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Query: KEGG:D01817 (Iohexol)
 504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We compared two nonionic contrast agents (ioxaglate and iohexol) with an ionic agent (Renografin-76) on the effects of ventriculography and coronary arteriography on the hemodynamics, electrocardiography, and serum creatinine in one hundred consecutive patients. Patients were randomized to nonionic or ionic groups and were further evaluated regarding the effect of fluid loading prior to catheterization. The ionic agent more often produced subjective reactions (rash, nausea/vomiting). Following ventriculography, both ionic and non-ionic agents produced an increase in left ventricular end diastolic pressure and this effect was undetermined by fluid loading. Nonionic agents decreased aortic diastolic pressure following ventriculography and this effect was unaltered by fluid loading. In contrast, the ionic agent produced profound hemodynamic changes (drop in both systolic and diastolic pressures) following coronary arteriography and these effects were blunted by prior fluid loading. The ionic agent produced significantly greater heart rate slowing and prolongation of the QT interval than the nonionic agents, suggesting that the latter are potentially less arrhythmogenic. Comparing the two non-ionic agents, we found that both decreased aortic diastolic pressure and increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure following ventriculography. Iohexol produced greater heart rate slowing than did ioxaglate, though the increase was minor compared to the ionic agent. Neither nonionic agent appeared to significantly affect serum creatinine. In conclusion, the two nonionic agents appeared to offer significant advantages over the ionic agent in ventriculography and coronary arteriography.
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PMID:Comparison of ionic and non-ionic contrast agents in cardiac catheterization: the effects of ventriculography and coronary arteriography on hemodynamics, electrocardiography, and serum creatinine. 191 99

In this study the attention was focused on the possible application of the new low-osmolar water-soluble contrast media in already existing routines for radiologic diagnostic work-up and management of the abdominal emergencies of simple intestinal obstruction and ischemia: Iohexol was a good, or better, alternative to sodium diatrizoate regarding taste acceptance and patient reactions: Seventy-five per cent of patients characterized the taste of iohexol as good or neutral, while 52% gave sodium diatrizoate similar scores. The scores were also consistently in favor of iohexol as compared with sodium diatrizoate for the other chosen criteria; nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, but a larger number of patients may be needed for conclusive evaluation. Water-soluble media may have therapeutic effects on intestinal obstruction when preceded by conventional gastric suction using a short gastric tube: Twenty-three of 25 patients with subtotal small bowel obstruction due to peritoneal adhesions improved following the ingestion of either iohexol or sodium diatrizoate. Hyperosmolar contrast media might stimulate peristalsis and dilute the bowel contents, hence, easing the passage through a subtotally obstructed bowel. In rats, a direct relationship was found between contrast medium osmolality and the degree of intestinal distension, fluid influx to the bowel lumen and the speed of contrast medium progression. The water-soluble, low-osmolar contrast media seem promising as diagnostic aids in examination of the gastrointestinal tract: The low-osmolar contrast media gave better intestinal details on films than both barium sulphate and sodium diatrizoate in rats with intestinal obstruction or ischemia when high volumes of radiopaques were employed. Also in patients iohexol retained its radiographic density in the small bowel better than sodium diatrizoate. The diagnostic efficacy of the water-soluble radiographic media varied directly with their osmolality and the resulting fluid influx to bowel lumen. Hyperosmolality stimulated contrast medium progression and bowel distension, and reduced the radiographic density of the contrast media and the alignment to the bowel wall. Water-soluble contrast media may aid the diagnosis of bowel ischemia and the evaluation of the degree of ischemic injury: No bladder opacification, following absorption of water-soluble contrast media from the simply obstructed bowel, was observed in the majority of the animals and was only faintly present in 8%. Distinct radiographic opacification of the urinary bladder in rats with intestinal ischemia was demonstrated as early as 1-2 hours after the administration of contrast medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Water-soluble contrast media in obstructed in ischemic small intestine. A clinical and experimental study. 264 49

A multicenter open, noncomparative evaluation of the safety of iohexol was prospectively conducted in 81 adult outpatients undergoing screen-film lumbar myelography. Iohexol (180 milligrams of iodine per milliliter) was administered via a lumbar route at a dose of 8-17 mL. Computed tomography (CT) was performed after myelography. The safety of iohexol was assessed by monitoring adverse reactions and neurologic status and by measuring vital signs and serum laboratory values. The most frequent adverse reaction was headache (16 of 81 patients [19.7%]). Twelve patients complained of a headache on the day of the myelographic procedure, and four patients reported a headache 24 hours after the procedure. Nausea or vomiting occurred in four of 81 patients (4.9%) only on the day myelography was performed. No other neurologic abnormalities were found. Iohexol produced myelographic and CT studies of good to excellent quality in all patients. This study indicates that iohexol can be employed safely in lumbar myelography of adult outpatients.
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PMID:Lumbar myelography with iohexol in outpatients: prospective multicenter evaluation of safety. 267 86

The non-ionic low-osmolar contrast medium Omnipaque was compared with the conventional ionic high-osmolar contrast medium Gastrografin in a randomized, double blind study comprising 71 consecutive gastrointestinal follow-through examinations performed because of suspected ileus or anastomosis control. The patients' reaction were confined to nausea, emesis and diarrhoe being very similar in both groups and related to the patients' illnesses. The taste of Gastrografin was more often judged unpleasant, but the difference was not significant. Omniplaque scored significantly better for contrast medium density and diagnostic visualisation in the small bowel, otherwise the differences were negligible. There were no significant differences in the transit time into the caecum. The high price of Omnipaque restricts its routine use. It may be diagnostically indicated in selected cases where greater accuracy in the delineation of pathologic anatomical details in the small bowel is desired.
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PMID:Omnipaque and Gastrografin in gastrointestinal follow-through examinations. 275 8

A randomized double-blind crossover study using Omnipaque 350 mg l/ml (iohexol) and Hexabrix 320 mg l/ml (ioxaglate) in 53 patients undergoing intravenous digital subtraction angiography of the carotid arteries revealed no significant differences in image quality. Some differences were found in subjective side effects that favored Omnipaque. Nausea was reported in four patients after injection of Hexabrix, and a metallic taste was significantly more frequent (p less than 0.01) with this contrast medium. The patients' preference for Omnipaque was also statistically significant (p less than 0.01). It was concluded that both contrast media are suitable for intravenous digital subtraction angiography.
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PMID:Omnipaque vs. Hexabrix in intravenous DSA of the carotid arteries: randomized double-blind crossover study. 308 63

Iohexol, a new water-soluble nonionic contrast medium, was evaluated in clinical trials in Europe and North America for lumbar, thoracic, and cervical myelography using direct C1-2 or lumbar puncture. Iohexol was administered at 180, 240, or 300 mg I/ml to 677 adult patients for visualization of the lumbar subarachnoid space, and to 368 adult patients for evaluation of the cervical area. Compared with metrizamide, use of iohexol resulted in equivalent opacification but significantly reduced patient morbidity (headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness). No epileptogenic activity was recorded in over 370 patients receiving iohexol. No mental or psycho-organic syndrome manifestations were observed in any of the 1,045 patients receiving iohexol. Adverse reactions occurring after iohexol injection were not related to the concentration or site used or to total dose administered. Iohexol has, thus far, proven superior to metrizamide for myelography.
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PMID:Iohexol: summary of North American and European clinical trials in adult lumbar, thoracic, and cervical myelography with a new nonionic contrast medium. 388 16

Cervical myelography with iohexol via C1-C2 puncture was performed in 30 patients in two medical centers using a concentration of 240 mg l/ml. The study demonstrated iohexol to be a safe contrast medium without significant changes in neurologic and physical examination, vital signs, electrocardiogram, or hematologic or blood chemistry parameters. Fifteen patients had electroencephalograms (EEGs); two were abnormal. In one patient the baseline EEG demonstrated nonspecific slow waves in the temporal regions bilaterally that remained unchanged after myelography. In the second patient, transient changes in the left hemisphere during either hyperventilation or photic stimulation on postmyelographic EEG had not been present on the baseline recording. The relation of these changes to the drug remains unclear. Iohexol was found to be an efficacious myelographic contrast agent, with good to excellent myelograms in 93% of cases. Headache occurred in 13% and nausea in 3%.
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PMID:Iohexol for cervical myelography via C1-C2 puncture: study of efficacy and adverse reactions. 393 31

The subjective side-effects of almost equivalent intravenous iodine doses of the three new low-osmolar contrast media, ioxaglate (Hexabrix), iopamidol (Niopam) and iohexol (Omnipaque) have been recorded and are found to be generally comparable. Urticaria occurred more frequently with ioxaglate than with the other contrast media and there was a tendency for ioxaglate to cause more nausea. Pain at the injection site occurred less often with ioxaglate than with iohexol. If low-osmolar contrast media are to be used in intravenous urography the relative cost of each is important, there being as yet insufficient data concerning the relative incidences of major reactions.
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PMID:Comparison of the side-effects of low-osmolar contrast media in intravenous urography. 406 28

Iohexol containing 180 mg I/ml was used in 80 patients for myelography by lumbar injection. By using an adequate volume, between 10 and 20 ml, satisfactory films were obtained in all cases. Minor adverse effects occurred in 12 patients (15%) and were more frequent in women than men; they were headache (5), nausea (3), vomiting (2), back or limb pain (5), and skin rash (1) and were of minor degree in 10 cases, moderate in the other two and lasted more than 24 h in only one case. There was no change in vital signs or neurological examination related to the studies. No patient suffered difficulty with concentration, personality change or seizures. Electroencephalograms performed on 21 patients before and during the 24 h after iohexol showed no seizure or focal activity or any significant change. Repeat lumbar punctures were performed on ten patients during the 24 h following myelography. One of these, a patient with symptoms due to disc prolapse, whose CSF was abnormal prior to the myelogram, showed a slightly increased cellular response. There was no significant change in any other case. Iohexol is a very satisfactory contrast medium for myelography and compares favourably with other non-ionic contrast media.
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PMID:Clinical trial of iohexol for lumbar myelography. 634 11

Fifty patients were examined by ascending phlebography of both legs in a prospective, double blind, within-patient series. Each leg was randomly allocated to the examination using either iohexol 300 mg I/ml or meglumine iothalamate 280 mg I/ml as the contrast medium. Immediate side effects were recorded in all patients, and delayed effects in 45 patients. Statistical analysis using the chi-square test showed that iohexol produced significantly less immediate pain in the leg than meglumine iothalamate. Iohexol produced significantly less nausea, and vomiting during the injection than meglumine iothalamate. No significant difference was found in the incidence of delayed pain and swelling with either medium. The quality of the films produced by iohexol was significantly better than that obtained with meglumine iothalamate.
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PMID:Iohexol and meglumine iothalamate in phlebography of the leg. Comparison of the tolerance. 638 36


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