Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D02003 (NBT)
 1,323 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The NBT activity of granulocytes from 11 influenza patients was determined during the acute stage of the disease and 6-8 weeks after recovery. The NBT activity was generally higher during influenza than after recovery. In the presence as well as in the absence of the patient's serum the differences were significant both without and with Escherichia coli stimulation.
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PMID:The NBT (Nitroblue Tetrazolium) activity of neutrophil granulocytes in patients with influenza A infection. 84 Dec 80

To avoid extensive manipulation for the purification of RNA from cells, several methods were evaluated for the direct release of RNA from influenza virus infected cells and supernatants using slot blot hybridization and non-radioactive probes. Treatment with an equal volume of 10 M aqueous guanidine hydrochloride produced the best hybridization signal. Less, but significant amounts of RNA were also released using the following treatments: dilute alkali (final concentration of 0.16 M NaOH) or 100 degrees C/5 min or RNA sample buffer containing formamide/formaldehyde, then heating at 65 degrees C/10 min. Despite the presence of large amounts of cell debris, RNA from guanidine hydrochloride treated whole cell extracts bound quantitatively to the positively charged nylon membranes. The sensitivity of RNA detection when whole cell extracts treated with guanidine hydrochloride were probed with a digoxigenin labelled cDNA probe was similar to the detection of RNA in highly purified, protein free samples. Three positively charged membranes were tested (from Amersham, ICN and Boehringer Mannheim) using two alkaline phosphatase substrates, NBT-X phos, and a chemiluminescent substrate, 3-(2'-spiroadamantane)-4-methoxy-4-(3'-phosphoyloxy)-phenyl- 1-1,2-dioextane (AMPPD) and a peroxidase substrate, tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The Boehringer Mannheim membrane had the highest sensitivity for the alkaline phosphatase substrates, but the peroxidase reaction with the TMB substrate was the most consistently sensitive, irrespective of which membrane was used. The ability to quantitatively detect RNA from whole cells without any purification will allow the rapid screening of large numbers of samples for specific RNA species in research or diagnostic laboratories.
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PMID:Rapid treatment of whole cells and RNA viruses for analysis of RNA by slot blot hybridization. 162 16

Several antitumor substances that effectively inhibited the growth of ascites and solid tumor cells transplanted in mice were isolated from pine cone NaOH extract by acid- and ethanol-precipitation. These antitumor substances were also potent antiviral agents against human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus and influenza virus; they induced antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcal aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans, and induced antiparasite activity against Hymenolepis nana in mice. Chemical analysis of these substances by IR, UV, NMR, ESR and partition chromatography on cellulose-TLC plate disclosed that they had lignin-related structures complexed with sugars or polysaccharides. Chlorinated decomposition of the lignin portion significantly reduced their antiviral activity. In agreement with this, the antiviral activity of synthesized lignins prepared by polymerization of phenylpropanoid precursors was comparable to that of the undecomposed counterparts of the pine cone extract. Acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide portion significantly reduced the ability of the substances to induce antitumor and antimicrobial activities in mice. With an appropriate eliciting agent, intravenous administration of natural lignified substances transiently induced endogenous production of a cytotoxic factor (possibly tumor necrosis factor) in normal mice. Their priming activity was significantly higher than that of their component units or degradation products. These data suggest the importance of conjugating lignins with polysaccharides for in vivo expression of various kinds of immunopotentiating activity. As possible explanations for their induction of a variety of immunopotentiating activities, these natural and synthetic lignins stimulated macrophage NBT-reducing activity, polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) iodination and splenocyte DNA synthesis and inhibited poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase, RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities.
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PMID:Antitumor, antiviral and immunopotentiating activities of pine cone extracts: potential medicinal efficacy of natural and synthetic lignin-related materials (review). 164 35

Influenza virus infection is associated with development of oxidative stress in lung and blood plasma, viz. increase of primary and secondary lipid peroxidation products. It was established that rimantadine treatment led to a decrease of the products of lipid peroxidation in tissues of mice experimentally infected with influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2). The effect is strongest in blood plasma (a decrease of about 50%) and weaker in the lung (about 20%). To elucidate the mechanism of this action of rimantadine, experiments were carried out with some model systems. The capability of rimantadine to scavenge superoxide radicals (scavenging properties) was studied in a system of xanthine-xanthine oxidase to generate superoxide. The amount of superoxide was measured spectrophotometrically by the NBT-test and chemiluminesce. Rimantadine does not show scavenging properties and its antioxidant effect observed in vivo, is not a result of its direct action on the processes of lipid peroxidation and/or interaction with antioxidant enzymes. The antioxidant properties of rimantadine were investigated by measurement of induced lipid peroxidation in a Fe2+ and (Fe2+ - EDTA) system with an egg liposomal suspension. Our findings with model systems do not prove an antioxidant or prooxidant effect of the drug on the processes of lipid peroxidation. Apparently, the observed antioxidant effect of rimantadine in vivo is not connected directly with free radical processes in the organism.
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PMID:Antioxidant properties of rimantadine in influenza virus infected mice and in some model systems. 1109 38

Recent evidence shows that plant polyphenols exhibit antioxidant and radical scavenging properties. By three separate and complementary methods--DPPH assay, beta-carotene-linoleic acid assay and NBT-reduction assay it was established that a polyphenol-rich extract from the medicinal plant Geranium sanguineum L. with strong anti-influenza virus activity, possessed antioxidant and radical scavenging capacities. For comparative reasons caffeic acid and the synthetic antioxidant BHT were used. Total soluble phenolic constituents of the MeOH extract measured by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were found as 34.60% (w/w). Further it was demonstrated that the EtOAc fraction, retaining the majority of the in vivo protective effect exhibited a strong O2-scavenging activity while the n-BuOH fraction, containing the majority of the in vitro antiviral activity provoked generation of O2-. The O2- scavenging activity of all three preparations correlated with the rate of the protective effect shown in the murine model of experimental influenza virus infection. The present results are in accordance with our intensive studies on the mode of the protective effect of the plant extract which showed positively that the protection may possibly be attributed to the combination of more than one biological activities and that the use of antioxidants might be an useful approach in the treatment of influenza infection.
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PMID:In vitro antioxidant activity of polyphenol extracts with antiviral properties from Geranium sanguineum L. 1582 May 8