Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: KEGG:D02003 (NBT)
 1,323 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of phacoemulsification, with the Cavitron-Kelman instrument, on the corneal endothelium of rabbit and cats was studied by scanning electron microscopy and nitroblue tetrazolium staining. The various steps of the procedure were examined separately. Irrigation of the anterior chamber of the eye with balanced salt solution (Plasma-Lyte) for ten minutes caused no cell damage. Ultrasound and irrigation alone for four to six minutes caused increased permeability to NBT. Edema of endothelial cells and cell junction disruption occurred after eight minutes of anterior chamber irrigation with Plasma-Lyte. Uncomplicated phacoemulsification produced moderate cellular edema with scattered loss of endothelial cells. Destruction of endothelial cells was frequent after phacoemulsification, it appeared to be due to lens nucleus manipulation in the anterior chamber, instrumentation, and needle contact. From two to five days postoperatively, intercellular edema, altered cell morphology, and mosaic pattern were seen. However, it gradually recovered and seven to ten days later the endothelium appeared normal.
 ...
PMID:The phacoemulsification procedure. II. Corneal endothelial changes. 93 90

Phagocytosis was found to stimulate ECF release from neutrophils (PMN). Human PMN (less than 98%) were exposed to zymosan (Z), zymosan-coated with complement (Z(x)), or zymosan in the presence of serum (Z(s)). The release of ECF was shown to be time- and dose-dependent. Like ionophore-induced ECF, phagocytosis-derived ECF preferentially attracted and deactivated eosinophils. Chromatography on Sephadex G-25 revealed an elution pattern similar to the antigen-induced, basophil-derived and to the ionophore-induced PMN-derived ECF. The addition of complement either as Z(x) or Z(s) accelerated the release of ECF. With both stimuli, the initial kinetics of ECF paralleled the release of beta-glucuronidase and NBT reduction. With Z alone, beta-glucuronidase release and NBT reduction were negligible, whereas the amount of ECF released was similar to that induced by Z(x). In the presence of serum Z(s), decreased activity was noted. Supernatants of phagocytosis at late time periods showed less activity than early supernatants, suggesting that ECF might be inactivated. These data indicate that phagocytosis causes the release of an ECF, which appears to be similar to the IgE-induced ECF-A.
 ...
PMID:Eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF). II. Release from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes during phagocytosis. 93 26

The purities of seven tetrazolium salts, obtained from various commercial sources, have been assessed by thin layer chromatography, relative extinction coefficients, and melting points. MTT and INT were largely homogeneous on thin layer chromatography, although significant variations occurred in the melting point behaviour. All the samples of TT examined were contaminated to a small extent with non-tetrazolium u.v.-absorbing material. TNBT and NBT were contaminated with small amounts of mono-tetrazolium salts, although one sample of each was heavily contaminated with another di-tetrazolium compound. Four samples of TNBT contained high melting point contaminants. BT was also contaminated with mono-tetrazolium salts, and some samples also contained di-tetrazolium salt contaminants. NT was the most heavily contaminated of all, most samples containing no less than five separate tetrazolium compounds. Prices varied widely, and in general were not related to purity. Some catalogue entries were very easy to find; others were more difficult. Few specifications were given; of these, most were arbitrary (for example, pure, grade I, and ... probably the finest INT offered anywhere.
 ...
PMID:Tetrazolium salts: a consumer's guide. 97 69

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in cord blood and in blood of women at delivery and six weeks after delivery were examined by means of a modified NBT-test. The results were compared with those of healthy controls. It is shown that the increased NBT-positivity of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes of the examined groups is due to increased ingestion capacity, while NBT reduction capacity of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes is not increased.
 ...
PMID:[NBT reduction capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in cord blood and in blood of parturients (author's transl)]. 100 74

Phagocytic activity, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and candidacidal capacity have been studied in a group of normal persons and in three patients with acute leukaemia. The studies were performed in vitro in whole blood to which either a solvent only, or daunorubicin or vincristine had been added. The nuclei of all kinds of leucocytes showed characteristic changes in daunorubicin samples, resembling a beginning necrobiosis. In spite of this, these cells had an unchanged or even an increased phagocyting capacity. Vincristine reduced the phagocyting activity in most cases. The NBT test showed no significant change. Killing function of leucocytes, represented by their candidacidal capacity, was not affected by the cytostatics.
 ...
PMID:Influence of some cytostatics on leucocyte function. 101 Apr 71

Report on a boy, now 3 years old, who presented the typical clinical picture of a BCG generalization during infancy. The BCG agents were verified in the lymph node. Intensive tuberculostatic therapy in combination with the transfer factor failed. The negative NBT test revealed a progressive septic granulomatosis.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical picture of a generalized BCG vaccination tuberculosis as an expression of a progressive septic granulomatosis (author's transl)]. 102 Mar 60

The method of Glenner et al. for the histochemical demonstration of MAO activity was studied by means of scanning microdensitometry and discrete measurement of optical density (lambda=590 nm) of the liver and brain tissues sections. The experiments indicated that: (1) The optimal time of incubation (the thickness of sections is 15 mum) is 60-90 min. (2) The histochemical reaction proceeds with the following substrates: dopamine, noradrenalin, serotonin, and tryptamine. (3) Iproniazid is the best inhibitor for preincubation whereas for simultaneous inhibition the substrate semicarbazide is better. (4) The incubation under the anaerobic conditions caused a considerable decrease of the stain intensity of the sections. We consider these data to indicate that both the aldehydes and acids formed under oxidation may take part in direct reduction of NBT to diformazan. (5) The histochemical reaction for MAO without substrates testifies to the presence of endogenous amines or other redox reactions leading to the reduction of NBT.
 ...
PMID:On the method of Glenner for the histochemical demonstration of the monoamine oxidase (MAO). 102 24

In the byosinthesis of glycosaminoglycans, UDP-glucose is utilized by two enzymes: UDP-glucose dehydrogenase which produces UDP-glucuronic acid (chondroitin sulphate precursor), and UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase which produces UDP-galactose (keratan sulphate precursor). The mechanisms regulating these two reactions have particular interest mainly considering that many connective tissues can modify its glycosaminoglycan production with aging; it is well-known that cartilage of young animals synthesizes almost exclusively chondroitin sulphate while cartilage of old animals synthesizes both chrondroitin sulphate and keratan sulphate. The kinetic parameters of both enzymes utilizing UDP-glucose have been recently investigated and some mechanisms responsible for UDP-glucose utilization in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis have been evidenced. Under histoenzymological viewpoint, we have confirmed the inhibiting effect of UDP-xilose on UDP-glucose dehydrogenase and the possible role of such nucleotide in aging processes of cartilage. In order to study this problem even by a histoenzymological approach, an original method for histochemical determination of UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase activity in connective tissue cells was developed. This method seem to be more sensitive than that described by other authors. In standard conditions the sections of the frozen tissue were incubated in Tris-HCL buffer, pH 8.8 (Tris concentration 0.025 M), containing 0.5 mM UDP-galactose, 2 mM NAD, 0.6mM NBT and an excess of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (about 300 mU). Control experiments in the absence of UDP-galactose, UDP-glucose dehydrogenase and in the absence of both UDP-galactose an- UDP-glucose dehydrogenase were also carried out. Under our experimental conditions, UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase present in the cells epimerizes UDP-galactose (added in the incubation mixture) to UDP-glucose which can bo oxidized by the excess of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase to UDP-glucuronic acid with a consequent NADH formation. The NADH formed is able to reduce and precipitate NBT. As a control of experimental sistem, we have determined the increase in O.D. at 525 nm of a reaction solution that was incubated directly in the spectrophotometer cuvette, at 37 degrees C with UDP-galactose 0.2 mM, NAD 2 mM, NBT 0.6 mM, 200 mU of UDP-glucose, dehydrogenase, 400mU of UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase and Tris HCL buffer pH 8.8 to a final volume of 1 ml. Histoenzymological and biochemical results demonstrate that this method is specific for and sensitive to UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase activity.
 ...
PMID:[Histochemical demonstration of uridine diphospho-glucoso-4'-epimerase activity]. 102 36

The AA. have evaluated some parameters of leukocyte function (phagocytosis, killing and nitroblu tetrazolium NBT test) from premature children, comparing such activities with endotoxemia, detected by means of limulus assay. The results obtained point out that there is not relationship between impaired leukocyte functions and endotoxemia.
 ...
PMID:[Endotoxemia and phagocytic function in premature subjects]. 102 47

The NBT reduction test and determination of alkaline phosphatase activity in the peripheral blood granulocytes (FAG) were done in 94 subjects including 30 blood donors donating blood for the first time and 64 cases of various haematological syndromes. Raised proportion of formazan granulocytes was found in patients with pancytopenia, acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia during blastic exacerbation, Hodgkin's disease during exacerbation and lymphosarcoma. These results correlated with increased FAG activity. Lower proportions of formazan granulocytes capable of spontaneous reduction of NBT were found in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia, in immunohaemolytic anaemias and in plasmocytoma. Of all the above syndromes only in chronic myeloid leukaemia impaired ability of formazan cell formation parallelled decreased FAG activity. In the remaining syndromes FAG activity in the granulocytes was normal or raised. In the remissions of Hodgkin's disease a fall was observed in the proportion of formazan granulocytes to values of FAG. In chronic myeloid leukaemia the proportion of formazan cells showed considerable fluctuations and no correlation was observed between the proportion of formazan cells and FAG activity.
 ...
PMID:[Spontaneous nitroblue terazolium reduction test (NBT) by peripheral blood granulocytes in healthy subjects and in some hematologic syndromes]. 105 43


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>