Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D02003 (NBT)
 1,323 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Iron deficiency anaemia was induced in rabbits by repeated bleeding. The leucocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) of 26 +/- 28 units was significantly reduced compared with control values of 233 +/- 35 units (P less than 0.001). Leucocyte NBT reduction was also diminished, both in Hanks solution (P less than 0.01) and in autologous serum (P less than 0.001). After administration of iron, these values returned to normal. The results suggest that reduced LAP may reflect a deficiency of iron dependent constituents which are necessary for the integrity of normal granulocyte metabolism.
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PMID:Reduced leucocyte alkaline phosphatase activity and decreased NBT reduction test in induced iron deficiency anaemia in rabbits. 38 63

Literature reports suggest that iron-deficiency may contribute to the development or intensification of the condition termed generally "immunodeficiency". In the available literature no reports were found on a precise evaluation of the functions of peripheral blood neutrophils in iron deficiency anaemia. The purpose of the presented study was: 1) estimation of the adherence of neutrophils from peripheral blood to fibres, 2) evaluation of the indices of spontaneous and latex-stimulated NBT reduction by the neutrophils, and 3) the test of spontaneous migration of peripheral blood leucocytes. The study of 20 patients with iron-deficiency anaemia, with counts of total leucocytes and absolute neutrophil count in peripheral blood showed increased adherence of the neutrophils and reduced spontaneous migration of leucocytes in the 3-hour test, but no changes in the test of spontaneous and latex-stimulated NBT reduction. In the discussion an interpretation of the observed abnormalities in the studied biological functions of the neutrophils in patients with iron-deficiency anaemia is tentatively put forward, stressing that in this anaemia despite absence of changes in the counts of peripheral blood neutrophils, spontaneous migration of peripheral blood neutrophils in the 3-hour test is reduced, perhaps as a result of increased adherence of neutrophils.
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PMID:[Spontaneous migration and adherence of leukocytes and the NBT test of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with iron deficiency anemia]. 184 97

The experiment was carried out on 50 slaughter cocks, aged 5 weeks. The purpose of the experiment was to estimate the effect of beta-carotene and apo-beta-carotenoic acid (10% Carophyll yellow) on some indices of cellular immunity in chicks receiving the feed of high vitamin A content. Chl and NBT proved that carotenoids increased phagocytic activity of neutrophiles in peripheral blood. Similarly, in the case of beta-carotene it was found by blastic transformation test that on 30-40th day of the experiment, the value IS of peripheral blood lymphocytes was increased. On the other hand, chicks fed apo-beta-carotenoic acid showed such an effect on 40th day of observation only in the case when the lowest dose of preparation (24 mg/kg of feed) and Con A as mitogen were applied. In each experimental group, the chicks exhibited increased flavin content in liver and markedly increased retinol content due to apo-beta-carotenoic acid (24 mg/kg of feed). On the other hand, the contents of alpha tocopherol and ascorbic acid did not show significant differences between experimental and control groups. Similar were the results with iron, zinc and magnesium. Copper content of the liver was markedly increased in the birds receiving apo-beta-carotenoic acid in the dose of 24 mg/kg of feed. The increased content of manganese was observed in the liver of birds receiving beta carotene (6 mg/kg of feed).
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PMID:[Effect of carotenoids on selected indicators of cellular immunity in cockerels receiving food with high level of vitamin A]. 213 44

The purpose of this study is to find the relationship between the serum iron level and defensive function by observing the iron metabolic change following surgical operation, including serum iron, serum ferritin, and urinary iron excretion of TPN patients, and by measuring the NBT test of neutrophilic leukocyte and the level of serum immunoglobulins simultaneously. Thirty surgical patients were studied (10 cholecystectomies, 10 modified radical mastectomies, and 10 subtotal gastrectomies). Following surgical operation, the serum iron level dropped significantly as the result of the stress of operation rather than blood dilatation or urine iron excretion. Both serum ferritin level and the NBT test of neutrophils increased significantly. These results showed that the serum iron may be related to the phagocytic function of neutrophils. Hypoferremia following surgical operation may be a defensive mechanism to prevent postoperative infection.
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PMID:[Hypoferremia following surgery: a defense mechanism after operative trauma]. 236 24

The effect of EDTA and H2O2 on iron autoxidation in Mops buffer depends on the pH of the solution. At acidic pH, EDTA caused the oxidation of a stoichiometric amount of iron. At neutral and alkaline pH, EDTA and H2O2 not only oxidizes a stoichiometric amount of iron but also causes the oxidation of the Fe2+ exceeding the concentration of these compounds. In the presence of EDTA, oxidation of Fe2+ in exceeding the concentration of these compounds has a shorter lag phase and an increased rate compared with that in the absence. The solution develops a yellow colour whose intensity is proportional to the amount of Fe2+ exceeding the concentration of these compounds in solution. When the reaction is conducted in the presence of NBT, formazan formation is greatly reduced compared to the control without EDTA and H2O2. The Fe3+-EDTA complex and Fe3+ affected iron oxidation, development of the yellow colour and NBT reduction in a similar fashion. In all these experimental conditions, iron oxidation is greatly reduced in the presence of mannitol, sorbitol and catalase. In phosphate buffer, EDTA oxidized a stoichiometric amount of iron without affecting free Fe2+ oxidation. Fe3+ has no effect on iron oxidation in this buffer.
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PMID:Iron oxidation in Mops buffer. Effect of EDTA, hydrogen peroxide and FeCl3. 314 95

The investigations were done on 12 calves (age: 3 to 8 weeks). Six calves received (with an interval of two weeks) two intramuscular injections, each of which contained 5.75 mg selenium and 75 mg alpha-tokopherolacetate (Ursoselevit). Subsequently, they showed higher blood leukocyte counts (with less variation; p < 0.05), a greater phagocytosis index and more NBT-positive granulocytes than six untreated controls. Furthermore, their sera contained more carotenes, vitamin A and gamma-globulines than those of the controls. The other parameters considered within this trial (i.e. erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, serum contents of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, copper, iron and zinc) did not show statistically valuable differences between the members of the two groups.
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PMID:[Effect of selenium and vitamin E on white cells, serum concentration of several minerals and trace elements as well as immunologic parameters in calves]. 908 18

This study evaluated local and systemic leukocyte changes, respectively in the jugular and femoral veins, after an acute reduction of cerebral blood flow (oligoemia) in rats submitted either to permanent bilateral carotid occlusion (BCO) (no. = 36) for 5 hours or to sham operation (no. = 33). In a subgroup of rats (no. = 13) the extent of neural damage was histologically assessed. As a marker of biochemical brain changes the entity of the iron-ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation of synaptosomes was assessed in vitro by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) reactive products. Five hours after surgery, the percentage of aggregated leukocytes and of activated neutrophils reducing the NBT were significantly higher in BCO rats (p < 0.05). However, leukocyte changes did not differ significantly between the jugular and the femoral districts. The brains of BCO rats showed tiny foci of neuronal necrosis. Synaptosomes obtained from the BCO animals showed a small but highly significant increase of MDA production (p < 0.01). Long-lasting brain oligoemia increases the production of lipid peroxidative metabolites, and causes the occurrence of tiny foci of neuronal necrosis in different brain regions. The lack of a significant gradient in aggregated leukocytes and activated neutrophils between the jugular and femoral venous districts demonstrates that leukocytes are stimulated in the peripheral blood by even mild biochemical and morphological brain damage.
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PMID:Mild brain ischemia increases cerebral lipid peroxidation and activates leukocytes in the peripheral blood of rats. 943 46

L-Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) independent of NAD(P) and oxygen was first obtained from the psychrotrophic bacterium Aeromonas sp. L101, originally isolated from the organs of salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). GLDH was purified by a series of chromatography steps on DEAE-Sepharose, Superdex 200pg, Q-Sepharose, CM-Sepharose, and Phenyl-Sepharose. The purified protein was determined to have a molecular mass of 110 kDa and a pI of 5.7. Maximum activity was obtained at 55 degrees C and pH 8.5. The activity of GLDH at 4 and 20 degrees C was 38 and 50%, respectively, of that at 50 degrees C. GLDH was coupled to cytochrome c and several redox dyes including 1-methoxy-5-methylphenazinium methylsulfate (1-Methoxy PMS), 2, 6-dichlorophenylindophenol (DCIP), 9-dimethylaminobenzo[alpha]phenoxazin-7-ium chloride (meldola's blue), 3,3'-[3,3'-dimethoxy-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4, 4'-diyl]-bis[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H tetrazolium chloride] (nitroblue tetrazolium; NBT), and 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H tetrazolium (INT). The presence of NAD(P) and oxygen gave no oxidation activity to GLDH. Spectroscopic profile and ICP data indicated a b-type cytochrome containing iron.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of cold-active L-glutamate dehydrogenase independent of NAD(P) and oxygen. 1010 Dec 90

Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) is a well known drug in Ayurveda system of medicine. In the present study, antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of H. indicus root bark was evaluated in several in vitro and ex vivo models. Further, preliminary phytochemical analysis and TLC fingerprint profile of the extract was established to characterize the extract which showed antioxidant properties. The in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant potential of root bark of H. indicus was evaluated in different systems viz. radical scavenging activity by DPPH reduction, superoxide radical scavenging activity in riboflavin/light/NBT system, nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity in sodium nitroprusside/Greiss reagent system and inhibition of lipid peroxidation induced by iron-ADP-ascorbate in liver homogenate and phenylhydrazine induced haemolysis in erythrocyte membrane stabilization study. The extract was found to have different levels of antioxidant properties in the models tested. In scavenging DPPH and superoxide radicals, its activity was intense (EC50 = 18.87 and 19.9 microg/ml respectively) while in scavenging NO radical, it was moderate. It also inhibited lipid peroxidation of liver homogenate (EC50 = 43.8 microg/ml) and the haemolysis induced by phenylhydrazine (EC50 = 9.74 microg/ml) confirming the membrane stabilization activity. The free radical scavenging property may be one of the mechanisms by which this drug is effective in several free radical mediated disease conditions.
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PMID:Evaluation of antioxidant properties of root bark of Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. (Anantmul). 1199 49

In the present study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of a novel potent antioxidant, octyl caffeate, on the induction of iNOS expression by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in cultured primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) in vitro and LPS-induced hypotension in vivo. Octyl caffeate (0.1-1.0 microM) exerted a concentration-dependent inhibition of iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates. Furthermore, octyl caffeate (20, 50, and 100 microM) concentration-dependently diminished the initial rate of superoxide-induced NBT reduction and the enzymatic activity of xanthine oxidase. It also concentration-dependently (1-50 microM) inhibited the NO production, iNOS protein and messenger RNA expressions upon stimulation by LPS (100 microg/mL)/IFN-gamma (100U/mL) in RASMCs. In addition, we found that octyl caffeate did not significantly affect IkappaBalpha degradation stimulated by LPS/IFN-gamma in RASMCs. On the other hand, octyl caffeate (10 and 50 microM) significantly suppressed activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Moreover, octyl caffeate (10mg/kg, i.v.) significantly inhibited the fall in mean arterial pressure stimulated by LPS (7.5mg/kg) in rats. In conclusion, we demonstrate that a novel potent antioxidant, octyl caffeate, significantly ameliorates circulatory failure of endotoxemia in vivo by a mechanism involving suppression of iNOS expression through inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in RASMCs.
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PMID:A novel antioxidant, octyl caffeate, suppression of LPS/IFN-gamma-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. 1269 79


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