Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: KEGG:D00446 (Sucralfate)
 278 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sucralfate, an aluminum salt of sucrose octasulfate, has been shown to be effective in reducing the discomfort of radiation therapy-induced oral mucositis. This study was done to determine whether sucralfate could be used as a nutritional source for dental caries-producing organisms. Three Streptococcus strains were cultured in a defined medium. Sucralfate powder was evaluated for its ability to be used as a carbohydrate food source by these organisms. The addition of sucralfate alone did not stimulate the organism's growth. The addition of sucralfate and glucose resulted in less growth than the addition of glucose alone. Increasing the sucralfate concentration from 1% to 10% in the glucose-containing cultures resulted in statistically significant growth inhibition (p less than 0.02). Sucralfate appears to have no cariogenic potential and may have some cariostatic potential.
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PMID:The effect of sucralfate on the growth of cariogenic streptococci. 177 88

Peristomal and perineal excoriation commonly occurs despite preventive measures. Drainage from around gastrostomy tubes or ongoing perineal soilage after a pull-through procedure can lead to chemical irritation, cutaneous denudation, and chronic discomfort. A multitude of topical agents have been tried with variable results. We present our experience using topical sucralfate. Fifteen patients with stomal or perineal skin ulceration were treated with topical sucralfate only after other agents had failed. Clinical photographs were obtained first. Sucralfate, prepared as either a powder or an emollient, was liberally applied to the affected area during diaper changes or when the stomal appliance was emptied. For tube gastrostomy sites, sucralfate was applied every 4 to 6 hours as required to maintain a visible layer. In 13 patients, complete healing occurred. Recovery time was dependent on the severity and extent of skin denudation. Partial healing occurred in one patient. In another patient, the skin excoriation healed but a residual candidal rash required addition of an antifungal agent. General observations included: (1) a lag time of 2 to 3 days before visible healing was evident; (2) healing occurred from the perimeter; (3) sucralfate was soothing and reduced discomfort; (4) it was ineffective for fungal dermatitis; and (5) sucralfate did not appear to have toxic or systemic effects. Topically applied sucralfate is soothing, safe, and effective.
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PMID:Topical sucralfate: effective therapy for the management of resistant peristomal and perineal excoriation. 181 56

Sucralfate, an aluminum hydroxide complex of sulfated sucrose used in the treatment of gastric ulcer, was shown to prevent irradiation-induced diarrhea and bowel discomfort significantly in patients treated for pelvic cancer with external radiotherapy with intent to cure. The double-blind placebo-controlled study included 70 patients with carcinoma of the prostate and urinary bladder without distant metastasis (T1-4NO1xMO) and performance status of greater than or equal to 90% Karnofsky scale. Radiotherapy was administered in a conventional manner with MeV photons and a four-field technique. The total dose was 62-66 Gy and total treatment time of 6.5 weeks. Dose granules of sucralfate or placebo were dispensed to each patient 2 weeks after radiation started and continued for 6 weeks. All analyses were performed blindly. Seven of 34 evaluable patients in the placebo group and 18 of 32 evaluable patients in the sucralfate group did not present with diarrhea during the observation period. The frequency of defecation and stool consistency were significantly improved by sucralfate. Fourteen patients in the placebo group and only three in the sucralfate group required symptomatic therapy with loperamide. There was no evidence of adverse effects associated with the use of sucralfate. Sucralfate can be of beneficial value in diminishing the bowel discomfort during radiotherapy of pelvic malignancies, and the earlier proposed mechanisms of action (e.g., protection of denuded mucosa, cytoprotective properties, binding bile acids) can also be valid for the current effects of sucralfate.
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PMID:Prevention of irradiation-induced bowel discomfort by sucralfate: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study when treating localized pelvic cancer. 188 3

Dyspepsia can be defined as the presence of upper abdominal pain or discomfort; other symptoms referable to the proximal gastrointestinal tract, such as nausea, early satiety, and bloating, may also be present. Symptoms may or may not be meal related. To be termed chronic, dyspepsia should have been present for three months or longer. Over half the patients who present with chronic dyspepsia have no evidence of peptic ulceration, other focal lesions, or systemic disease and are diagnosed as having non-ulcer (or functional) dyspepsia. Non-ulcer dyspepsia is a heterogeneous syndrome. It has been proposed that this entity can be subdivided into a number of symptomatic clusters or groupings that suggest possible underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. These groupings include ulcer-like dyspepsia (typical symptoms of peptic ulcer are present), dysmotility (stasis)-like dyspepsia (symptoms include nausea, early satiety, bloating, and belching that suggest gastric stasis or small intestinal dysmotility), and reflux-like dyspepsia (heartburn or acid regurgitation accompanies upper abdominal pain or discomfort). The aetiology of non-ulcer dyspepsia is not established, although it is likely a multifactorial disorder. Motility abnormalities may be important in a subset of dyspepsia patients but probably do not explain the symptoms in the majority. Epidemiological studies have not convincingly demonstrated an association between Helicobacter pylori and non-ulcer dyspepsia. Other potential aetiological mechanisms, such as increased gastric acid secretion, psychological factors, life-event stress, and dietary factors, have not been established as causes of non-ulcer dyspepsia. Management of non-ulcer dyspepsia is difficult because its pathogenesis is poorly understood and is confounded because of a high placebo response rate. Until more data are available, it seems reasonable that treatment regimens target the clinical groupings described above. Antacids are no more effective than placebo in non-ulcer dyspepsia, although a subgroup of non-ulcer dyspepsia patients with reflux-like or ulcer-like symptoms may respond to H2-receptor antagonists. However, there is no significant benefit of these agents over placebo in many cases. Bismuth has been shown to be superior to placebo in patients with H. pylori in a number of studies, but these trials had several shortcomings and others have reported conflicting findings. Sucralfate was demonstrated in one study to be superior to placebo, but this finding was not confirmed by another group of investigators. Prokinetic drugs appear to be efficacious, and may be most useful in patients with dysmotility-like and reflux-like dyspepsia.
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PMID:Non-ulcer dyspepsia: myths and realities. 188 33

Sucralfate plays an important role in peptic ulcer disease, reflux esophagitis, stress erosions and bleeding, and as adjunctive therapy in variceal sclerosis. In accordance with its pharmacologic characteristics, however, one may readily envisage disease states worth investigating, such as irradiation-induced mucosal damage of the esophagus. Especially the combination of external and intraluminal radiotherapy via the after-load technique may cause substantial and occasionally long-standing ulceration of the esophageal lining and discomfort. Several conditions of the stomach deserve further study. Increasingly common is gastric mucosal damage induced by aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. On the basis of its various pharmacologic principles sucralfate should theoretically offer protection against such lesions, and, in fact, there are human pharmacologic and clinical studies available supporting this idea. Another disease entity in which sucralfate should be studied in more depth is that of biliary alkaline reflux gastropathy as often seen after gastric surgery. Sucralfate should also be evaluated in those difficult clinical conditions known to be resistant to any therapeutic attempt with currently available drugs, such as erosive varioliform gastritis and hypertrophic gastropathy with heavy inflammation of the mucosa and giant coarsening of the gastric rugae. The results obtained with sucralfate in variceal sclerosis are indeed intriguing, even though the mechanism is not understood. It has been shown that sucralfate has some efficacy in patients with hemorrhagic gastritis. In many patients receiving chemotherapy, mucosal damage may occur both in the mouth and throughout the gastrointestinal tract, including the small bowel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Future potential applicability of sucralfate in gastroenterology. 219 Mar 5

The efficacy of orally administered sucralfate suspension in preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced mucositis was evaluated in a double-blind trial. Forty-eight children and adolescents with newly diagnosed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were randomized to receive suspensions of either sucralfate or placebo orally every 6 hours during the first 10 weeks of intensive remission-induction chemotherapy. Patients given sucralfate suspension were less likely than subjects receiving placebo to acquire colonization with potentially pathogenic microorganisms: 14 (58%) of 24 versus 22 (92%) of 24, respectively (p = 0.008). However, no effect on preexisting colonization was noted. Subjective reporting of discomfort, objective scoring of the severity of mucositis, and the maximal percent of body weight lost during therapy were similar; 58% of patients receiving sucralfate reported no oral pain compared with 25% receiving placebo (p = 0.06). Ten episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding, 25 documented infections, and 886 days with fever were also equally distributed between sucralfate and placebo groups. We conclude that sucralfate suspension is of limited, if any efficacy, in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Sucralfate administration can, however, reduce acquisition of alimentary colonization with potential pathogens, perhaps by interfering with adherence to mucosal membranes.
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PMID:Efficacy of oral sucralfate suspension in prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. 305 5

Sucralfate, a new drug for the treatment of duodenal ulcer, was tested in a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Fifty-five patients with endoscopically documented duodenal ulcers completed the trial successfully. Patients were treated four times daily with 1 g of sucralfate or placebo identical in appearance and taste. They were seen weekly for reinforcement of instructions, assessment of compliance, and clinical evaluation. The patients were reevaluated endoscopically at the end of the second and fourth weeks of therapy. After 4 weeks, 22 of 24 (91.7%) sucralfate-treated patients and 18 of 31 (58.1%) placebo-treated patients showed complete healing of duodenal ulcers (chi 2 = 7.70; p less than 0.01). Relief from ulcer discomfort paralleled the results of healing. We conclude that sucralfate is an effective agent for the treatment of duodenal ulcer.
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PMID:Efficacy of sucralfate for duodenal ulcers: a multicenter, double-blind trial. 703 52

Radiotherapy-induced mucositis decreases the quality of life by impairing eating, swallowing, and talking and by disturbing sleep. Mucositis may also predispose to local and systemic infections and may cause interruption of radiotherapy course. We studied the efficacy of sucralfate suspension in the prevention and management of oral mucositis and pain during radiotherapy in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, prospective trial. Twenty-eight patients with head and neck cancer were included in the study. The patients were randomized to use either sucralfate mouth washing (n = 18) or placebo washing (n = 10) during irradiation. Oral mucositis and symptoms were assessed by the same physician using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring criteria. All patients developed varying degrees of radiation-induced mucositis. Grade 4 mucositis was not encountered in any patient. One patient had grade 1, seven patients grade 2, and two patients grade 3 mucositis in placebo group. In sucralfate group, nine patients each had grade 1 and grade 2 with no grade 3 mucositis. Patients in the sucralfate group experienced significantly lower degree of mucositis than placebo group (p < 0.05). Sucralfate mouth washing is beneficial in decreasing the intensity of radiation-induced mucositis and oral discomfort. It is cheap, easy to administer with no serious side effect, and may be routinely used in patients receiving head and neck radiotherapy.
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PMID:Sucralfate in the prevention of radiation-induced oral mucositis. 991 64