-regulated in infected plants. Atpao1-1 and Atpao2-1 single mutant lines displayed altered responses to Pseudomonas, and an increased susceptibility was found in the double mutant Atpao1-1 x Atpao2-1. These polyamine oxidases mutant lines showed disturbed contents of ROS (H2O2 and O2-) and altered activities of RBOH, CAT and SOD enzymes both in infected and control plants. In addition, changes in the expression levels of AtRBOHD, AtRBOHF, AtPRX33, and AtPRX34 genes were also noticed. Our data indicate an important role for polyamine oxidases in plant defense and ROS homeostasis.
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PMID:Decrease of Arabidopsis PAO activity entails increased RBOH activity, ROS content and altered responses to Pseudomonas. 3200 78