Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D01817 (Iohexol)
 504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This article is to present the experience in 1,000 cases given intrathecal Iohexol injection during 1985-1988, including conventional myelography in 343 cases, conventional and CT myelography in 572, only CT myelography in 60 and CT cisternography in 25. No convulsions were observed. The frequency of headache was 11.6% and the total uncomfortable subjective reaction was 19.6% after intrathecal injection, but no serious complications were found. Because of very low frequency of side effects after this injection, most of the examinations can be made in the outpatient departments. In our clinical experience, Iohexol appears to be a myelographic contrast medium with diagnostic capabilities and less morbidity compared to Metrizamide. Thus Iohexol seems to be well suited for intrathecal injection and will replace metrizamide in this respect.
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PMID:Intrathecal injection of Iohexol for routine myelography and CT myelography in 1,000 cases. 220 3

The glucose metabolism effects of six hour exposures to subarachnoid injections of metrizamide, iohexol, iodixanol and control solutions were studied in vivo in 18 rabbits. The brain tissue uptake of intravenously injected 14C labelled deoxyglucose was measured using autoradiographic techniques. Metrizamide and iodixanol caused significant (p less than 0.05) decreases in deoxyglucose uptake in the outer cortical areas where the contrast medium concentrations were highest. Iohexol and the control CSF solution did not cause significant effects. The results appear to indicate that iohexol has less effect on brain tissue glucose metabolism than either metrizamide or the new non-ionic dimer iodixanol.
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PMID:Local glucose utilization changes caused by subarachnoid contrast media in the rabbit. 237 66

The effects of x-ray contrast media on signal intensities were studied. Relaxation times of myelographic contrast media were measured. Whereas relaxation times of Amipaque were longer, compared to CSF, the relaxation times of Duroliopaque, Omnipaque und Solutrast were significantly shorter than that of CSF. Therefore, the qualitative and quantitative effects of different contrast media on signal intensities varied. Most notable was the increase of signal intensity on T1-weighted images due to oily contrast media.
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PMID:[The effect of x-ray contrast media on magnetic resonance tomography of the spinal canal]. 254 12

A consecutive series of 314 intravenous urograms performed in infants were reviewed and assessed for quality. The first 106 examinations were performed using sodium diatrizoate (Hypaque 270) as the contrast medium, the next 98 patients received metrizamide (Amipaque 280) and the final 110 received iohexol (Omnipaque 300). Thirty-five patients had to be excluded from the study for a variety of reasons, after which there were totals of 98 in the diatrizoate, 90 in the metrizamide and 91 in the iohexol groups. Assessing quality in terms of nephrographic and pyelographic density, sodium diatrizoate was found to be better than the non-ionic agents. Although the differences reached statistical significance they are small and unlikely to affect the information obtained in clinical practice. There was no difference in overall quality between metrizamide and iohexol. Comparing the degree of pyelographic distension and ureteric visualization using the three agents, no difference was found between the groups.
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PMID:Quality of urograms in infants: a comparison of sodium diatrizoate, metrizamide and iohexol. 340 47

In 51 sick newborns the influence of two different nonionic, iodine-containing contrast agents, Amipaque (group 1) and Omnipaque (group 2) and of long-term treatment with polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) (group 3) on thyroid function was studied. In the dose given, freshly dissolved Amipaque releases roughly 100 micrograms 'free' iodide/kg body weight; this release may be even higher in the solubilized agent Omnipaque because of increased breakdown. Urinary iodine excretion was elevated in all groups on day 5 after iodine exposure. In group 1, which included 17 term newborns, the median TSH level was normal after 5 days and 2 weeks, only 1 case of transient hypothyrotropinemia was observed; T4 and T3 median levels were in the lower range of normal. In groups 2 and 3, which included 8 preterm infants of 15 newborns and 9 preterm infants of 19 newborns, respectively, the median TSH values were elevated and T4 and T3 levels were very low. Hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 6 of the 8 preterm and in 1 of the 7 term newborns of group 2. In group 3, 7 of the 9 preterm and 3 of the 10 term newborns reacted with hypothyroidism. Eight preterm and 3 term newborns had to be substituted with thyroxine. The thyroid function of term newborns was less affected by Amipaque or Omnipaque than by PVP-I. The data show that preterm infants are very sensitive to an iodine load.
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PMID:Iodine in contrast agents and skin disinfectants is the major cause for hypothyroidism in premature infants during intensive care. 344 40

In order to assess the vascular clinical trial program of iohexol (Omnipaque) in Europe, the results from the first 49 vascular trials are collectively reported. The included iohexol material comprises 1742 patients. In 40 comparative trials, other contrast media like metrizamide (Amipaque), ioxaglate (Hexabrix) and various monomeric ionic media were administered in 1292 patients included in this analysis. No severe or unexpected adverse reactions related to iohexol were encountered. No clinically significant differences in radiographic image quality between the media were documented. The overall tolerability of iohexol was superior to that of monomeric ionic media and seemed to be as good as that of metrizamide.
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PMID:Intravascular studies with iohexol (Omnipaque). Results from the first 49 clinical trials. 389 45

Iohexol (300 mg I/ml) was compared with metrizamide (300 mg I/ml) in pediatric cardioangiography. Forty consecutive patients below one year of age were included in an open, randomized, comparative two-group investigation. Immediate extrasystoles occurred frequently at injections of contrast medium, but the frequency did not differ significantly between metrizamide and iohexol. Both contrast media caused only minor changes in heart rate. Iohexol caused a significantly larger increase in end diastolic pressure following injections in the left ventricle than did metrizamide. The pressure changes registered were, however, moderate in both contrast media groups and the difference between the two contrast media is probably of no clinical importance. A moderate plasma volume expansion was noted after injection of both contrast media. Metrizamide caused a slight increase of ASAT in the 10 min blood sample which differed significantly from that of iohexol, but no increase of enzyme activity was noted after 24 h and the change was considered to be of no clinical importance. Image quality was similar with both contrast media. Iohexol and metrizamide were well tolerated in pediatric cardioangiography.
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PMID:Non-ionic contrast media in cardioangiography in infants. A comparison of iohexol and metrizamide. 620 87

The haemodynamic and cardiac side effects of the new non-ionic contrast medium, iohexol, were investigated anaesthetized rats and isolated perfused rabbit hearts. Iohexol, caused a positive inotropic response in both models, elevated coronary flow and in high doses had an inhibitory influence on the cardiac conducting system. From a comparison with Amipaque and Urografin 76 it was concluded that with respect to cardiac side effects iohexol can be ranked between these media.
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PMID:Cardiovascular effects of iohexol in the rat and the isolated rabbit heart. 626 90

The vascular clinical trial programs of the contrast media metrizamide (Amipaque) and iohexol ( Omnipaque ), organized by Nyegaard & Co. AS in Northern Europe were assessed and compared. The comparison comprised some selected characteristics of the programs, self-assessment by the investigators involved in both programs (questionnaire) and assessment of the standard of the trial reports (2 evaluators). It was found that Nyegaard clinical research staff spent in average 4 1/2 month for one iohexol trial compared with one month for one of metrizamide. The reason for this found to be a higher priority, increased regulatory requirements and a uniform data pool established for the iohexol program. In general, a quality improvement was revealed for the iohexol program over the metrizamide program. The 2 evaluators as well as the questioned investigators found the reporting standard of the iohexol trials significantly higher (p less than or equal to p less than or equal to 0.05) than that of the metrizamide trials.
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PMID:Evaluation of the vascular clinical trial program of metrizamide and iohexol. 637 64

A randomized double blind study with iohexol (Omnipaque) and metrizamide (Amipaque) in cervical myelography was performed in 50 patients, 29 with iohexol and 21 with metrizamide. The myelographies were performed either with lumbar or with C1-C2 puncture in about equal groups, using 300 mg I/ml and 240 mg I/ml of the contrast media respectively. The image quality was equal with both contrast media, excellent in about 4/5 and good in 1/5 of the examinations. Subjective side effects were twice as frequent with metrizamide as with iohexol. The most frequent side effect was headache, occurring in 34% with iohexol and in 67% with metrizamide. Altogether 24% or the patients had EEG changes after iohexol as compared to 47% after metrizamide. All EEG changes were slight dysrythmia-except in three patients with spike activity after metrizamide. These were the only ones with mental reactions as well. It can be concluded that in this trial iohexol was better suited for cervical myelography than metrizamide.
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PMID:Iohexol compared to metrizamide in cervical and thoracic myelography. A randomized double blind parallel study. 639 Feb 48


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