Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D01817 (Iohexol)
 504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The radiographic contrast agent sodium diatrizoate (DTR) reportedly inhibits f-Met-Leu-Phe-induced chemotaxis in human neutrophils. DTR is also an ingredient of Ficoll-Paque, a density centrifugation medium widely used to purify human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Exposure of PMNs to DTR during preparation had no detrimental effect on subsequent binding characteristics of tritiated f-Met-Leu-Phe, probably owing to a rapid dissociation of DTR from the PMN receptors. DTR competed directly with f-Met-Leu-Phe for receptor binding, but was 160- and 640-fold less potent than phenylbutazone and 1,2-diphenyl-4-[3-(1-naphthyl)-propyl]-3,5-pyrazolidinedione (DPN; an analog of phenylbutazone), respectively. Iohexol and the methylamide of DTR did not compete with [3H]f-Met-Leu-Phe in receptor binding, supporting the existence of a definite interaction between iodinated aromatic molecules and the f-Met-Leu-Phe receptor. DTR did not inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, as did DPN. Both drugs inhibited chemotactic peptide-induced release of superoxide anion in a concentration-dependent manner, and were relatively selective for f-Met-Leu-Phe, as opposed to C5a. Both drugs at 10 microM interfered non-selectively with chemotactic peptide-induced beta-glucuronidase release from PMNs. Available non-peptide antagonists of f-Met-Leu-Phe exhibited other pharmacodynamic properties that could make them unsuitable for future in vivo studies designed to probe the physiological role of the receptor.
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PMID:Comparison of two classes of non-peptide drugs as antagonists of neutrophil receptors for f-Met-Leu-Phe. Pyrazolons and iodinated radiographic contrast agents. 131 83

In a double-blind randomized trial, the hemodynamic and electrophysiologic effects of the low-osmolar nonionic contrast medium iohexol (Omnipaque) and the standard high-osmolar ionic monomer sodium-meglumine-ioxithalamate (Telebrix) at left ventricular angiography and selective coronary arteriography were evaluated. Sixty patients were divided into two groups of 30 patients; one group received Omnipaque in a dosage of 350 mgI/ml and the other group received Telebrix in a dosage of 350 mgI/ml. The Omnipaque showed significantly less effects on heart rate and myocardial contractility, and induced less electrophysiological changes than did Telebrix. However, there was a significant increase of 10% in the diameter of the left coronary artery following selective coronary injection with Telebrix, while Omnipaque induced practically no change in vessel diameter. All hemodynamic and electrophysiologic effects proved to be short-lasting. We conclude that ionic and nonionic agents are similarly efficacious in providing adequate images with minimal risk to the patient. However, the nonionic agents exert slightly more alterations in cardiac hemodynamics and in electrocardiographic intervals. The vasodilatory effect on coronary artery diameter by Telebrix may entail a more rapid clearance of contrast medium from the coronary circulation, which might be of some advantage over nonionic contrast media.
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PMID:Comparative trial of Omnipaque 350 (iohexol) and Telebrix 350 (sodium-meglumine-ioxithalamate) in left ventriculography and coronary arteriography. 139 96

The effects on urine and serum profiles of intravenous injection of diatrizoate, iohexol, or saline were studied in male rats pretreated with steroids or saline. Using urinary albumin, glucose, sodium, and the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) as markers of glomerular and tubular function, it was found that diatrizoate caused temporary glomerular and tubular dysfunction; the effect was independent of the kind of pretreatment. Iohexol did not cause increased glomerular permeability in steroid- and saline-pretreated rats. When used following saline, iohexol induced increased excretion of three tubular components, whereas iohexol plus steroids caused increased excretion of all five tubular components. The dysfunctional effect of iohexol plus steroids was less than that of diatrizoate plus steroids. The serum components revealed no abnormalities induced by either contrast media or methylprednisolone. Pretreatment with steroids has no effect on the glomerular or tubular dysfunctional effect of diatrizoate, whereas it worsens the temporary tubular dysfunctional effect of iohexol in rats.
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PMID:Pretreatment with steroids before intravenous injection of diatrizoate or iohexol. Effects on urine and serum profiles. 176 42

The effects of adding NaCl to the non-ionic contrast medium iohexol (Omnipaque) were investigated in the isolated rat heart. Iohexol (150 mgI/ml) with 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 145 mM NaCl added and the ionic dimeric compound ioxaglate (Hexabrix 160 mgI/ml) containing approximately 75 mM NaCl were examined. Coronary flow rate (CFR), heart rate (HR), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and myocardial high energy phosphate compounds at the end of the experiments were measured. In all groups examined the physiological changes following contrast media injection were only transient and the recovery to normal values of HR and LVDP occurred within 30 seconds. The contractile changes after contrast media exposure were dependent on the concentration of sodium added. The addition of 20 mM sodium to iohexol induced the least changes in LVDP. It is concluded from the present study that addition of sodium in the range of 20-40 mM to non-ionic contrast media, may reduce the immediate cardiac disturbances during coronary angiography.
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PMID:Effects of low osmolar contrast media on cardiac function: optimal sodium concentration for contractility. 186 5

Iohexol (Omnipaque) and meglumine and sodium diatrizoate (Renografin-76) were compared in a double-blind, randomized study for their efficacy, safety, and hemodynamic effects as angiographic contrast agents in children. Forty-four children were randomly allocated to receive either iohexol or diatrizoate as a component of their routine or emergency cardiovascular evaluation. Following age stratification, baseline physiologic parameters were not significantly different between patients receiving either iohexol or diatrizoate. After systemic ventricular injection, iohexol produced significantly less hemodynamic alteration in systemic systolic blood pressure, systemic ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and dP/dt. Less alteration in heart rate and significantly less effect on the QT interval were seen with iohexol. Image quality was comparable, although significantly more patient mobility was associated with diatrizoate-meglumine. This study shows that iohexol, a nonionic contrast medium, causes less hemodynamic disturbance than diatrizoate-meglumine in children. Therefore, its use to be preferred in these potentially high-risk patients.
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PMID:A comparison of iohexol and diatrizoate-meglumine in children undergoing cardiac catheterization. 188 74

We have compared the usefulness of a newly developed, low osmolality contrast medium, Omnipaque 350 (75.49% iohexol, 350 mgI ml-1), for sialography with one of the established, Angioconray (80% sodium iothalamate, 480 mgI ml-1), in a double-blind, prospective randomized clinical trial in 80 patients. The diagnostic quality of the sialograms, pain during the procedure and discomfort subsequently were investigated. There was no difference in either group between the number of sialograms judged as diagnostically useful, although those of excellent quality were significantly more frequent in the Angioconray group. The level of pain on injection of the medium was significantly lower in the Omnipaque group. Eighteen per cent of the patients with Omnipaque had severe or moderate pain on injection of the contrast medium, while 63% had such pain with Angioconray. There was no difference in postprocedural discomfort between the two contrast media. We concluded that the low osmolality contrast medium is more favourable for sialography despite its lower iodine content.
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PMID:Radiographic quality and patient discomfort in sialography: comparison of iohexol with iothalamate. 193 22

In order to study the electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of sodium addition to low-osmolality contrast media during coronary arteriography, eight dogs with surgically opened thoraces were studied. Epicardial monophasic action potentials (MAP) were recorded from the contrast perfused area, using suction electrodes. Six milliliters of iohexol, iohexol with addition of 20 to 80 mmol/L Na+ and ioxaglate, were selectively administered into the left coronary artery. Only minor hemodynamic alterations occurred with the iohexol solutions, whereas ioxaglate decreased left ventricular (LV) inotropy and pressures initially. Iohexol and iohexol containing less than 40 mmol/L Na+ did not change MAP duration significantly. The addition of 80 mmol/L Na+ to iohexol lengthened MAP duration at 25%, 50%, and 90% repolarization by 14 +/- 2, 18 +/- 3, and 18 +/- 5 mseconds, respectively. Ioxaglate lengthened MAP duration by 14 +/- 3, 17 +/- 3, and 26 +/- 8 mseconds, respectively. Thus, during coronary arteriography in dogs, iohexol with sodium added, like ioxaglate, induced regional electrophysiologic changes in the contrast-perfused area of the myocardium, while sodium-free iohexol did not.
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PMID:Sodium addition to nonionic contrast media. Effects on cardiac monophasic action potentials and hemodynamics in a dog model. 196 31

The hemodynamic side effects of intracoronary injection of low osmolality contrast media were studied in anesthetised dogs, both with and without left ventricular (LV) failure. LV failure was induced by microembolization of the area supplied by the left main coronary artery. LV pressure and volume, aortic pressure, and cardiac output were recorded. 6 ml iodixanol 320 mg I/ml containing 20 mmol Na+/l, a new non-ionic dimer, was compared to iohexol and ioxaglate. Iodixanol induced small systolic alterations both before and after LV failure. Iohexol increased LV inotropy while ioxaglate depressed myocardial function. Before failure iodixanol and ioxaglate impaired isovolumic relaxation, but early diastolic filling was not reduced. After failure the relaxation process was not affected, but ioxaglate reduced early diastolic filling. Ioxaglate also increased LV end-diastolic pressure and volume more than the non-ionic contrast media. In conclusion, iodixanol induced only small changes in systolic and diastolic function. Iodixanol should therefore be hemodynamically well tolerated during coronary arteriography, and also in acute ischemic heart failure.
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PMID:Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function during coronary arteriography before and after acute left ventricular failure in dogs. A comparison between iodixanol, iohexol and ioxaglate. 203 95

During coronary angiography the exchange of blood with a contrast medium solution causes a period of hypoxia. To investigate whether oxygen saturation of the contrast medium could be beneficial, low osmolar contrast media were infused without and with oxygen saturation into the coronary arteries of the isolated rabbit heart. Iohexol (150-300 mg I/ml, without NaCl or with 20-30 mM NaCl), iodixanol (320 mg I/ml, contains 24 mM NaCl) and ioxaglate (160 mg I/ml, contains 75 mM Na+) were infused without and with oxygen saturation. The decrease in contractile force (CF) of the heart, from the contrast medium solutions, was reduced when the solutions were saturated with oxygen. Oxygen saturation of iohexol (350 mg I/ml, without or with 10 mM NaCl) did not change the frequency of ventricular fibrillations (VF). Low osmolar contrast media, when saturated with oxygen, thus caused a reduced decrease in CF without changing the frequency of VF. This might be beneficial in clinical cardioangiography by reducing the adverse effects from the media.
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PMID:Oxygen saturation of the low osmolar contrast media iohexol, ioxaglate and iodixanol. Effects on contractile force and frequency of ventricular fibrillation in the isolated rabbit heart. 226 3

The influence on contractile force (CF) and the propensity for ventricular fibrillation (VF) from infusing the non-ionic contrast medium iohexol during normal (75 cm H2O) and reduced perfusion pressure (35 cm H2O) were investigated in the isolated rabbit heart. Both during normal and reduced perfusion pressure iohexol (150 mg I/ml) with oxygen saturation caused a smaller reduction of CF than iohexol without oxygen. During reduced pressure iohexol with sodium addition (28 mM NaCl) caused less depression of CF than iohexol without sodium. The combination of sodium addition and oxygen saturation had the least influence on CF. Iohexol (350 mg I/ml) without sodium had a similar fibrillatory propensity during both normal and reduced pressure. Enriching iohexol with 28 mM NaCl decreased the risk of VF. The decrease was similar during both normal and reduced pressure. The risk of VF from oxygen saturation of iohexol (350 mg I/ml, without sodium) was similar during both normal and reduced pressure. It is concluded that a small addition of sodium and/or oxygen saturation of a non-ionic monomeric contrast medium have beneficial effects on the heart both during normal perfusion pressure and during ischemia.
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PMID:Sodium addition and/or oxygen saturation of iohexol during normal and reduced perfusion pressure. Effects on contractile force and risk of ventricular fibrillation in the isolated rabbit heart. 226 4


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