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Query: KEGG:D02003 (NBT)
 1,323 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Possible protective effects of Allium sativum and Crataegus--alone and in combination--on isoprenaline (isoproterenol)-induced heart, liver and pancreas damage were studied using rats as test animals. Pretreatment with Allium sativum alone, or in combination with Crataegus, resulted in protective effects on isoprenaline-induced damage of heart, liver, and pancreas. These effects proved to be dose-dependent. The following parameters were used to evaluate the protective effect: Clinical signs, qualitative histological and histoenzymatical findings, as well as quantitative microphotometric determination of enzymatic activities of succinate dehydrogenase, NADH-NBT reductase, acid phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in cardiac, hepatic and pancreatic tissues. The underlying mechanisms are discussed. The results suggest that Allium sativum, resp. Allium sativum plus Crataegus exert a pronounced protective effect.
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PMID:The protective effect of Allium sativum and crataegus on isoprenaline-induced tissue necroses in rats. 321 41

A panel of human leukemia cell lines from various lineages (T-cell, pre B- and Non-T/Non-B cell, myelomonocytic and erythroleukemia cell lines) were utilised as model systems of the distant effects of differentiation-inducing activity (DIA) produced by the T-leukemia cell line HUT-102. DIA inhibited cell proliferation and induced distinct morphological changes which were more pronounced in the myelomonocytic and erythroleukemia cell lines than in the lymphoid cell lines. DIA triggered in the myelomonocytic and erythroleukemia cell lines an increase in the number of NBT-reducing cells and caused strong adherence to plastic surface. The T-cell lines showed aggregation of cells in floating clusters. In the isoenzyme analysis of the enzymes carboxylic esterase and acid phosphatase, it was found that DIA stimulated the new expression of isoenzymes and a stronger staining intensity of several isoenzyme bands in all cell lines, however, at varying degrees. HL-60 and HEL displayed newly a monocyte-specific isoenzyme. Several myelomonocytic and erythroleukemia cell lines were triggered to express the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoenzyme. The cell kinetic, morphological, functional and isoenzymatic data demonstrated that DIA effected the development of the different blood cell types. However, it appears that the cells reached a new differentiation block after acquired expression of differentiation-linked features; the lymphoid cell lines were more limited in their response to DIA than the myeloid and erythroid cells.
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PMID:Isoenzyme studies in human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines--V. Induction of differentiation by T-cell derived differentiation-inducing activity. 349 40

A study was made of the level, viability and functional activity of alveolar macrophages (AM) in lavage of 86 patients with chronic bronchitis (26 with nonobstructive and 60 with obstructive bronchitis). A decrease in AM viability by 11-25%, phagocytic activity 1.6-4.6-fold, the NBT-test 1.5-3.4-fold and an increase in acid phosphatase activity more than 2-fold were revealed. The degree of a decrease in AM activity depended on the presence of bronchial tree obstruction and the purulent nature of inflammation. Treatment (a total of 33 patients were examined) resulted in an increase in AM content and viability however AM functional properties did not return to normal completely, the rate of positive shifts in activity indices did not correlate with clinical manifestations. An analysis of the dependence of AM functional activity on the type of drug therapy showed that tetracycline inhibited AM functional activity, ampicillin made a favorable effect on the restoration of AM function and beclomet stimulated significantly AM activity.
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PMID:[Functional status of alveolar macrophages in different forms of chronic bronchitis during treatment]. 360 95

The cell lines HDLM-2 and L-428 were established from the pleural effusions of two patients with Hodgkin's disease. We studied and compared phenotypic characteristics of HDLM-2 and L-428 cells before and during induction of differentiation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) using a number of parameters. TPA-treated HDLM-2 and L-428 cultures did not show adhesion to plastic surface or aggregation of cells; the cells did not develop pseudopodia and were not phagocytic. Only a slight increase in the percentage of NBT-positive cells was observed for L-428 cells. TPA led to a cessation of cell proliferation and to a dose-dependent decrease in the number of viable cells in both cell lines. In HDLM-2 and L-428, treatment with TPA induced distinct morphological changes indicative of a partial differentiation along the myeloid cell lineage. In addition, the production and expellation of benzidine-positive, unnucleated particles were observed in HDLM-2 and L-428 cells. The induced isoenzyme profiles of carboxylic esterase and acid phosphatase resembled those found in myelomonocytic leukemia cell lines. Both cell lines were negative for immunological markers of the T- and B-cell lineages, but reacted with several markers associated with the myelomonocytic cell lineages. HDLM-2 cells produced a factor which could induce differentiation in 12 leukemia cell lines. The overall results suggest that Hodgkin and Sternberg-Reed cells constitute a unique cell type and might be derived from cells of the myelomonocytic cell lineage.
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PMID:Hodgkin's disease derived cell lines HDLM-2 and L-428: comparison of morphology, immunological and isoenzyme profiles. 371 48

Multinucleated giant cells of mononuclear phagocyte origin (monocyte or macrophage polykaryons [MPs] ) are seen in numerous different normal and pathologic states. We have previously shown that gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) induces fusion of uninuclear monocytes (UMs) to form MPs. This study was designed to characterize these IFN-gamma-induced MPs. Control and IFN-gamma-treated UMs and MPs did not have peroxidase activity, but they stained intensely for nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase. The esterase of UMs and MPs was abolished by fluoride, but the acid phosphatase of UMs and MPs was only minimally decreased by tartrate. The phagocytosis of polystyrene spheres and glutaraldehyde-fixed erythrocytes by MPs was moderately depressed as compared with control or treated UMs, whereas the phagocytosis of IgG-coated erythrocytes was markedly depressed. Populations of control monocytes produced less H2O2 in response to 200 nmol/L of phorbol myristate acetate than did IFN-gamma-treated monocytes (37 +/- 7 v 199 +/- 29 nmol/h per milligram of cell protein). However, when examined microscopically, individual MPs had less ability to reduce NBT (18% +/- 5% positive for MP, 91% +/- 3% for treated UMs, and 67% +/- 3% for control UMs). The surface membrane antigens Leu M3, OKM1 (C3bi receptor), DU-HL60-3, DU-HL60-4, TE5, and V1 were not expressed or were expressed poorly in MPs; they were expressed normally in control and treated UMs. However, HLA-DR expression was increased in treated UMs and MPs. The binding of the lectins RCA, Con A, WGA, DBA, UEA, and PNA was equivalent in all cells. Thus, MPs formed by fusion of UMs in vitro after culture with IFN-gamma differ in several features from UMs.
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PMID:Phenotypic characterization of gamma interferon-induced human monocyte polykaryons. 393 91

In 106 workers (47 women and 59 men) being in professional contact with organic solvents containing benzene and its homologues during 1 to 122 months the cytochemical examination of peripheral blood neutrophils has been performed. The patterns of neutrophil functional activation have been noted expressed in increased activities of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, increased NBT reduction and diminished glycogen reserves. Those changes were accompanied by diminished peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase activities. The stimulated NBT reduction, elevated in majority of workers, exhibited negative correlation with the exposure time what indicates the practical value of that test monitoring the biological effects of professional contact with the solvents.
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PMID:Cytoenzymatic studies on neutrophils in workers having contact with organic solvents containing benzene, toluene and xylene. 616 42

The group of aged subjects being 66 to 97 years old was compared with the middle-age group with regard to various immunological and cytochemical indices related to lymphocytes and neutrophils. The aged showed a lowered count and percentage of T cells, increased count and percentage of "non-B, non-T" lymphocytes, increased percentage of B cells. These alterations in the composition of lymphocyte subpopulation were associated with characteristic patterns of damage affecting the enzyme-positive lysosomal apparatus of lymphocytes with regard to acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. There was a hundredfold smaller number of cells having intact enzyme-positive lysosomes in the aged than in the group of comparison. The changes mentioned above were also associated with the intracellular accumulation of glycogen in lymphocytes, decreased concentration of IgG and IgM in the serum and various changes in IgA concentration. Neutrophils of the aged were fewer in the blood of the aged than in younger subjects. However, an increased activity of myeloperoxidase, alkaline phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and an increased content of glycogen and lipids could be found in these cells. NBT-positive neutrophil numbers in the aged were lowered if the stimulated test was used and if there were no changes of the spontaneous test.
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PMID:Immunological and cytochemical indices of white blood cells in old age. 619 50

Kanamycin and ampicillin alone or in combination with leucocytic pyrogen, pyrogenal and prodigiozan were tested in cultures of peritoneal macrophages infected with Shigella. The function of the cells was estimated by the phagocytosis indices (with an account of the phases of the Shigella absorption and digestion) and activity of the oxidation-reduction (the NBT test) and hydrolytic (acid phosphatase) enzymes. The inhibitory effect of the antibiotics on the functional activity of the cultivated macrophages was shown. In the presence of kanamycin a decrease in the absorptive and digestive functions of the cells with respect to Shigella was observed. The decreased activity of the oxidation-reduction enzymes and acid phosphatase in the cells almost at all observation periods was also evident of inhibition of the phagocytosis terminal phase, i.e. the intracellular digestion of the bacteria. The use of ampicillin resulted in lower levels of Shigella absorption, while the phase of the bacteria digestion remained pronounced. At the same time the decreased activity of the lysosomal enzyme (acid phosphatase) participating in intracellular digestion of Shigella was characteristic of a clear tendency to their inhibition in the presence of ampicillin. The preliminary treatment of the cells with leucocytic pyrogen, pyrogenal and prodigiozan eliminated partially or completely the inhibitory effect of the antibiotics on the functional activity of the cultivated macrophages.
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PMID:[Effect of antibiotics and stimulants on the functional activity of cultured macrophages]. 730 15

Studied at the cell level of integration were the following indices for nonspecific reactivity: phagocytic activity of leucocytes (PhAL), a parameter characterizing damage to neutrophils (PDN), nitroblue tetrasolium test (NBT-test), the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AlPhA) of neutrophils, and the activity of acid phosphatase (AcPhA) of lymphocytes in EAA (exogenous allergic alveolitis) workers with reference to the service duration. PDN was shown to be raised in EAA workmen who had worked at the integrated poultry farm for 6-10 and 16-20 years. The parameter characterizing damage to neutrophils did not differ from control values in the workmen with 1-5 and 11-15 yr service duration. It was found that the activity of AlPh of neutrophils was decreased in EAA workers with 1-5 and 11-15 yr service duration. The activity of AlPh did not change with 6-10- and 16-20 yr service duration. The results from NBT-test, determinations of PhAL, and the activity of AcPh of lymphocytes showed their elevation in EAA workmen with the service duration 1-20 years. In summary, study at the cell level of integration into the indices of nonspecific reactivity in workmen with 1-2-yr length of service showed a decrease in the activity of AlPh neutrophils and an increase in the activity of AcPh of lymphocytes, PhAL, PDN, NBT-test, suggesting some disturbance in metabolism in leucocytes and involvement of nonspecific mechanisms of protection of organism in EAA.
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PMID:[The cellular level of integration in the body of the workers at a poultry plant with extrinsic allergic alveolitis]. 783 10

Correlations between neutrophilic enzymes (acid and alkaline phosphatases, myeloperoxidase, NBT test) and lymphocyte and monocyte enzymes (acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase) were studied in 110 patients with icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis. These correlations were changing, depending on the disease severity and period. In case of a favorable course of leptospirosis in the initial period and at the peak a great number of intercellular correlations are formed between neutrophilic, lymphocytic, and monocytic enzymes. If the disease course is grave and complicated the intercellular relationships are ruptured at the peak of the illness. Convalescence is characterized by a gradual recovery of intracellular correlations.
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PMID:[Characteristics of lymphocyte-monocyte-neutrophil interactions during varied-severity course of leptospirosis (a cytochemical study)]. 795 6


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