Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: KEGG:D02003 (NBT)
 1,323 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Host defense mechanisms were evaluated in a 4-1/2-year-old boy with recurrent pyogenic infections and a unique hyperkeratotic skin disorder. The patient's neutrophils were consistently defective in chemotactic responsiveness but had normal NBT reduction, glucose oxidation, and iodination. Serum concentrations of IgE were markedly elevated and the secondary antibody response was abnormal. No T-cell dysfunction was detected. These findings suggest a relationship between this patient and patients with other syndromes associated with recurrent infections, cutaneous disease, defective chemotaxis, immunodeficiency, and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E.
 ...
PMID:Defective neutrophil chemotaxis with variant ichthyosis, hyperimmunoglobulinemia E, and recurrent infections. 118 92

Several antitumor substances that effectively inhibited the growth of ascites and solid tumor cells transplanted in mice were isolated from pine cone NaOH extract by acid- and ethanol-precipitation. These antitumor substances were also potent antiviral agents against human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus and influenza virus; they induced antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcal aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans, and induced antiparasite activity against Hymenolepis nana in mice. Chemical analysis of these substances by IR, UV, NMR, ESR and partition chromatography on cellulose-TLC plate disclosed that they had lignin-related structures complexed with sugars or polysaccharides. Chlorinated decomposition of the lignin portion significantly reduced their antiviral activity. In agreement with this, the antiviral activity of synthesized lignins prepared by polymerization of phenylpropanoid precursors was comparable to that of the undecomposed counterparts of the pine cone extract. Acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide portion significantly reduced the ability of the substances to induce antitumor and antimicrobial activities in mice. With an appropriate eliciting agent, intravenous administration of natural lignified substances transiently induced endogenous production of a cytotoxic factor (possibly tumor necrosis factor) in normal mice. Their priming activity was significantly higher than that of their component units or degradation products. These data suggest the importance of conjugating lignins with polysaccharides for in vivo expression of various kinds of immunopotentiating activity. As possible explanations for their induction of a variety of immunopotentiating activities, these natural and synthetic lignins stimulated macrophage NBT-reducing activity, polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) iodination and splenocyte DNA synthesis and inhibited poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase, RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities.
 ...
PMID:Antitumor, antiviral and immunopotentiating activities of pine cone extracts: potential medicinal efficacy of natural and synthetic lignin-related materials (review). 164 35

We have compared the efficiency of biotinylated DNA probes and various visualization techniques with 35S-labeled DNA probes in routine paraffin sections from the pathology service; both autopsy and biopsy tissue were investigated. Probes included DNA genomic fragments from cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods of detection by Pathogene II kit (ENZO) and Blue Gene kit (BRL) with visualization by AEC, NBT/BCIP, Immunogold (Janssen) and autoradiography were used. The study shows most satisfactory results by applying the Blue Gene-NBT/BCIP combination followed by the Immunogold technique. Data obtained by these techniques compare well to those of using radioactive DNA probes and autoradiography.
 ...
PMID:Comparative evaluation of non-radioactive in situ hybridization techniques for pathologic diagnosis of viral infection. 285

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), an immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by extreme susceptibility to bacterial infections, is due to a defect of the respiratory burst in human phagocytes. NADPH oxidase, the enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen and the release of oxidative radicals, was studied in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) in a family affected by an x-linked inheritance form at high penetrance of the disease. The contents of cytochrome b, suggested as the terminal component of the oxidase electron transport chain, and FAD, the hypothetical proximal component of the chain, were determined in patients and in carriers. Cytochrome b showed the typical behaviour of x-linked CGD: total absence in patients, intermediate values in carriers. FAD content evaluated on plasma membranes was less decreased than cytochrome b. Carriers also showed a decrease of this flavoprotein. Cytochrome b and FAD contents were compared to NBT test and superoxide production: a clear correlation was observed for the cytochrome b, but FAD plasma membrane evaluation could also be an interesting tool for the metabolic characterization of the disease in patients and in carriers.
 ...
PMID:Cytochrome b and FAD content in polymorphonuclear leucocytes in a family with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease. 378 83

A new method is described which is suitable for reliably analysing apoptotic fragmentation in small amounts of DNA. After isolation, DNA was labelled with biotin-4-dUTP using Klenow polymerase. Then DNA was size-separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, blot transferred and subsequently visualized by the streptavidin alkaline phosphatase-BCIP/NBT procedure. This non-radioactive method was used to detect apoptotic DNA in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, treated with tributyltin (1 nM). While only 30 ng of DNA is required for analysis of apoptotic DNA using the new blot technique, 100-fold more material is needed to identify the fragmentation of DNA after separation by agarose gel electrophoresis and direct staining with ethidium bromide. In a further set of experiments, rat cortical cells were incubated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral glycoprotein of M(r) of 120 kDa (gp120) to induce apoptosis. More than 0.3 ng of gp 120/ml are required to detect apoptotic DNA by the direct procedure; only 0.1 ng gp120/ml or less were sufficient to document clear DNA fragmentation using the non-radioactive blotting technique described here. These results demonstrate that the new procedure can be used to analyse very small amounts of apoptotic DNA and shows that gp120-induced apoptosis can be measured at low concentrations of the viral protein.
 ...
PMID:A non-radioactive, sensitive method for the detection of DNA fragmentation in apoptotic cells (rat pheochromocytoma PC12 and rat cortical cells). 752 53

Of a total of 111 children with primary immunodeficiency, 20 had phagocytic disorders (18%) and 10 of them (8 boys and 2 girls) were diagnosed as chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). The children presented with repeated infections already during the first months of life. The main clinical findings were: abscess (n = 8), otitis (n = 8), pneumonia (n = 8), lymphadenitis and pyodermitis (n = 6) and septicemia (4), NBT reduction was almost absent in all the children, except one of them. Bactericidal activity against S. aureus and phagocytosis were impaired in CGD patients. Different patterns of laboratory tests and prognosis were observed and girls had a better evolution.
 ...
PMID:Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood: differential diagnosis and prognosis. 805 96

The acquired immunodeficiency of the host plays an essential role in the occurrence of infections even with low pathogenic bacteria. The increase of cases with MRSA and/or pseudomonas infection is one of the serious problems in hospital management in Japan for the elderly as well as pediatric patients. In the present study, mitomycin C (MMC)-treated hosts were prepared in young, adult and old mice to test the immunopotentiating action of the promising Chinese herbal medicine, Tohki-Rikuoh-Toh (TRT), Hotyu-Ekki-Toh (HET) and Juzen-Taiho-Toh (JTT). The effect of these herbal medicines on organ structure and its function in the MMC-treated hosts is clarified and discussed for medical use. 4-5, 8-10 and over 50 week old male C57BL/6 (Clea Japan Inc.) were injected with MMC at a dosage of 3 to 5 mg/kg to inhibit the bone marrow, thus creating a mouse model with reduced immunopotential. A powder extract of TRT, HET and JTT was administrated orally at a dosage of 500 mg/kg/day for seven consecutive days. The white cell number and the subset analysis were carried out by the FACS method. The bactericidal effect of the host was monitored by NBT reduction test. Peritoneal macrophages were prepared by the adherence technique. The macrophage phagocytic activity was examined by an ACAS system. After the administration of TRT, HET and JTT, the body weights recovered as much as 90%, especially in young animals which had been reduced to 75% of their normal values. After MMC-treatment, with the herbal medicines, HET was good for young mice while JTT was effective for the old ones. As for the effect on B cells, the plaque-forming cells (PFC) of spleen cells were compared among the groups. As a result, PFC in the HET group was 184% and the other two were 80 approximately 95% as compared to 76% in the MMC-treated ones. The number of white blood cells in the MMC-treated mice returned to 80% of their normal value. In addition, the phagocytic activity of macrophages increased to 50% although that of the non-treated group was only 20%. The phagocytic activity also recovered in the JTT and TRT of 131% to 95%, respectively compared to 11% in the MMC-treated control. When TRT, HET and JTT were administered orally to mouse models whose immunopotential had been inhibited, the herbal medicines activated both quantitatively and qualitatively, showing themselves to be effective interstitial medicines. In addition, the data from the animal models showed no side effects, confirming the complete efficacy of the drug. Moreover, there was no direct anti-bactericidal effect from these medicines, suggesting that the immunomodulating action of this medicine is host-mediated. It is interesting that quantitative and qualitative recovery were seen when HET was administered to MMC-treated young hosts while JTT was good for the old. With this investigation, the effective components are still unknown for different generations, and we need to clarify this aspect for better understanding of the efficacy of herbal medicines.
 ...
PMID:[The effect of herbal medicines on the immunodeficient animals by injecting cancer chemotherapeutic agent-special reference to age related recovery of the function]. 879 7

We report the diagnosis and otorhinological treatment of a rare case of cervical abscess in association with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). A 19-month-old boy was admitted to our hospital's Department of Pediatrics with fever and a swollen neck. Antibiotic treatment (FMOX PIPC, and PAPM) was ineffective, so the patient was referred to our department for otorhinological treatment. A deep cervical abscess was drained using paracentesis in the Outpatient Department, but the condition did not improve. Surgery to drain the cavity was therefore performed. The wound was irrigated with oxydol, and the surgery was a success. Immunodeficiency was suspected, because of the antibiotic treatment's failure. Further examination clarified that the disease was CGD, but this diagnosis was difficult to establish. The result of the NBT test was 120%. However, some examination demonstrated that active oxygen production was impaired. The production of cytochrome b in this patient was confirmed using flow cytometric analysis. Both parents were confirmed to be carriers upon examination. The patient was therefore diagnosed as having CGD as a result of an autosomal recessive inheritance.
 ...
PMID:[Chronic granulomatous disease accompanying a deep cervical abscess in a young child]. 1077 91

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disease. Although the most affected patients are diagnosed in childhood, there are several reports of the disease presenting in adult patients. Here we present a 40 years old man who was admitted in hospital due to respiratory symptoms and ground glass pattern in high resolution computed tomography of lung. Open lung biopsy revealed lymphocytic bronchiolitis. Because of past medical history of granulomatous lesion in lung and recurrent abscesses of skin and soft tissue, NBT test was conducted which its result revealed that the disorder was compatible with CGD and then it was confirmed by fluorescent cytometry.
 ...
PMID:Lymphocytic bronchiolitis as presenting disorder in an undiagnosed adult patient with chronic granulomatous disease. 1809 46

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is an uncommon primary immunodeficiency caused by the absence or dysfunction of one of NADPH oxidase subunits, with heterogeneous genetic aetiologies. The aim of this study was the CGD patient registry in Greece, the identification of the responsible genotype and the potential correlation with the patient's clinical phenotype. Medical charts of 24 CGD patients, investigated by NBT test or DHR for NADPH oxidase activity, Western blot analysis for NADPH oxidase component expression and DNA sequencing (pyro- and cycle sequencing) for mutation analysis, were reviewed. All patients, but one, were classified into the different types of CGD. Sixteen patients from 14 unrelated families had X-linked CGD (66.7 %), four had mutations in the NCF1 gene (19 %), and three, from two unrelated families, had mutations in NCF2 (9.5 %) [Corrected]. Fifteen mutations were detected in the CYBB gene, including nonsense (53.8 %), splice site (30.8 %) and missense mutations (7.7 %), and deletions (7.7 %). Two novel mutations were identified; one in CYBB and one in NCF1. Carrier detection for X-CGD revealed that the de novo mutation rate was about 7 %. Prenatal diagnosis identified one affected male in three male fetuses tested. In both the X-linked and the autosomal recessive (AR-CGD) group, the gastrointestinal and respiratory manifestations were more common, followed by lympadenopathy in X-CGD and skin infections in the AR-CGD group. The patients with a mutation in CYBB had a wider variability of clinical manifestations and earlier diagnosis (4.6 years) compared to the AR-CGD group (12.9 years). The incidence of CGD in Greece is estimated at 0.90 (95 % CI 0.89-0.91) per 100,000 live births for the last decade.
 ...
PMID:Chronic granulomatous disease: a 25-year patient registry based on a multistep diagnostic procedure, from the referral center for primary immunodeficiencies in Greece. 2408 83


1 2 Next >>