Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D01398 (Dermatol)
 262,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ammonium persulfate is widely used to "boost" peroxide hair bleaches. These persulfates can produce a variety of cutaneous and respiratory responses, including allergic eczematous contact dermatitis, irritant dermatitis, localized edema, generalized urticaria, rhinitis, asthma, and syncope. Some of these reactions appear to be truly allergic while others appear to be due to the release of histamine on a nonallergic basis. Patch tests may be performed with 2% to 5% aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate. Scratch tests may result in asthma and syncope. In some patients, merely rubbing a saturated solution of ammonium persulfate into the skin will evoke a large urticarial wheal. Hairdressers should be made aware that these ammonium persulfate hair bleach preparations may provoke severe reactions and should seek medical attention if the client complains of severe itching, tingling, a burning sensation, hives, dizziness, or weakness.
Arch Dermatol 1976 Oct
PMID:Persulfate hair bleach reactions. Cutaneous and respiratory manifestations. 96 35

In the absence of more effective treatment for advanced tumors, early diagnosis and treatment of localized tumors is the most effective way of reducing the burden of illness associated with melanoma. This study examined the following factors: prevalence of signs of melanoma (a mole changing in size, shape, appearance, or color, itching or tingling, bleeding or weeping, becoming raised) in 1344 individuals in a randomly selected sample of 1075 households; the length of delay in seeking medical advice; the factors associated with either going to a medical practitioner or not going/delaying; and the actions of the medical practitioners when first presented with these signs. The results indicate that a large proportion of the sample (11.9%, n = 156) had observed signs of melanoma in the previous 12 months. Of the sample reporting signs that had first appeared in the previous 5 years, only 32% sought medical advice about the signs within the recommended period. Of the sample either not seeking advice at all or delaying, 49% reported that they thought the sign "wasn't serious/would clear up." Furthermore, 30% of the sample either did not known or underrated the importance of early detection and treatment of lesions. These results indicate that there is a deficit in the knowledge of the general public about the signs of melanoma, the severity of the disease, and the possible risks associated with delay.
Arch Dermatol 1991 Mar
PMID:A community study of delay in presenting with signs of melanoma to medical practitioners. 173 10

A double-blind, placebo-controlled therapeutic trial of ketoconazole presented as a foam and applied only once was carried out on 61 patients by a group of 15 private dermatologists practising in the Paris region. All patients had tinea versicolor clinically diagnosed, then confirmed by a positive patch test, as assessed by a single mycologist. The main criterion of therapeutic effectiveness was negativation of the patch test 30 days after a single topical application of the ketoconazole foam. On day 30, the test was negative in 22 of the 28 patients in the ketoconazole group and in 5 of the 29 patients in the placebo (i.e. excipient) group (p less than 10(-5). Clinical and mycological cure was observed in only 11 of the 28 patients treated with the active substance, but among the 11 patients who still showed skin lesions despite a negative mycological examination 10 had achromic lesions which could be regarded as residual. This clearly indicates that the only criterion that can be used in a therapeutic trial on tinea versicolor is the mycological result. The active substance and the excipient were well tolerated; two patients in the ketoconazole group reported tingling of the skin at the site of application. We conclude that a single application of ketoconazole foam in effective and well tolerated in tinea versicolor. The single application technique unquestionably has advantages over repeated applications and should result in better patient's compliance and greater effectiveness in the long term.
Ann Dermatol Venereol 1990
PMID:[A double-blind placebo-controlled study of a 2 percent foaming lotion of ketoconazole in a single application in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor]. 207 61

Meralgia paresthetica has been described as a common affliction of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, creating the symptoms of numbness, tingling, and paresthesias in the overlying areas of the lateral and anterior thigh. It is second only to sciatica in peripheral nerve diseases of the lower extremity. We present two patients with classic symptoms of meralgia paresthetica and nonscarring alopecia overlying and demarcating the areas of paresthesias. Meralgia paresthetica should be included in the differential diagnosis of localized alopecia of the anterior or lateral thigh.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1985 Jan
PMID:Alopecia in meralgia paresthetica. 397 15

Occupational exposure to fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, has been reported to cause paresthesia. An assay was devised in our laboratory for subjective grading of the sensation produced by the topical application of this compound. The present double-blind study compared human discrimination of topically applied technical fenvalerate, the heavy-ends fraction of fenvalerate, and ethyl alcohol (vehicle). Both forms of fenvalerate showed a statistically significant increase in inducing paresthesia over the vehicle alone. The onset of the cutaneous sensations occurred at one hour, peaked at three to six hours, and lasted approximately 24 hours. Numbness, itching, burning, tingling, and warmth were the most frequently reported sensations. The difference between the two fractions of fenvalerate was not statistically significant.
Arch Dermatol 1984 Jun
PMID:Paresthesia from cutaneous exposure to a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. 672 39

Tap-water iontophoresis (TWI) using direct current (DC) is the most effective therapy in palmoplantar hyperhidrosis. Side-effects of this method are discomfort, with burning and tingling, and skin irritation, including erythema and vesicles. Incorrect use may induce iontophoretic burns at sites of minor skin injury. Elaborate safety measures are required to prevent electric shock. The aim of this study was to minimize side-effects and to increase technical and safety standards of TWI, without loss of efficacy. In a controlled blind study, treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis by alternating current (AC) or by AC with DC-offset (AC/DC) was compared with the conventional DC method. Palmar hyperhidrosis was completely controlled after an average of 11 treatments by either AC/DC iontophoresis or the conventional DC method. Virtually no effect was seen when AC without DC-offset was used for TWI. There were no signs of cutaneous irritation, or subjective sensations of discomfort when AC with or without DC-offset was employed. AC/DC iontophoresis should become the treatment of choice for palmoplantar hyperhidrosis. The mechanism of action is unknown. It is hypothesized that an interrupted stimulus-secretion-coupling leads to a functional disturbance of sweat secretion.
Br J Dermatol 1993 Aug
PMID:Iontophoresis with alternating current and direct current offset (AC/DC iontophoresis): a new approach for the treatment of hyperhidrosis. 765 77

A 69-year-old Japanese man suffered from bronchial asthma, atrial fibrillation, general fatigue, high fever, and weight loss of about 5 kg within a month. He also had intermittent claudication, a tingling feeling in his fingers and toes, and an ulcer on his toe. His laboratory data revealed leukocytosis with absolute eosinophilia. The patient was treated with predonisolone 30 mg daily. Although the ulcers healed once, the lesions recurred with tapering predonisolone. The patient visited us because of the ulcer on his toe. Physical examination showed a 2 cm ulcer surrounded by slight erythema on his right fourth toe. Magnetic resonance angiography detected tapering stenosis of the medium-sized arteries in both legs. A biopsy from his myocardium showed the infiltration of eosinophils into the myocardium. The neuron conduction rate of his lower leg was slower than that of the normal control, demonstrating mononeuritis. From these findings, we diagnosed this patient as Churg-Strauss syndrome.
J Dermatol 2001 Mar
PMID:Churg-Strauss syndrome involving medium-sized arteries. 1134 69

Eflornithine is a specific, irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase which is thought to slow hair growth by inhibiting this enzyme in hair follicles. Percutaneous absorption of eflornithine in women with unwanted facial hair (hirsutism) was < 1% when the 15% cream was applied twice daily to a shaved 50 cm2 area of skin under the chin. In clinical studies in women with excessive, unwanted facial hair, eflornithine 15% cream was superior to placebo in reducing hair growth, as demonstrated by objective and subjective methods, after 2 to 8 weeks' treatment. After 24 weeks' treatment, 58% of eflornithine and 34% of placebo recipients had at least some improvement in facial hirsutism (for the purposes of this analysis all patients not assessed at week 24 were considered to be worse or to have no improvement). In addition, 32 versus 8% of patients were judged to be successfully treated (at least marked improvement). Hair growth returned to pretreatment rates within 8 weeks of stopping treatment. Use of a self-assessment questionnaire to assess the effect of study treatment on 6 aspects of patient well-being showed that eflornithine reduced the mean level of overall discomfort and bother by 33 versus 15% in placebo recipients. Adverse events mostly affected the skin. Only burning/stinging/tingling was markedly more common with eflornithine than with placebo.
Am J Clin Dermatol 2001
PMID:Topical eflornithine. 1170 97

A 56-year-old-man who had refractory anemia with an excess of blasts underwent an allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from his brother after preparation with melphalan and fludarabin. He received GvHD (graft-vs.-host disease) prophylaxis with cyclosporine from day -1 at a daily dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight. The daily dosage was tapered gradually from day +20. On post-PBSCT day 68 he developed acute cutaneous GvHD grade 3 and acute gastrointestinal GvHD grade 2-3, which was resolved with a daily dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight of prednisone. The patient was discharged in good clinical condition and without signs of GvHD, and he started tapering his immunosuppressive treatment. By day 160 he developed oral lichen planus-like changes, with several reticulate white lesions on the oral mucosa. A biopsy specimen was microscopically consistent with lichenoid GvHD (Fig. 1). By day 150 after PBSCT, when he was being treated with CsA 100 mg once daily and prednisone 10 mg once daily, his fingernails started to grow abnormally and gradually became dystrophic and painful. Two months later his toenails became similarly affected. Although affecting all finger and toe nails, the lesions were especially important in both thumbs. Physical examination revealed multiple findings on his nails (Fig. 2): thickening, fragility, onycholysis, longitudinal striations, and even pterygium. The micological cultures were negative. A biopsy specimen showed an sparse papillary dermis lymphoid infiltrate with focal exocytosis and presence of isolated multiple necrotic keratinocytes (Fig. 3). These findings were interpreted as a lichenoid GvHD with oral and nail involvement. The patient did not have other associated cutaneous lesions. He did not develop signs or symptoms consistent with hepatic GvHD. In May 2000 thalidomide was added to the immunosuppressive therapy, at a daily dose from 100 to 300 mg according to tolerance (constipation, sedation, ...). The lesions on the oral mucous showed a substantial improvement, but the nail changes remained more or less stable. Thalidomide was discontinued after 7 months because the patient displayed numbness and tingling in the hands and feet consistent with a peripheral neuropathy. Twenty days later he stopped taking thalidomide and the oral lichenoid lesions worsened, resulting in difficulty in eating. He also developed periungueal erythema, swelling and intense pain after minimal trauma. The daily dose of prednisone increased to 20-30 mg with moderate improvement. However, the dose could not be increased because of the secondary immunosuppressive effects. Twenty-three months post-PBSCT the patient remains with intense oral and nail lichenoid lesions.
Int J Dermatol 2002 Jan
PMID:Lichenoid nail changes as sole external manifestation of graft vs. host disease. 1189 13

The purpose of this open-label study was to determine the adverse event rate of topical 4HA/tretinoin when used twice daily for up to 24 weeks with concomitant sunscreen in the treatment of solar lentigines and related hyperpigmented lesions. There were two treatment areas: bilateral dorsal forearms, including the back of the hands; and the face, including the forehead and cheek areas. Each treatment area had a target lesion at least 5 mm in diameter and was moderately darker than the surrounding skin. A nine-point bipolar scale was used for evaluation of Target Lesion Pigmentation (0 = extremely lighter than pigment of the surrounding skin, 4 = equal with pigment of surrounding skin, 8 = extremely darker than pigment of surrounding skin). The other solar lentigines present in the treatment areas also had to have an overall pigmentation grade of at least Grade 6. Twice daily applications to individual lesions in each treatment area were made for up to 24 weeks followed by a 4-week follow-up phase. Sunscreen applications (sunscreen with sun protection factor (SPF) 25 or greater) were made every morning and reapplied after six hours if additional sun exposure was expected. Clinical evaluations were performed at weeks 0, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 28. The clinical signs of Target Lesion Pigmentation and Overall Lesion Pigmentation were evaluated at each visit. A total of 96 subjects were enrolled at four study centers; 77 (80%) subjects completed the study. Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) for 4HA/tretinoin included erythema, burning/stinging/tingling, desquamation, pruritus, skin irritation, halo hypopigmentation and hypopigmentation. Five (5%) subjects discontinued from the study due to adverse events considered to be related to study medication. When used with sunscreen of SPF 25 or greater, 4HA/tretinoin was safe and well tolerated and did not produce any unexpected or unusual adverse events.
J Drugs Dermatol 2003 Apr
PMID:A promising new treatment for solar lentigines. 1285 66


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