Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: KEGG:D00950 (Norplant)
 815 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The potential of an estradiol patch (100 mcg/day for 6 weeks) to reduce the menstrual disturbances associated with progestogen-only contraception was investigated in 98 Norplant users. Of the 64 subjects reporting abnormal bleeding, 33 were given an estradiol patch and 31 received a placebo patch; the 34 Norplant users with normal bleeding patterns served as controls. Clinical improvement was recorded in 23 estradiol patch and 13 placebo patch subjects, a nonsignificant difference. Ovarian activity, demonstrated by fluctuating high levels of estrogen, occurred in most Norplant users, but without ovulation. Serum levonorgestrel concentrations ranged from 1000 to 1500 pmol/l, with no significant differences according to group. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were low (range, 20-50 nmol/l), again with no significant group differences. Both levonorgestrel and SHBG concentrations were steadier in women with normal bleeding patterns. Histology revealed that endometrial specimens from Norplant users were more atrophic than proliferative. Significantly increased mean immunostaining scores of stromal progesterone receptor were noted in Norplant users whose endometrium appeared atrophic. Also observed were low estrogen receptor concentrations in both glandular and stromal compartments. Overall, these findings suggest that progestogen-related bleeding abnormalities are related to the bioavailability of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrium rather than histological changes.
 ...
PMID:The effect of transdermal oestradiol on bleeding pattern, hormonal profiles and sex steroid receptor distribution in the endometrium of Norplant users. 898 53