Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D02003 (NBT)
 1,323 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data presented here indicate that freshly fractured silica exhibits surface characteristics and biologic reactivity distinct from aged silica, and on this basis we propose that these surface features may lead to enhanced manifestations of lung injury. Grinding of silica produces approximately 10(18) Si and Si-O (silicon-based) radicals per gram of dust on the particulate surface which are characterized by an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum centered around g = 2.0015. These silicon-based radicals react with aqueous media to produce OH radicals, which are demonstrable using a DMPO spin trap. The concentration of silicon-based radicals in silica decreases with aging in air and exhibits a half-life of approximately 30 h, whereas its ability to generate OH radicals in aqueous solution decreases with a half-life of approximately 20 h. However, on storage in aqueous media, the concentration of silicon-based radicals and the dust's ability to generate OH radicals decrease significantly within a few minutes. Freshly ground silica is also more biologically reactive than aged silica, because freshly crushed silica activates a greater respiratory burst in alveolar macrophages than aged silica, i.e., storage of ground dust in air decreases silica-induced superoxide anion secretion, hydrogen peroxide release, and NBT reduction by 25%, 68%, and 43%, respectively. Furthermore, compared to aged silica, freshly ground silica exhibits a greater cytotoxic effect on cellular membrane integrity, i.e., a 1.5-fold increase in LDH release from macrophages, a 36-fold increase in hemolytic activity, and a three-fold increase in the ability to induce lipid peroxidation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Generation of free radicals from freshly fractured silica dust. Potential role in acute silica-induced lung injury. 284 48

Tumor cells (AH130 hepatoma cell originated from rat) were injected intraportally into Donryu rats to produce liver metastases 21 days later. Phagocyte cells activity was depressed by the administration of Silica, which significantly increased the number of surface liver metastases. Phagocyte cells were stimulated by beta 1-3-glucan, which significantly reduced the number of metastases. And the administration of free radical scavenger (SOD, Catalase) increased the number of metastases. Non parenchymal cells (NPC) of the liver play a main role of self defence line for portally liver metastases. Then free radical from these cells were noticed in this study. NPC were isolated, from pronase perfused rat liver. O2- production by activated NPC was measured by chemiluminescence with CLA. NPC activated by beta 1-3-glucan added sera increased the luminescence of CLA, and SOD depressed the production of chemiluminescence. SOD activity of hepatocytes and tumor cells (AH130) were measured by NBT methods. Hepatocytes had high potential production of SOD, in contrast AH130 had poor production. These results suggest that free radicals from liver NPC was important for protecting liver metastases.
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PMID:[The effect of free radicals from non-parenchymal cells (NPC) of the liver on the development of liver metastases in rat]. 823 83

We describe a successful rapid APAAP-complex technique using innovative application of microwave irradiation (MIWI) on Ficoll separated peripheral blood mononuclear cell smears of healthy donors. The typing with several monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against different cell surface antigens is compared with the conventional APAAP procedure. The commercial domestic microwave oven was operated at 2.45 GHz. Fifteen second irradiation at 350 W during all incubation steps, e.g. primary antibody, bridging antibody and APAAP-complexes produced excellent color reactions with Fast Red TR, Fast Blue BB, New Fuchsin or NBT similar with the conventional immunoenzyme procedure. The routinely usage of a Silicon-Chamber-System developed by us is applicable without limitation under microwave conditions. The results till now have shown that the application of microwave-technique (MIWI) eliminated the need for much longer incubation periods without lost of sensitivity. All immunological markers could be detected in the same degree as observed with the conventional method. We could demonstrate that an immunological diagnosis is possible within 30 minutes using air dried smears in an microwave oven.
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PMID:[Microwave stimulated cell marker analysis. Possibilities for more rapid immune diagnosis]. 844 52

We have applied an integrated circuit photodiode array (PDA) chip system to a DNA chip. The PDA chip system, constructed using conventional bipolar semiconductor technology, acts as a solid transducer surface as well as a two-dimensional photodetector. DNA hybridization was performed directly on the PDA chip. The target DNA, the Bacillus subtilis sspE gene, was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The 340-bp PCR product was labeled using digoxigenin (DIG). A silicon nitride layer on the photodiode was treated with poly-L-lysine to immobilize the DNA on the surface of the photodiode detection elements. Consequently, the surface of the photodiode detector became positively charged. An anti-DIG-alkaline phosphatase conjugate was reacted with the hybridized DIG-labeled DNA. A color reaction was performed based on the enzymatic reaction between nitroblue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate (NBT/BCIP) staining solution and a DNA complex containing antibodies. A blue precipitate was formed on the surfaces of the photodiode detection elements. Successful quantitative analysis of the hybridized PCR products was achieved from the light absorption properties of the blue enzymatic reaction product that was produced after a series of reaction processes. Our DNA chip system avoids the complicated optical alignments and light-collecting optical components that are usually required for an optical DNA chip device. As a result, a simple, compact, portable and low-cost DNA chip is achieved. This system has great potential as an alternative system to the conventional DNA reader.
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PMID:Development of a novel DNA chip based on a bipolar semiconductor microchip system. 1689 Apr 22

Silicon is one of the essential trace elements in the human body; the deficiency of which may lead to bone diseases. Numerous animal experiments have shown that an appropriate increase in the intake of silicon is beneficial to enhancing bone density and toughness to prevent osteoporosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of the silicon-mediated osteogenesis process have not been sufficiently clarified. In this study, we determined the possible osteogenesis-related mechanisms of orthosilicic acid at a molecular level. We detected the relevant pathway and osteogenic indicators by immunofluorescence (IF), Western blot, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining (using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate/nitro blue tetrazolium [BCIP/NBT]), ALP enzyme labeling method, osteocalcin (OCN), and N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that orthosilicic acid is capable of enhancing the expression of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K), phospho-protein kinase B (P-Akt), phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (P-mTOR), and related osteogenic markers (runt-related transcription factor 2 [RUNX2], type I collagen [COL1], ALP, OCN, and P1NP). However, with the addition of PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway-specific inhibitor LY294002, the expression of PI3K, P-Akt, P-mTOR, RUNX2, COL1, ALP, OCN, and P1NP decreased. The results indicated that the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway played a positive regulatory role in the process of orthosilicic acid-mediated osteogenesis in vitro.
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PMID:Orthosilicic Acid Accelerates Bone Formation in Human Osteoblast-Like Cells Through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Pathway. 3042 Nov 62