Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D02011 (FAD)
 5,530 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. The inducible type of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is considered to be a key molecule in the immune responses to bacteria, parasites, and tumors, and its gene expression is regulated by cytokines. We isolated 3 overlapping partial inducible NOS cDNA clones from a human glioblastoma cell line A-172 induced by IL-1, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma. The 3,963-bp human glioblastoma inducible NOS cDNA contained the longest open reading frame of 3,459 bp, which encoded a polypeptide of 1,153 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 131 kDa. This human inducible NOS possessed consensus recognition sites for the cofactors FMN, FAD, and NADPH and calmodulin recognition sites, and displayed 48.1% sequence identity with the endothelial type, 43.1% with the neuronal type, and 99.3% with the inducible type from hepatocytes, and 99.9% with the inducible type from chondrocytes and adenocarcinoma. An expression plasmid consisting of pSG5 expression vector and cDNA containing the entire putative coding sequence was constructed and transfected into COS-1 cells. COS-1 cells showed nitric oxide synthase activity together with a 130 kDa immunoreactive band on Western blot analysis.
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PMID:Cloning and functional expression of human inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) cDNA from a glioblastoma cell line A-172. 753 87

Nitric oxide is a short-lived biologic mediator for diverse cell types. Synthesis of an inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in murine macrophages is stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma. In human hepatocytes, NOS activity is induced by treatment with a combination of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1, interferon gamma, and LPS. We now report the molecular cloning and expression of an inducible human hepatocyte NOS (hep-NOS) cDNA. hep-NOS has 80% amino acid sequence homology to macrophage NOS (mac-NOS). Like other NOS isoforms, recognition sites for FMN, FAD, and NADPH are present, as well as a consensus calmodulin binding site. NOS activity in human 293 kidney cells transfected with hep-NOS cDNA is diminished by Ca2+ chelation and a calmodulin antagonist, reflecting a Ca2+ dependence not evident for mac-NOS. Northern blot analysis with hep-NOS cDNA reveals a 4.5-kb mRNA in both human hepatocytes and aortic smooth muscle cells following stimulation with LPS and cytokines. Human genomic Southern blots probed with human hep-NOS and human endothelial NOS cDNA clones display different genomic restriction enzyme fragments, suggesting distinct gene products for these NOS isoforms. hep-NOS appears to be an inducible form of NOS that is distinct from mac-NOS as well as brain and endothelial NOS isozymes.
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PMID:Molecular cloning and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase from human hepatocytes. 768 6