Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D01817 (Iohexol)
 504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Iohexol clearance is an accepted, but time-consuming assay for the measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We investigated if simpler methods could predict GFR. Sixty-nine children with hematological-oncological disorders participated. A linear relationship was established by regression analysis between iohexol clearance ( n=734) and 1/s-creatinine ( r=0.45, n=727), s-cystatin C ( r=0.41, n=518), and the Schwartz ( r=0.45, n=723), Counahan-Barratt ( r=0.48, n=723), and modified Counahan-Barratt formulae ( r=0.48, n=723). These correlations improved when one GFR measurement per individual was compared with each of the five parameters. We further investigated if iohexol clearance could accurately be replaced. The degree of variation in predicting GFR was estimated by the standard deviation of the residuals (S(res)). For 1/s-creatinine and s-cystatin C, S(res) was 39 and 38 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). For the formulae of Schwartz, Counahan-Barratt, and modified Counahan-Barratt, the S(res) was 43, 40, and 40 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), respectively. The wide variations of the S(res) were not reduced when one GFR measurement per child was compared with the five parameters. Due to the large deviation in predicting GFR, we conclude that the five alternative methods studied cannot replace iohexol clearance for measurement of GFR.
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PMID:Correct evaluation of renal glomerular filtration rate requires clearance assays. 1237 15

OBJECTIVE-Assessment and follow-up of early renal dysfunction is important in diabetic nephropathy. Plasma creatinine is insensitive for a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >50 ml/min and creatinine clearance is unwieldy and subject to collection inaccuracies. We aimed to assess the reproducibility, reliability, and accuracy of plasma cystatin C as a measure of GFR ranging from normal to moderate impairment due to type 1 diabetes in the presence of a normal plasma creatinine concentration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A sensitive immunoturbidimetric cystatin C assay was examined in 29 subjects with type 1 diabetes and 11 nondiabetic subjects. Duplicate measurements of the following were collected from each subject, 2 weeks apart: cystatin C, enzymatic plasma creatinine, 24-h creatinine clearance, GFR estimated from plasma creatinine by the Cockcroft-Gault equation, and iohexol clearance as a gold standard. RESULTS-Iohexol clearance ranged from 35 to 132 ml. min(-1). 1.73 m(-2). Plasma cystatin C compared well with the other clinically used tests. The reliability of cystatin C, as assessed by the discriminant ratio, was superior to creatinine clearance (3.4 vs. 1.5, P < 0.001) and the correlation of cystatin C with iohexol clearance (Rs -0.80) was similar to that of creatinine clearance (Rs -0.74) and superior to that of plasma creatinine and the Cockcroft-Gault estimate (Rs -0.54 and 0.66, respectively). Duplicate estimations were used to provide an unbiased equation to convert plasma cystatin C to GFR. CONCLUSIONS-Based on this study, cystatin C is a more reliable measure of GFR than creatinine clearance, is more highly correlated with iohexol clearance than plasma creatinine, and is worthy of further investigation as a clinical measure of GFR in type 1 diabetes.
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PMID:Clinical usefulness of cystatin C for the estimation of glomerular filtration rate in type 1 diabetes: reproducibility and accuracy compared with standard measures and iohexol clearance. 1240 47

The present study was performed in newly diagnosed diabetic children to evaluate the effect of metabolic derangement on routine tests for glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Children with ( n=16) and without ( n=10) ketonuria at diagnosis of diabetes followed a routine clinical treatment program. Serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, serum cystatin C, and iohexol clearance were analyzed at diagnosis and after 20 days of treatment. Iohexol clearance was used as the "true GFR". Serum creatinine and iohexol clearances were not affected by the acute metabolic status or ketonuria. In contrast, serum cystatin C was significantly influenced by ketonuria. Creatinine clearance was an unreliable marker for GFR both in the more deranged and in the balanced metabolic situation.
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PMID:Metabolic status in diabetes mellitus affects markers for glomerular filtration rate. 1269 26

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) has gained increasing attention in clinical practice, particularly during coronary angiography (CAG). However, some "bioequivalent" generic (GE) drugs are less effective than the innovator (IN) drug. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare contrast media (IN drug)-induced renal dysfunction with contrast media (GE drug)-induced dysfunction. We enrolled 44 patients who underwent elective CAG or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and randomly divided them into two groups that received contrast media (Iohexol, nonionic and low-osmolality contrast agent) containing either IN drug (Omnipaque) or GE drug (Iopaque). Blood and urine sampling were performed before and after (24 and 48 h) CAG or PCI. Biochemical parameters in blood (serum creatinine, cystatin C, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and pentraxin-3) and urine (urinary albumin/Cr and liver-type fatty acid binding protein/Cr) were measured. There were no significant differences in the biochemical parameters at baseline between the groups. In addition, there were no differences in changes in biochemical parameters in blood and urine before and after CAG or PCI between the groups, although one patient in the GE group had CIN. The degree of contrast in Iopaque-induced renal dysfunction was comparable with that in Omnipaque-induced dysfunction.
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PMID:Contrast between innovator drug- and generic drug-induced renal dysfunction on coronary angiography (CONTRAST study). 2407 36

Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease. The evaluation of graft function is mandatory in the management of renal transplant recipients. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), is generally considered the best index of graft function and also a predictor of graft and patient survival. However GFR measurement using inulin clearance, the gold standard for its measurement and exogenous markers such as radiolabeled isotopes ((51)Cr EDTA, (99m)Tc DTPA or (125)I Iothalamate) and non-radioactive contrast agents (Iothalamate or Iohexol), is laborious as well as expensive, being rarely used in clinical practice. Therefore, endogenous markers, such as serum creatinine or cystatin C, are used to estimate kidney function, and equations using these markers adjusted to other variables, mainly demographic, are an attempt to improve accuracy in estimation of GFR (eGFR). Nevertheless, there is some concern about the inability of the available eGFR equations to accurately identify changes in GFR, in kidney transplant recipients. This article will review and discuss the performance and limitations of these endogenous markers and their equations as estimators of GFR in the kidney transplant recipients, and their ability in predicting significant clinical outcomes.
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PMID:Estimating glomerular filtration rate in kidney transplantation: Still searching for the best marker. 2616 57