Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D02003 (NBT)
 1,323 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The investigations covered a group of 20 patients with uterine myomas aged 38 to 57 years. The control group consisted of 20 healthy women. The following indices were used in the assessment of non-specific immunity: 1) determination of the total leukocyte number and neutrophil number in peripheral blood, 2) the investigation of NBT reduction by neutrophils, 3) the evaluation of myeloperoxidase activity in neutrophils. 4) the assessment of alkaline phosphatase activity in neutrophils, 5) the evaluation of the neutrophil adherence ability, 6) determination of phagocytic activity of neutrophils, 7) determination of lysozyme activity in serum, 8) the evaluation of concentration of immune complexes in serum. In the group of patients with myomas the following indices were found as a statistically significant: a) the increase of leukocyte and neutrophil number b) the increase of the index of stimulated reduction of NBT, c) the decrease of myeloperoxidase activity, d) the increase of activity of alkaline phosphatase in neutrophils, e) the increase of the index of adherence, f) the decrease of the phagocytic activity.
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PMID:[Immunological disorders in patients with uterine myomas]. 1098 81

The article presents results of examination designed to study parameters characterizing the peripheral blood neutrophils functional activity in leukocytopenia in patients with diffusive disorders of the connective tissue (systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis), with the above values having come to be used in the assessment of severity of the course, differential diagnosis of complications, and prognostication of the condition. Such cytochemical indices as activity of myeloperoxidase, amounts of cationic proteins, capability of neutrophils to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium to diphormazine (NBT-test) are considered to be of much informative value which have come to be widely used in the diagnosis and prognosis of a great many of various medical problems. Defects in neutrophils are shown, disturbances are pointed out in their functional activity evidenced by the decline in their capability of reducing NBT. Poststimulation metabolic activity is but inadequately increased as compared to results in the control group. Of practical value is screening of patients presenting with low values for the functional reserve of heterophilic leucocytes, the purpose of which screening being early prognostication of the course of pyo-inflammatory complications.
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PMID:[Clinical patameters associated with oxygen-dependent metabolism in neutrophils in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and leukocytopenia]. 1145 12

Wheat sprouts contain a very high level of organic phosphates and a powerful cocktail of antioxidant molecules. Catalase and peroxidase activity appears very strong. Regarding low-molecular weight antioxidant molecules, TLC and other biochemical analysis show the presence of several classes of antioxidant compounds such as reducing glycosides, polyphenols, and -SH groups. Antioxidant activity has been measured by potassium ferricyanide reduction and by means of superoxide scavenging NBT. It has also been observed that the oral assumption of wheat sprout powder induces in old dogs a significant reduction of senile cataract. These results clearly confirm that the administration of natural antioxidant compounds can prevent or delay senile cataract. Moreover, it is evident that wheat sprout biologically active substances can be at least partially absorbed during the digestion process. Our research is now directed to the recovery of large amounts of wheat sprout biologically active substances that could also be used in the formulation of nutritional complements.
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PMID:Nutritional relevance of wheat sprouts containing high levels of organic phosphates and antioxidant compounds. 1522 Jun 77

This study aimed to explore the hypothesis that activated complement components contribute significantly to I/R (ischaemia/reperfusion) injury in skeletal muscle. After 50, 70 and 90 min of tourniquet ischaemia and 24 h of reperfusion, viability of the medial gastrocnemius muscle in CBA-C57BL/6 wild-type mice, assessed histochemically by reduction of NBT (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium) dye, was 60, 21 and 8% respectively. Skeletal muscle viability after 70 min of ischaemia and 24 h of reperfusion in transgenic mice expressing a combination of human CD46, CD55 and CD59, all inhibitors of complement activation, was 45% compared with 24% in ischaemic reperfused wild-type mice (P=0.008; n=6 per group). Muscle from sham-treated transgenic mice and wild-type littermates had no significant loss of viability relative to normal contralateral gastrocnemius muscle. A significant reduction in myeloperoxidase activity (a measure of neutrophil infiltration), xanthine oxidase activity (a source of free radicals) and water content (a measure of oedema) was observed in ischaemic reperfused muscle from transgenic mice compared with ischaemic reperfused wild-type muscle (P<0.05). Haematoxylin and eosin-stained histological sections also showed less damage and less apparent leucocyte infiltration in muscles from ischaemic reperfused transgenic mice than those from wild-type animals given the same degree of injury. Muscles from sham-treated transgenic and wild-type controls were almost identical with normal muscle. It is concluded that complement activation contributes to the pathogenesis of I/R injury in murine skeletal muscle, resulting in increased neutrophil infiltration into the injured muscle, increased free radical production and vascular permeability during reperfusion, and a net detrimental effect on muscle viability.
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PMID:Transgenic expression of human complement regulators reduces skeletal muscle ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice. 1879 67

Lung cancer (NSCLC and SCLC) is one of most frequent carcinoma. Lung cancer is at the top of the list of cancers causing mortality in males. Many patients are qualified to chemotherapy which causes neutropenia. The aim of this work was to evaluate the number and function of (phagocytosis, test of NBT reduction and MPO activity) of leukocytes in patients with lung cancer before chemotherapy, during leukopenia and after stimulation with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Patients with lung cancer have increased number of leukocytes before the treatment. After chemotherapy the number of leukocytes decreases. Treatment with G-CSF increases the number of leukocytes but it doesn't increase their ability to phagocytosis and to NBT reduction.
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PMID:[Evaluation of some functions of polymorphonuclear granulocytes in lung cancer patients during chemotherapy]. 1675 47

Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 is a non-pathogenic non-invasive bacterium extensively used for the delivery of antigens and cytokines at the mucosal level. However, there are no reports concerning the per se immunomodulatory capacity of this strain. The aim of the present study was to investigate the intrinsic immunostimulating properties of the nasal administration of L. lactis NZ9000 in a pneumococcal infection model. Mice were preventively treated with L. lactis (2, 5 or 7 days with 10(8) cells/day per mouse) and then challenged with Streptococcus pneumoniae. The local and the systemic immune responses were evaluated. Our results showed that nasal administration of L. lactis for 5 days (LLN5d) increased the clearance rate of S. pneumoniae from lung and prevented the dissemination of pneumococci into blood. This effect coincided with an upregulation of the innate and specific immune responses in both local and systemic compartments. LLN5d increased phagocyte activation in lung, blood and bone marrow, determined by NBT and peroxidase tests. Anti-pneumococcal immunoglobulin (Ig)A in bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) and IgG in BAL and serum were increased in the LLN5d group. Lung tissue injury was reduced by LLN5d treatment as revealed by histopathological examination and albumin concentration and lactate dehydrogenase activity in BAL. The adjuvant effect of L. lactis in our infection model would be an important advantage for its use as a delivery vehicle of pneumococcal proteins and nasal immunization with recombinant L. lactis emerges as an effective route of vaccination for both systemic and mucosal immunity against pneumococcal infection.
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PMID:Nasal administration of Lactococcus lactis improves local and systemic immune responses against Streptococcus pneumoniae. 1866 39

In situ hybridization (ISH) is a powerful and important technique that allows the detection and microscopic localization of nucleic acids within the specific cell, tissue, or chromosome of interest. In addition, it offers increased sensitivity over traditional filter hybridization, since low-copy mRNA molecules in individual cells can be detected. At the time the ISH technique was developed by Pardue and Gall (1), there were restrictions in it since radioisotopes were the only labels for nucleic acids available and autoradiographic film was the only detection system. Current molecular biological cloning techniques have now enabled most researchers to prepare almost any specific probe of choice and, more importantly, modern nonradioactive labels with colorimetric detection have removed all the limitations and restrictions of radioactive labels. The principal advantages of nonradioactive hybridization compared with isotopic hybridization are increased speed, greater resolution, lower costs, and reduced radioactive exposure. Furthermore, it allows the opportunity for combining different labels in one ISH experiment. The procedures behind ISH localization of DNA or RNA are very similar and may be summarized in five areas: (1) sample and glass slide preparation, including fixation, mounting, and ISH pretreatment, (2) probe preparation/labeling, (3) hybridization, (4) probe removal/washing, and (5) detection. Nonradioactive probe labeling itself can be divided into two methods, i.e., direct and indirect. This chapter describes the preparation of atherosclerotic tissue for ISH, indirect labeling of probes with digoxigenin (DIG), and the detection protocols suitable for this type of tissue. The DIG labeling method was developed by Kessler (2) and is based on the steroid digoxigenin, which is isolated from Digitalis purpurea and D. lanata. The DIG molecule is linked to the C-5 position of uridine (UTP, dUTP, or ddUTP) via a spacer arm. The DIG-labeled nucleotides can be incorporated easily into nucleic acid probes by DNA polymerases such as DNA polymerase I,Taq DNA polymerase, T7 DNA polymerase, RNA polymerases, and terminal transferase. These various enzymes therefore allow DIG labeling by random priming, nick translation, PCR, 3'-end labeling/tailing, and in vitro transcription. Following hybridization, DIG-probes may be detected with high-affinity specific anti-DIG antibodies (3). These antibodies are conjugated with alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, fluoroscein, rhodamine, AMCA (amino-methylcoumarin-acetic acid), or colloidal gold (for electron microscopy) enabling a very versatile detection system. This system can be made even more versatile and sensitive by using unconjugated anti-DIG followed by conjugated secondary antibodies. A detection sensitivity of about 0.1 pg (as determined by Southern blot) can be achieved with combinations of anti-DIG-alkaline phospatase and NBT or BCIP. In this chapter, I describe a protocol that we developed for nonradioactive in situ hybridization of atherosclerotic tissue for the detection of interleukin 8, tissue factor, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor in both frozen and paraffin-embedded tissue (4-7).
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PMID:1Nonradioactive In Situ Hybridization in Atherosclerotic Tissue. 2134 Sep 43

A new technique is reported for the enhanced colorimetric detection of multiplexed hybridization onto porous membrane-based microarrays. This approach combines the use of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a label together with a chromogen substrate and a local production of the hydrogen peroxide required for substrate oxidation. This in situ production of coreagent is obtained using glucose oxidase (GOx) directly immobilized within the microarray porous membrane mesh. The oxidation of glucose by the immobilized GOx produces hydrogen peroxide which itself enables the oxidation of TMB (3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine) by HRP and yields a blue precipitate on positive spots. Thanks to a coreagent overconcentration within the membrane, this design drastically surpasses the performances of the standard TMB/H(2)O(2) kit used for peroxidase label detection. The obtained target limit of detection is then 50 times lower (20 pM) than the one obtained with the standard kit approach, and the dynamic range expands at least one decade. Furthermore, the developed method was shown to compete well with the widely used alkaline phosphatase-BCIP (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate)/NBT (nitro blue tetrazolium chloride) readout while minimizing background signal. The method was finally successfully applied to the multiplex detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in complex PCR samples. The background lowering was impacted here positively on the SNPs' detection by increasing the complementary/noncomplementary signal ratio.
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PMID:Enhanced colorimetric detection on porous microarrays using in situ substrate production. 2141 14

The effect of aqueous dispersion of fullerene C60 (FC60) on the functional activity of cells involved in the phagocytosis reactions was studied. FC60 (0.01 microM/l and 0.1 microM/l) produced mainly negative effects on the activity ofnonspecific immunity cells by inhibiting the myeloperoxidase enzymatic activity, decreased the level of induced chemiluminescence, and suppressed the expression of molecules CD54 involved in the adhesion. The only exception was a slight stimulating effect on the NBT test. The results indicate the FC60 influences various stages and mechanisms of phagocytosis.
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PMID:[Effect of fullerene C60 on functional activity of phagocytic cells]. 2187 Jul 72

Modulation of the immune responses using active bio-ingredients as a possible prophylaxis measure has been novel prospect for aquaculture. The present study evaluated the effects of azadirachtin EC 25% on non-specific immune responses in goldfish Carassius auratus and resistance against pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila. The experimental trial for effects of azadirachtin on immuno-haematoloical parameters in goldfish was conducted by feeding the various levels of azadirachtin as control T(0) (without azadirachtin), T(1) (0.1%), T(2) (0.2%), T(3) (0.4%), T(4) (0.8%) and T(5) (1.6%) for a period of 28 days. Fishes were challenged with A. hydrophila 28 days post feeding and relative percentage survival (%) was recorded over 14 days post infection. Immuno-haematoloical (total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, NBT activity, phagocytic activity, serum lysozyme activity, myeloperoxidase activity, total immunoglobulin) and serum biochemical parameters (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and blood glucose) of fishes were examined at 14 and 28 days of feedings. Fish fed with azadirachtin, showed significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced TEC, TLC, Total Ig, total protein, NBT activity, serum lysozyme activity and myeloperoxidase level in different treatment groups in comparison with control group. Similarly, SGOT, SGPT and blood glucose level were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) high but PCV and Hb did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) in the treatment groups compared to control groups. Azadirachtin at the concentration of 4 g kg(-1) showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher relative percentage survival (42.60%) when compared with the control against A. hydrophila infection. This study indicated that azadirachtin EC 25% (4 g kg(-1)) showed higher NBT activity, serum lysozyme, protein profiles, leukocyte counts and resistance against A. hydrophila infection and thus, can be used as a potential immunostimulant in aquaculture.
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PMID:Effect of orally administered azadirachtin on non-specific immune parameters of goldfish Carassius auratus (Linn. 1758) and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila. 2326 11


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