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Query: KEGG:D01398 (Dermatol)
 262,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary hyperidrosis (PH) is a disorder characterized by excessive eccrine sweat gland production that primarily involves the axillae as well as palms and soles. Common first-line topical treatment for PH consists of aluminum salts (AS) that act by physically blocking eccrine sweat gland ducts. However, primary irritant contact dermatitis is a common side effect of AS treatment. Recently, a new low-residue, thermophobic foam formulation containing 20% aluminum sesquichlorohydrate has been developed (Nidrox, Mipharm S.p.A.). To evaluate the local tolerability and efficacy of 20% aluminum sesquichlorohydrate foam in the treatment of axillary and palmar PH. Twenty subjects affected by PH were enrolled in a multicenter, open-label study. Local tolerability was evaluated by physicians assessing itching, burning, and skin irritation using a four-point score (from 0: no symptoms to 3: severe symptoms). Skin irritation was quantified with a visual score. Efficacy was assessed by means of Minor test score using a four-point score (range 0-3). The foam was applied to clean dry skin, every night during the first 2 weeks and three times a week during the following 2 weeks. Clinical evaluations were performed at baseline, at day 14 and at day 28. Patients were monitored throughout the study for adverse events. All 20 subjects completed the study. The foam induced a significant reduction of the Minor score in comparison with baseline values (p = 0.0002) both at day 14 and at day 28. At the end of the 4-week treatment period, the foam reduced eccrine sweating by 61% (Minor score: 3.3 vs. 8.5). No skin irritation was observed during the trial except for one subject who experienced a mild and transient itching sensation. No other side effects were reported during the study. This new foam appears to be an effective and well-tolerated topical treatment in reducing sweating in patients with axillary and palmar PH.
Dermatol Ther 2008 Jul
PMID:An open-label tolerability and efficacy study of an aluminum sesquichlorohydrate topical foam in axillary and palmar primary hyperhidrosis. 1872 13

Untoward reactions to cosmetics, toiletries, and topical applications are the commonest single reason for hospital referrals with allergic contact dermatitis. In most cases, these are only mild or transient and most reactions being irritant rather than allergic in nature. Various adverse effects may occur in the form of acute toxicity, percutaneous absorption, skin irritation, eye irritation, skin sensitization and photosensitization, subchronic toxicity, mutagenicity/genotoxicity, and phototoxicity/photoirritation. The safety assessment of a cosmetic product clearly depends upon how it is used, since it determines the amount of substance which may be ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes. Concentration of ingredients used in the different products is also important. Various test procedures include in vivo animal models and in vitro models, such as open or closed patch test, in vivo skin irritation test, skin corrosivity potential tests (rat skin transcutaneous electrical resistance test, Episkin test), eye irritation tests (in vivo eye irritancy test and Draize eye irritancy test), mutagenicity/genotoxicity tests (in vitro bacterial reverse mutation test and in vitro mammalian cell chromosome aberration test), and phototoxicity/photoirritation test (3T3 neutral red uptake phototoxicity test). Finished cosmetic products are usually tested in small populations to confirm the skin and mucous membrane compatibility, and to assess their cosmetic acceptability.
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol
PMID:Adverse reactions to cosmetics and methods of testing. 1917 25

Liposomes are vesicles consisting of spherical phospholipid bi-layers with specific properties making them useful for topical application of drugs. Liposome research has expanded considerably over the last 30 years and nowadays, it is possible to construct a wide range of liposomes varying in size, phospholipids composition and surface characteristics to suit the specific application for which they are intended. In dermatology, the topical application of liposomes has proven to be of therapeutic value. Liposomes can be used as carriers for hydrophilic as well as lipophilic therapeutic agents because of their amphipathic character. They may improve stabilization of instable drugs by encapsulating them and serve as penetration enhancers facilitating the transport of compounds that otherwise cannot penetrate the skin. Liposomes help in reducing skin irritation by sustaining the release of drugs and by hydration of the epidermis. They also have the potential to target drugs into the pilosebaceous structures and hence they have an additional advantage for treatment of hair follicle-associated disorders. Clinical data indicate that 5-ALA encapsulated in liposomes improves the quality of Fluorescence Diagnosis by ALA-induced Porphyrins (FD) and optimizes the results of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT).
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009 May
PMID:Liposomes in dermatology today. 1917 3

Affecting over 80% of adolescents, acne is a widespread condition with substantial negative physical and emotional effects, and significant societal cost. Cleansing the acne patient involves several considerations, including matching skin type to the right type of cleanser, optimal times and methods of cleansing, treating parts of the body other than the face, and patient perceptions of the cause and treatment of acne. Moisturizing prevents and alleviates skin irritation, soothing the skin by slowing the evaporation of water. Many liquid face cleansers also moisturize, which may be all that is needed for a patient with oily skin. Protection from sun and environmental damage is important for all patients. While sunscreens are often irritants, the best options for young, oily, acne-prone skin tend to have a water or light liquid base. Moisturizing sunscreens are appropriate for patients with dry, sun-damaged skin, as well as those who wear makeup, have other skin diseases, or are easily irritated by products. Overall, treating acne patients should include education in patient-friendly terms and promoting healthy daily skin care practices, including cleansing and protection against environmental damage.
Am J Clin Dermatol 2009
PMID:Cleansing and moisturizing in acne patients. 1920 47

Topical retinoids have been used in the treatment of pigmentary disorders such as melasma, actinic lentigines, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. This article evaluates the clinical efficacy and tolerability of retinoid treatment for pigmentary disorders through an evidence-based approach. We searched the MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library databases using the keywords 'retinoid' combined with 'melasma,' 'lentigines,' or 'postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.' For each study, the methodology and outcomes were assessed according to specific criteria. There is fair evidence to support the use of topical tretinoin as a monotherapy in the treatment of melasma as well as in the treatment of lentigines (grade B). Adverse effects of topical retinoids are quite frequent, and include local skin irritation, erythema, and peeling, and their severity is mild to moderate. There is evidence to support the use of topical tretinoin in a fixed, triple-combination therapy (hydroquinone 4%/tretinoin 0.05%/fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%) for the treatment of melasma (grade B). There is poor evidence (grade C) to support the use of combination formulations for the treatment of lentigines, and large, randomized, double-blind, controlled trials are needed to further evaluate their use for this indication. In conclusion, there is evidence to support the use of topical retinoids as monotherapy or in combination with other topical agents in the treatment of pigmentary disorders.
Am J Clin Dermatol 2009
PMID:The role of topical retinoids in the treatment of pigmentary disorders: an evidence-based review. 1948 58

Fixed combination products of clindamycin 1% (as 1.2% clindamycin phosphate) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 5% are commonly used in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Although any given topical acne product may be therapeutically effective, signs and symptoms of cutaneous tolerability may lead to missed applications by the patient, thus limiting adherence to therapy. BPO and other formulation components such as surfactants, preservatives and high levels of organic solvents can cause cutaneous irritation and dryness. BPO irritation is dose-dependent. An approach to optimizing the BPO concentration was undertaken to develop a surfactant- and preservative-free, clindamycin and low concentration (<5%) BPO formulation. A 33% reduction in skin irritation was seen when the BPO concentration was halved from 5% to 2.5% (clindamycin-BPO 2.5% gel), maintaining a comparable amount of total BPO delivered to the skin. As a result, clindamycin-BPO 2.5% gel appears to provide efficacy comparable to that of higher concentration (5%) fixed clindamycin-BPO combination products and should optimize patient compliance as a result of the reduction in cutaneous tolerability reactions, including signs of skin irritation or dryness. Clinical studies have shown clindamycin-BPO 2.5% gel to be highly effective with the potential for a more favorable tolerability profile compared to products containing higher concentrations of BPO.
J Drugs Dermatol 2009 Jul
PMID:The development and optimization of a fixed combination of clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide aqueous gel. 1958 39

High-potency topical corticosteroids are very effective for the treatment of psoriasis, but are associated with a number of cutaneous adverse effects. Vitamin D modulators have emerged as an important alternative to corticosteroids for the long-term topical treatment of psoriasis. Calcitriol 3 microg/g ointment has long been used to treat psoriasis in Europe and is now the only vitamin D3 ointment available for use in the United States (U.S.). Several randomized clinical trials have compared the safety, efficacy, and cosmetic acceptability of calcitriol ointment with other topical psoriasis therapies. In a three-week investigator-blinded study of 25 healthy subjects, calcitriol 3microg/g ointment was associated with markedly less cumulative skin irritation than was calcipotriene ointment. A multicenter, investigator-blinded study of patients with psoriasis found that investigator-rated global improvement of psoriasis symptoms with calcitriol ointment was statistically noninferior to calcipotriene ointment and that calcitriol use produced significantly fewer patients with cutaneous reactions or discomfort. A multicenter clinical trial of patients with psoriasis who had lesions affecting sensitive skin areas found that calcitriol use produced less skin irritation than did calcipotriene and was generally preferred to calcipotriene ointment by patients. Calcitriol was also significantly more effective for the treatment of psoriasis lesions affecting flexural areas. In another study, patients who received calcitriol ointment exhibited improvement in psoriasis symptoms that was similar to the corticosteroid betamethasone propionate, but were much less likely to have relapsed eight weeks after treatment discontinuation. Two clinical studies also suggested that calcitriol is similar in efficacy to short-contact dithranol, but with a lower incidence of skin irritation and staining. Together, the results of these studies demonstrate that calcitriol 3 microg/g ointment is a significant new option for topical therapy of psoriasis. Calcitriol ointment produces improvement in psoriasis symptoms that is generally similar to the improvement attained with other (except for high potency steroid) topical psoriasis therapies, with a low incidence of adverse events.
J Drugs Dermatol 2009 Aug
PMID:Calcitriol 3 microg/g ointment: an effective and safe addition to the armamentarium in topical psoriasis therapy. 1970 32

Background Mastocytosis is characterized by the accumulation and activation of mast cells in different organs, most commonly the skin. Miltefosine, a raft modulator, has recently been shown to inhibit the activation of mast cells and to reduce mast cell-driven skin inflammatory responses. Objectives To study the safety and efficacy of topical miltefosine treatment of skin lesions in patients with mastocytosis. Methods Thirty-nine adult patients with mastocytosis with skin involvement were treated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial with topical miltefosine and clobetasol for 2 weeks. Treatment areas were analysed for changes in skin lesions and symptoms following mechanical irritation using novel volumetric imaging techniques and quantitative histomorphometry. Results Miltefosine and clobetasol failed to reduce significantly weals and flare-type skin responses following mechanical provocation. Miltefosine showed a trend towards reducing the volume of weals. Clobetasol significantly decreased the volume of weals and the number of mast cells in the upper dermis. Treatment with miltefosine, but not with clobetasol, was often associated with eczematous skin irritation, which may, at least in part, be related to the formulation of miltefosine containing the potentially irritating alkanol propanediol as the vehicle. Conclusions Raft modulators such as miltefosine are promising candidates for novel therapeutic strategies in patients with cutaneous mastocytosis. Future studies should be performed with improved formulations using nonirritant vehicles.
Br J Dermatol 2010 Jan
PMID:Effects of topical treatment with the raft modulator miltefosine and clobetasol in cutaneous mastocytosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 1978 5

Erythroderma is an uncommon skin disorder characterized by generalized reddening and scaling of over 90% of the skin. It represents a maximal stage of skin irritation induced by several skin diseases such as psoriasis, contact dermatitis, drug reactions, and mycosis fungoides. Data including the clinical symptoms, laboratory examinations and skin biopsies were collected from 82 erythroderma patients admitted to our hospital in the period between Jan.1st, 2003 and Dec.31st, 2008. According to clinical findings, laboratory findings and biopsy results, the most common causative factors were pre-existing dermatoses (72.0%), followed by drug reactions (17.0%), idiopathic causes (6.1%) and malignancies (4.9%). Among the pre-existing dermatoses, psoriasis is the most common etiology (30.5%). We also found hypereosinophilic syndrome, sarcoidosis and dermatomyositis could be causes of erythroderma. In the drug-induced group, Chinese traditional herbal medicines were probably the most frequently implicated drugs in our series, with 9 of the 14 cases (64.3%). Follow-up information was obtained for 65 patients, and most of our patients had improved symptoms after treatment. In our series we found a high percentage of erythroderma secondary to pre-existing dermatoses and a low percentage of erythroderma secondary to malignancy. Among drugs as an etiological group, Chinese traditional herbal medicines were the most frequent drugs. From our follow-up study, the prognosis of most patients with erythroderma is relatively good.
Eur J Dermatol
PMID:Erythroderma: A clinical-etiological study of 82 cases. 2040 Mar 88

Occupational dermatitis to personal protective equipment (PPE), particularly to gloves, mainly occurs in healthcare workers. They are all irritant and/or allergic contact dermatitis (eczema and contact urticaria). Prolonged glove wearing by healthcare workers favours skin irritation of the hands and wrists. It is very important to consider characteristics and materials of gloves used in the medical field. Rubber additives are the main allergens in gloves. Latex or natural rubber remains by far the most frequent cause for occupational contact urticaria from gloves. The problem of prevention of infections risks in the health environment and the choice of medico-surgical gloves is described. In a surgical environment (in ORS), double gloving is recommended. Today, it appears as the best protection, even if in France it is far from being systematically used. Choosing the appropriate medical or surgical gloves requires having sufficient preliminary information on the assets, drawbacks and use limits of each of them. In cases of known contact allergic dermatitis, advice from dermatologists or allergologists is essential when it comes to suggesting substitution gloves.
Eur J Dermatol
PMID:Update on medical and surgical gloves. 2052 15


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