Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D02003 (NBT)
 1,323 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined the combination effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and cholera toxin and the role of cAMP in the induction of differentiation of a differentiation-insensitive U-937 clone, in which the reactivity to differentiation-inducers was decreased. IFN-gamma (100 units/ml) or cholera toxin (10(-9) M) alone only marginally induced various differentiation-associated characteristics such as NBT-reducing activity, phagocytic activity, a-naphthyl acetate esterase activity and surface markers. However, when combined with each other, they significantly induced these markers. Other cAMP-inducing agents such as prostaglandin E2, forskolin, epinephrine and isoproterenol did not induce NBT-reducing activity, either alone or in combination with IFN-gamma. However, all these cAMP-inducing agents significantly increased intracellular cAMP levels. Tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6 or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor alone did not induce NBT-reducing activity, but they could induce activity when combined with cholera toxin. These results suggest that enhancement of induction of differentiation by cholera toxin in combination with IFN-gamma or other cytokines may not be merely due to increased cAMP levels. There seems to be a transduction signal other than cAMP coupling with cholera toxin to stimulate induction of differentiation of an insensitive U-937 clone.
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PMID:Combination effects of interferon-gamma and cholera toxin on induction of differentiation of an insensitive U-937 clone. 216 23

The enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay is an efficient technique for the enumeration of single cells secreting antibodies or cytokines. To assess mice interleukin 6 (IL-6)-secreting cells at a single cell level, a highly sensitive ELISPOT assay with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylphosphate p-toluidine salt and nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (BCIP/NBT) as a gel-substrate has been developed. The IL-6 specific ELISPOT assay thus developed with an ordinary plastic ELISA plate is as efficient as the previous IL-6 specific ELISPOT assay system which uses a nitrocellulose coated plate, and is much more economic and convenient. We demonstrated with this newly devised ELISPOT assay that the ratio of IL-6 producing cells in the resident peritoneal exuded cells was highest in normal BALB/c mice, and a few IL-6 secreting cells were detected in all organs we tested, namely the spleen, bone marrow, Peyer's patch, axillary lymph node and thymus.
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PMID:Detection of interleukin 6-producing cells among various organs in normal mice with an improved enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. 927 9