Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D02003 (NBT)
 1,323 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

194 clinical, laboratory, electrophysiologic, histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical parameters were studied through statistical analysis in 112 cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and in 26 cases of Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). It was found a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05) between the two groups concerning the age of evaluation, beginning of symptoms, difficulty in walking, running, climbing and going downstairs, frequent falling down, support to walk, localized muscle pain, stopping climb stairs, and inability to walk. Muscle biopsy showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences between the two groups regarding the intensity of connective tissue and focal adipose tissue proliferation, presence of diffuse rounded atrophic and angulated fibers, diffuse hypertrophic and splitting fibers. There were also differences regarding excessive internal fibers nuclei, hypertrophic types 1 and 2 fibers, angulated atrophic fibers and focal increasing in the NADH-TR, angulated atrophic fibers in non-specific esterase, and accumulated NBT in the periphery of fibers in succinic dehidrogenase. Isolatedly muscle biopsy gave the correct diagnosis in 52.7% of DMD cases and in 69.2% of BMD cases. Dystrophin detection by immunofluorescence (60 cases) showed: absence in 87.0% of fibers in DMD cases, and sarcolemmal membrane discontinuites in all BMD cases. The muscle biopsy diagnosis had an agreement with the dystrophin results in 82.6% of DMD cases and 71.4% of BMD cases.
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PMID:[Early differentiation between Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy: clinical, laboratory, electrophysiology, histochemical, and immunohistochemical study of 138 cases]. 130 51

1.25 (OH)2D3 is a potent inducer of differentiation of leukaemic cells into a monocytic direction. However, therapeutic application is difficult because of the development of hypercalcaemia. We examined a novel vitamin D analogue, MC 903, which is at least 100 times less effective on calcium metabolism in rats than 1.25 (OH)2D3. Using the HL-60 cell line, differentiation was measured with a comprehensive panel of qualitative and quantitative parameters. Development of monocytic cells was shown morphologically, immunophenotypically and functionally by increased capability of reducing NBT (vs cultures without MC 903, p less than 0.0001) and by qualitatively and quantitatively increased non-specific esterase activity. Furthermore, a concomitant decreased activity of myeloperoxidase and lactate dehydrogenase was noticed. In conclusion, MC 903 is a potent inducer of monocytic differentiation, comparable with 1.25 (OH)2D3 and will therefore be an interesting and potential therapeutic agent for studies in human acute leukaemia.
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PMID:Monocytic differentiation induction of HL-60 cells by MC 903, a novel vitamin D analogue. 162 69

Human monoblastoid cell line U-937 was adapted to grow in protein-free (protein-free hybridoma--PFH) medium and cloned by limiting dilution. Resulting cell subline (U-937/PF) cultured in protein-free medium was characterized by immunological, cytochemical and biochemical techniques. There were no major differences in immunophenotype (determined by FACS analysis with monoclonal antibodies directed to HLA and CD antigens) and cytochemical markers between the U-937/PF cells cultured in protein-free cell culture medium and parental U-937 cell cultured in serum-supplemented medium. Maximal cell density was slightly decreased in protein-free culture as compared to the parental cell line in FCS-supplemented medium. Cell viability and cell DNA histograms (determined by propidium iodide cytofluorimetry) showed no major differences between parental U-937 and U-937/PF cells. Phorbol ester (TPA)-induction of differentiation-associated cell markers resulted in a proliferation arrest and accumulation of G0/G1 cells in both sublines. All-trans retinoic acid and, to a lesser extent, TPA-stimulated NBT reduction was higher in parental U-937 cells cultured in serum-supplemented medium as compared to U-937/PF cells. Quantitative differences in the expression and inducibility of some cytochemical markers (beta-glucuronidase, chloroacetate esterase) were found between both examined sublines. Described U-937/PF subline cultured in a protein-free cell culture medium (PFH) appeared as a potential tool for studies of in vitro inducing agents and serum components with differentiation promoting (or inhibiting) activities.
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PMID:Human monoblastoid cell line U-937 cultured in protein-free medium: immunophenotype, cytochemical and biochemical markers. 195 65

PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from the mycelia of Coriolus versicolor (Fr.) Quel, stimulated tumor necrosis factor-induced cytotoxicity against mouse L-929 fibroblast. PSK also stimulated interferon-gamma-induced differentiation of human myelogenous leukemic U-937 and THP-1 cells. The differentiated cells had higher proportions of cells that expressed NBT-reducing activity and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity. Among four PSK subfractions, the highest molecular weight fraction (MW greater than 200 kD) had the most potent stimulating activity. This is the first report regarding direct PSK modulation of cytokine action.
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PMID:Stimulation of interferon-gamma-induced human myelogenous leukemic cell differentiation by high molecular weight PSK subfraction. 211 Apr 32

We examined the combination effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and cholera toxin and the role of cAMP in the induction of differentiation of a differentiation-insensitive U-937 clone, in which the reactivity to differentiation-inducers was decreased. IFN-gamma (100 units/ml) or cholera toxin (10(-9) M) alone only marginally induced various differentiation-associated characteristics such as NBT-reducing activity, phagocytic activity, a-naphthyl acetate esterase activity and surface markers. However, when combined with each other, they significantly induced these markers. Other cAMP-inducing agents such as prostaglandin E2, forskolin, epinephrine and isoproterenol did not induce NBT-reducing activity, either alone or in combination with IFN-gamma. However, all these cAMP-inducing agents significantly increased intracellular cAMP levels. Tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6 or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor alone did not induce NBT-reducing activity, but they could induce activity when combined with cholera toxin. These results suggest that enhancement of induction of differentiation by cholera toxin in combination with IFN-gamma or other cytokines may not be merely due to increased cAMP levels. There seems to be a transduction signal other than cAMP coupling with cholera toxin to stimulate induction of differentiation of an insensitive U-937 clone.
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PMID:Combination effects of interferon-gamma and cholera toxin on induction of differentiation of an insensitive U-937 clone. 216 23

To evaluate the effects of recombinant G-CSF and GM-CSF on RAEB and RAEB-T cells, blast cells from 6 patients were incubated in liquid culture systems with these CSFs for 7 days, and their numerical, morphological and functional changes were assessed. Both CSFs stimulated cell growth, but decreased the proportion of blast cells in 5 of the 6 cases. Karyotypic abnormalities persisted during cultivation in some cases. The CSFs also stimulated the expression of part of the esterase activities, and a positive interaction of both CSFs was seen in part. Although CSFs had no significant effects on the ability of cells to reduce NBT or to phagocytize latex particles, the results indicated that they induce partial differentiation of blast cells. It appears that such pathological cells still retain the capacity to respond to growth factors.
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PMID:Effects of recombinant G-CSF and GM-CSF on in vitro differentiation of the blast cells of RAEB and RAEB-T. 247 Jun 13

We added recombinant human gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha, 25 (OH)2D3) to the bone marrow cells from six patients with RAEB or RAEB-T in liquid suspension cultures. After cultivation for 7 to 9 days, numerical, morphological and functional changes of the cells were assessed. gamma-IFN and 1 alpha, 25 (OH)2D3 additively suppressed cell growth, especially the number of blast cells decreased. The expression of alpha-naphthylbutyrate esterase (NBE) activity appeared to be promoted but that of naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase (NAE) activity was apparently suppressed by the addition of gamma-IFN and/or 1 alpha, 25 (OH)2D3. The percentage of NBT reduction-positive cells and latex-phagocytizing cells was only slightly increased by both agents. These results indicate that gamma-IFN and 1 alpha, 25 (OH)2D3 cooperate to induce monocytoid differentiation of the patients' blast cells. Combination therapy with both agents merits further study.
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PMID:Cooperative effects of gamma-interferon and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on in vitro differentiation of the blast cells of RAEB and RAEB-T. 249 30

Cytosine-arabinoside (ARA-C) in low doses induces complete remissions in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukemia. Evidence is accumulating that these remissions are not reached by differentiation induction but through cytotoxicity. In HL60 cells differentiation was measured by a comprehensive panel of quantitative and qualitative markers of maturation. After exposure to ARA-C (10(-7) M) for 4 days HL60 cells did not mature morphologically. Cell volume increased. The increase in esterase activity was small and did not reach the amount measured in normal monocytes. There was no significant difference in latex phagocytosis and NBT reduction between cultures with and without ARA-C. HL60 cells were arrested in S-phase and clonogenic capacity persisted. The observed changes after exposure to ARA-C seem to be caused by impeded cell division while synthesis of protein continues. We conclude that ARA-C in low dose exerts its effect by halting proliferation through cytotoxic effects and not by differentiation induction.
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PMID:Low dose cytosine-arabinoside has only minimal differentiation inducing capacity in HL60 cells. 259 48

Human myeloid leukemia cells respond to various signals by differentiating to more mature cells. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a mononuclear phagocyte-derived factor, tumor necrosis factor/cachectin (TNF), on the proliferation and differentiation of the human cell lines HL-60 (promyelocytic) and U937 (monoblastic), and to characterize TNF receptors on these cells. TNF had no effect on HL-60 cell growth or thymidine incorporation, but it markedly inhibited that of U937 cells. HL-60 cells treated with TNF formed osteoclast-like polykaryons and developed nonspecific esterase positivity. In a dose-dependent fashion, TNF enhanced HL-60 cell nonspecific esterase activity, H2O2 production, NBT reduction, and acid phosphatase content. Together, TNF and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) additively and synergistically caused increases in these activities as well as the expression of HLA-DR and the monocyte antigens LeuM3 (CDw14) and OKM1 (CD11). TNF also synergistically enhanced the differentiating effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The potentiating actions of D3 of IFN-gamma on the TNF effect were maximal when the two agents were present together throughout the incubation, and pretreatment with TNF augmented the subsequent response to D3, but not IFN-gamma. HL-60 and U937 cells bound 125I-labeled TNF specifically, rapidly, and reversibly with binding constants of 227 and 333 pmol/L and receptors per cell of 4,435 and 6,806 for HL-60 and U937, respectively. Scatchard plots were linear, which suggested single classes of receptors. HL-60 TNF receptors were not changed by a three-day treatment with IFN-gamma or D3. U937 and HL-60 cells internalized and degraded 125I-labeled TNF to comparable degrees. TNF has differing effects on HL-60 and U937 cells that are apparently mediated through comparable high-affinity TNF receptors. The unique responses of different cell types to TNF may be due to postreceptor factors.
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PMID:Receptor-mediated monocytoid differentiation of human promyelocytic cells by tumor necrosis factor: synergistic actions with interferon-gamma and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. 282 May 33

Natural or recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced NBT-reducing activity of ML-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induced NBT-reducing activity only marginally. However, when IFN-gamma was combined with TNF, induction of NBT-reducing activity was remarkably increased. IFN-alpha or -beta had almost no effect on the induction of NBT-reducing activity of ML-1 cells, either alone or in combination with TNF. Treatment with both TNF and IFN-gamma synergistically enhanced morphological changes, growth inhibition and activity of Fc receptors, and NBT reduction in ML-1 cells, but not phagocytic activity. The TNF treated cells were classified as macrophage-like by morphology, and by lineage-specific alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase stain. The results indicate that combinations of TNF and IFN-gamma act synergistically in the induction of differentiation of human myeloblastic ML-1 cells.
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PMID:Synergism of tumor necrosis factor and interferon-gamma in induction of differentiation of human myeloblastic leukemic ML-1 cells. 310 15


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