Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: KEGG:D01453 (caffeine)
21,611 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 77-year-old man developed syncope after meals at the age of 75. He had been treated with anti-Parkinson's drugs such as levodopa for 18 years as a patient with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). The medications had been very effective to his parkinsonism. Ambulatory blood pressure was recorded every 20 minutes throughout one day by indirect measurement using a Colin medical instrument monitor (ABPM-630). The subsequent data disclosed that postprandial hypotension (PPH) was associated with the frequent after-meal syncope. It was also found that oral ingestion of a solution containing 50 grams of glucose caused a marked and prolonged hypotension during the resting supine position. Plasma norepinephrine failed to show any increment. Plasma vasopressin slightly increased while pulse rate, plasma renin activity, osmolality, and hematocrit did not change despite the production of severe hypotension of a relative acute onset. Signs of glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemic response were observed. Indications of systemic autonomic nervous dysfunctions were revealed in various autonomic nervous function tests. Physical treatment combined with medication such as droxidopa, midodrine and especially caffeine and fludrocortisone proved to be effective on PPH. The authors confirmed the existence of PD with symptomatic PPH. In addition, we considered this present case as an example of "progressive autonomic failure with PD" (Bannister, 1988).
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PMID:[Parkinson's disease with syncope as a chief complaint induced by prominent postprandial hypotension]. 130 Feb 58

Two percent of normal controls noted that drinking coffee made their hands shaky. Eight percent of essential tremor and 6% of Parkinson's disease patients thought that coffee worsened their tremor. In formal tests, a single oral dose of caffeine (325 mg) did not increase physiologic, essential tremor, or parkinsonian tremor at 1, 2, or 3 hours after ingestion. Caffeine only infrequently induces tremor in normal people, and it does not exacerbate pathologic tremor.
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PMID:Caffeine and tremor. 379 31

Acutely administered caffeine modestly increases blood pressure, plasma catecholamine levels, plasma renin activity, serum free fatty acid levels, urine production, and gastric acid secretion. It alters the electroencephalographic spectrum, mood, and sleep patterns of normal volunteers. Chronic caffeine consumption has no effect on blood pressure, plasma catecholamine levels, plasma renin activity, serum cholesterol concentration, blood glucose levels, or urine production. Caffeine does not appear to be useful for increasing the motility of hypomotile sperm in artificial insemination or in the therapy of minimal brain dysfunction, cancer, or Parkinson's syndrome, but it may be effective as a topical treatment of atopic dermatitis and as systemic therapy for neonatal apnea. Caffeine does not seem to be associated with myocardial infarction; lower urinary tract, renal, or pancreatic cancer; teratogenicity; or fibrocystic breast disease. The role of caffeine in the production of cardiac arrhythmias or gastric or duodenal ulcers remains uncertain.
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PMID:The health consequences of caffeine. 634 91

Adenosine acts as a neuromodulator through A1 and A2 receptors. The adenosine analogs have been recognized, among other effects, as strong depressors of the locomotor activity by acting on striatal A2 receptors. Moreover, the A2a receptor subtype is exclusively expressed in the striatum. To elucidate at the cellular level the roles of adenosine in the basal ganglia, the anatomical and functional relationships of the A2 receptors with the dopamine D1 and D2 receptors were studied in the rat striatum. In situ hybridization histochemistry was used either in combination with retrograde labeling of striatonigral neurons to determine the projection site of A2a receptor expressing neurons, or on consecutive thin sections to address the putative coexpression of the A2a receptor with the D1 or D2 receptors in individual neurons. The A2a receptor is mainly expressed by neurons projecting to the globus pallidus and expressing also the dopamine D2 receptor and enkephalin, but very sparsely by neurons projecting to the substantia nigra that express the dopamine D1 receptor and substance P. We have further examined the regulatory effect of the A2 receptors on striatal gene expression using in situ hybridization histochemistry and quantitative autoradiography. Rats unilaterally depleted in dopamine by an unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway used as a model of Parkinson's disease subsequently received chronic injections of saline or the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine. Intact rats were chronically treated with either saline, caffeine alone, caffeine with N-ethyl-carboxamidoadenosine (an equipotent A1 and A2 agonist), or caffeine with cyclohexyladenosine (a more selective A1 agonist).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Adenosine A2 receptors regulate the gene expression of striatopallidal and striatonigral neurons. 768 65

In a case-control study, we compared the past dietary habits of 342 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients recruited from nine German clinics with those of 342 controls from the same neighborhood or region. Data were gathered with a structured interview and a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire, and analyzed using multivariate conditional logistic regression to control for educational status and cigarette smoking. There was no significant difference between cases and controls in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, although there was a negative trend for the consumption of raw vegetables. Controls reported a higher potato consumption than patients (OR = 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24-0.74, highest versus lowest quartile). Patients reported eating significantly larger quantities of sweet foods as well as having more snacks than controls. This may, however, be the result of an illness-related change in dietary habits leading to a selective recall effect, since sweet foods may enhance the transport of L-dopa across the blood-brain barrier. We also found that patients consumed less beer (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.14-0.49) and spirits (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.36-0.86), but not wine, and they consumed less coffee (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.14-0.52, highest versus lowest quartile), but not tea, than controls. This may relate to a possible interaction between dopaminergic activity and the intake of ethanol or caffeine. Significantly more patients than controls reported ever consuming raw meat (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.21-2.63). These results suggest that the intake of certain foods may be associated with the development of PD.
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PMID:Diet and Parkinson's disease. I: A possible role for the past intake of specific foods and food groups. Results from a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire in a case-control study. 879 56

In the CNS, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in a wide range of degenerative processes including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and aging. However, the exact mechanism is unknown, and there is little information on possible roles of ROS in cell injury and the process on recovery of astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the brain. We examined hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced DNA fragmentation and thymidine incorporation into cultured astrocytes as an indicator of the process of recovery from astrocytic DNA injury. Astrocytes were isolated from cerebral cortices of 0-day-old rats and treated with 1 mM dibutyryl cyclic AMP for 4 days. H2O2 of 100 microM stimulated thymidine incorporation into astrocytes. Caffeine, ryanodine, cyclic ADP-ribose (endogenous ryanodine receptor agonist) and beta-NAD+ (precursor of cyclic ADP-ribose) suppressed partially the stimulatory effect of H2O2. Ruthenium red (ryanodine receptor antagonist) facilitated further the stimulatory effect of H2O2. The facilitated effect of ruthenium red on H2O2-induced thymidine incorporation was suppressed by caffeine, ryanodine, cyclic ADP-ribose and beta-NAD+. H2O2-induced DNA fragmentation and astrocytic death were suppressed by ruthenium red. These findings suggest that the process of recovery from astrocytic DNA injury by H2O2 may be regulated by Ca2+ efflux from ryanodine-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ stores.
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PMID:[Role of ryanodine receptors in hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA fragmentation and thymidine incorporation in cultured rat astrocytes]. 1019 Jan 45

It is well known that the nucleoside adenosine exerts a modulatory influence in the central nervous system by activating G protein coupled receptors. Adenosine A2A receptors, the subject of the present review, are predominantly expressed in striatum, the major area of the basal ganglia. Activation of A2A receptors interferes with effects mediated by most of the principal neurotransmitters in striatum. In particular, the inhibitory interactions between adenosine acting on A2A receptors and dopamine acting on D2 receptors have been well examined and there is much evidence that A2A receptors may be a possible target for future development of drugs for treatment of Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia and affective disorders. Our understanding of the role of striatal A2A receptors has increased dramatically over the last few years. New selective antibodies, antagonist radioligands and optimized in situ hybridization protocols have provided detailed information on the distribution of A2A receptors in rodent as well as primate striatum. Studies on the involvement of A2A receptors in the regulation of DARPP-32 and the expression of immediate early genes, such as nerve growth factor-induced clone A and c-fos, have pointed out an important role for these receptors in regulating striatopallidal neurotransmission. Moreover, by using novel selective antagonists for A2A receptors and transgenic mice lacking functional A2A receptors, crucial information on the behavioral role of striatal A2A receptors has been provided, especially concerning their involvement in the stimulatory action of caffeine and the anti-Parkinsonian properties of A2A receptor antagonists. In the present review, current knowledge on the distribution, biochemistry and function of striatal A2A receptors is summarized.
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PMID:Distribution, biochemistry and function of striatal adenosine A2A receptors. 1050 34

The present study examined the effects of repeated co-administrations of caffeine and bromocriptine for 9 consecutive days on contralateral turning in unilateral nigrostriatal 6-hydroxydopamine denervated rats. In agreement with previous data, our results showed that on the first administration, both caffeine and bromocriptine injected plus saline produced a significant increase in contralateral rotational behavior as compared to saline-saline injections. However, with repeated administrations, tolerance was observed to caffeine, but not to bromocriptine. The combination of different doses of bromocriptine (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg) with caffeine (40 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the effects of either drug injected with saline on rotational behavior, and no tolerance was observed with repeated treatment. The continuous co-administration of both substances was necessary to maintain elevated levels of rotational behavior, since withdrawing one or the other drug led to decreased contralateral turning. These results demonstrate that when caffeine is administered repeatedly in combination with bromocriptine, tolerance to its psychostimulant effects is not observed, suggesting that caffeine could be used as an adjunctive therapeutic agent with dopamine agonists for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:Repeated co-administration of caffeine and bromocriptine prevents tolerance to the effects of caffeine in the turning behavior animal model. 1062 20

In unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats, a rodent model of Parkinson's disease (PD), the adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist SCH 58261 significantly increased (+180%, p <.01) the number of rotations induced by a low dose of quinpirole (a dopamine D(2) receptor agonist), while it did not significantly modify the effects of a comparably low dose of SKF 38393 (a dopamine D(1) receptor agonist). The dose-dependent potentiating effects of SCH 58261 on quinpirole-induced turning were similar in caffeine-treated rats (1 g/l in drinking water over 14 days) and control animals (tap water). The selective potentiating effects of SCH 58261 on D(2)-dependent turning confirm the existence of a potent and specific A(2A)/D(2) receptor-receptor interaction. The persistence of the potentiating effects of SCH 58261 after chronic caffeine intake suggests that no tolerance should develop towards the antiparkinsonian effects of adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists with chronic treatment.
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PMID:Effects of SCH 58261, an adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist, on quinpirole-induced turning in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Lack of tolerance after chronic caffeine intake. 1073 27

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a perplexing, debilitating, and fairly common condition that can be challenging to manage. Hallmark symptoms include an increase in the severity of sensations during rest and an irresistible urge to move the affected limbs. RLS often occurs concomitantly with periodic limb movement disorder. There are no known causes of RLS, but likely triggers include heredity, iron and vitamin deficiencies, caffeine, and alcohol. Chronic conditions such as diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, and Parkinson's disease can worsen and prolong RLS symptoms. Symptom management begins by establishing proper nutrition intake and improved sleep hygiene. If these fail, conservative pharmacologic treatment is appropriate, with regimens chosen from dopaminergic agents, benzodiazepines, opioids, and anticonvulsants.
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PMID:Restless legs syndrome. How to provide symptom relief with drug and nondrug therapies. 1077 1


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