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Query: KEGG:D00046 (lactose)
 16,692 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adult parasites, Isoparorchis hypselobagri were maintained in vitro in four basic salt solutions, viz. Stephenson saline, AB saline, Tyrode's solution and Locke's solution. Survival was prolonged by adding sugars to Tyrode's solution. Of all the sugars, glucose was found most effective and parasites survived for 39 days in solution containing glucose, 6 days in galactose and sucrose, 10 days in fructose and lactose and 12 days in maltose. The parasites absorb carbohydrates through the cuticle. Ligated parasites survived for a longer period than unligated parasites. The pH 9 was considered as an optimum for maximum survival of the parasites Isoparorchis hypselobagri for 39 days.
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PMID:Studies on in vitro survival of Isoparorchis hypselobagri. 1 49

Differential melting curves are reported for four DNA restriction fragments (789, 301, 203, and 95 base pairs in length) spanning the lactose control region. All but the smallest melt with two or more subtransitions. Maps are proposed which identify the positions of regions of different thermal stability in the sequences. The sizes of regions comprising subtransitions range from 60 to 200 base pairs. An analysis is made of the cooperativity exhibited between regions in the sequence. The effect on the shape of the differential melting curves of Na+ between 10 mM and 0.5 M as well as that of Mg2+ and glycerol has been determined. An 81-bp-long sequence of unusual thermal stability occurs at the lactose promoter. Its TM change, resulting from the above change in salt concentration, is out of step by 1.5 degree C with the neighboring DNA sequence. The potential biological significance of this behavior is discussed.
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PMID:High resolution thermal denaturation analyses of small sequenced DNA restriction fragments containing Escherichia coli lactose genetic control loci. 38 95

1. During the first months of life adapted or partially adapted formula may very well be used to feed the newborn and the young infant if breastmilk is not available. By feeding adapted milk ad libitum, overweight is avoided. This is partially due to the carbohydrate, which exclusively consists of lactose. 2. Many infants are fed "Beikost", or solid food, much too early. The best possible age is during the fourth month of life. The first solid food to be introduced into the diet of an infant should consist of meat and added vegetable. 3. Too much intake of salt and or sucrose should be avoided. 4. Between the fourth to sixth month of life one bottle per day of adapted formula should be exchanged for a "follow-up" formula instead. As follow-up formulas we prefer those without or only with a small content of sucrose.
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PMID:[On baby formular (author's transl)]. 39 Mar 74

1. Under aerobic conditions bacterial soft rots are caused in the most cases by pectolytic Erwinia, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus spp. 2. Using 7 soft rotting strains several selective media were tested for their ability to sure a quick and exact isolation and differentiation of these pathogens. By bile salt-lactose-medium all Erwinia spp. under test could be isolated. For isolation of pectinolytic Pseudomonas strains the D4 medium of Kado and Heskett was suitable as the best one. 3. By the use of substrats containing pectic substances the results of isolation could be essentially improved: So, a sure differentiation of soft rotting bacteria and saprophytic organisms already upon the substrate and in addition, the isolation of pectinolytic Bacillus strains also became possible. The pectinolytic activity of the test strains on pectin-double layer-media was dependent upon the composition of the basal medium. 4. On the base of the results we obtained an isolation scheme is proposed, that allowed to indicate the pectolytic active bacilli (after heating to 80 degrees C for 10 min) on thioglycollate medium covered by a pectin layer, the Erwinia spp. on Stewart-Medium covered by pectin layer and the pectolytic pseudomonads on FPA-medium described by Sands, Hankin and Zucker (containing citrus pectin) to the equal time. 5. The trials also demonstrated, that the preparing of double layer-media instead of sodium polypectate mostly being recommended in literature lower estered pectic compounds can be used successfully.
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PMID:[Model trials for isolation of soft rot bacteria by media containing pectic substances (author's transl)]. 47 58

In the literature several contradictionary results have been published on the aflatoxin formation at temperatures below 10 degrees C. Therefore experiments with pastes made from milk and cheese powder artificially contaminated with Aspergillus parasiticus, were performed at temperatures of 1 degree C, 5 degrees C, and 10 degrees C for 28 days at a relative humidity of 90--95%. Even at 1 degree C, the aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, and M1 could be determined quantitatively. The lactose content did not have a significant influence on the aflatoxin values. Even storage of cheese (camembert and cottage cheese) in a 10% salt solution did not inhibit aflatoxin formation at 20 degrees C.
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PMID:[Influence of cooling temperatures on aflatoxin formation in milk products (author's transl)]. 56 43

This study focused on taste preferences in hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) as measured by 2-bottle, 48-hr. drinking tests. In a series of continuous tests, fluid intakes were recorded for 5 sugar solutions (fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose and lactose), 3 salt solutions (KCl, MgSO4 and NaCl), and 2 acid solutions. In as attempt to supplement incomplete and divergent comparative data on rodent's taste preferences, this study investigated sugar and salt preferences at five concentrations (.005, .05, .10, .50, and 1.0 M) and acid preferences at six concentrations (4.0, 2.3, 2.0, 1.8, 1.6, and 1.5 pH). Significant differences in concentration in intake of all salts, acids, and sugars were noted. Significant sex differences were observed for intakes of sucrose and NaCl at several concentrations. All sugars were preferred maximally at .10 M. The salts NaCl and KCl were preferred maximally at .005 M and MgSO4 was preferred maximally at .05 M. The role of the sugars used in the experiment was discussed in terms of incentive values and possible reinforcers for later experiments.
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PMID:Taste preferences in the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus). 91 91

Taste preferences, as measured in 48-hour, Richter-type drinking tests (test solution opposite distilled water), were determined for northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster, ssp. breviauritus). The Ss were nine males and nine females which were individually housed within an environmental chamber. The test solutions were prepared from five sugars (fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose) three salts (magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, sodium chloride), and two acids (citric acid and hydrochloric acid). In randomly assigned order, each sugar and each salt solution was presented at five molar concentrations, and each acid was paired with distilled water at six levels of pH. Strong drinking preferences were shown for all concentrations of the sugars above .05-.10 M, and sugars ranked in order of preference as follows: Maltose = sucrose greater than glucose = fructose greater than lactose. Preferences were also shown for hypotonic concentrations of NaCl. The other salts and both acids, however, were indifferently preferred at low concentrations and were rejected at the higher concentrations. Taste preferences by grasshopper mice for these chemicals were similar to those exhibited by Monogolian gerbils tested with the same items. The similar patterns of preference shown by New World cricetid rodents (grasshopper mice) and Old World cricetid rodents (gerbils) suggest that conclusions concerning disparity in taste sensibilities among animal forms may be premature.
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PMID:Preferences by northern grasshopper mice for solutions of sugars, acids, and salts in Richter-type drinking tests. 95 93

For evaluation of 14CO2-breath-tests the three most employed tests, namely glycero-14C-tripalmitate-test, 14C-lactose-tolerance-test, and 14C-glycin-cholate-test, were performed in healthy volunteers (n = 69), patients with chronic pancreatitis (n = 18), manifest malassimilation (n = 8), lactase deficiency (n = 15), and patients, in whom a disturbed enterohepatic bile salt circulation was suspected (n = 19). Usefulness of malabsorption tests was limited by many false normal results. Cholylglycin-breath-test on the other hand was sensitive, but clinical significance remained questionable. In our opinion simple performance and lacking discomfort are no sufficient arguments for 14CO2-breath-test.
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PMID:[14CO2 exhalation tests. Diagnostic improvement in gastroenterologic diseases]. 96 89

1. Mitochondria were isolated from developing endosperm of Ricinus communis and were fractionated into outer membrane and inner membrane. The relative purity of the two membrane fractions was determined by marker enzymes. The fractions were also examined by negative-stain electron microscopy. 2. Membrane fractions were sequentially extracted in the following way. (a) Suspension in 0.5M-potassium phosphate, pH7.1; (b)suspension in 0.1M-EDTA (disodium salt)/0.05M-potassium phosphate, pH7.1; (c) sonication in 0.05M-potassium phosphate, pH7.1;(d)sonication in aq. Triton X-100 (0.1%). The membranes were pelleted by centrifugation at 100 000g for 15 min, between each step. Agglutination activity in the extracts was investigated by using trypsin-treated rabbit erythrocytes. 3. The addition of lactose to inner mitochondrial membrane resulted in the solubilization of part of the lectin activity, indicating that the protein was attached to the membrane via its carbohydrate-binding site. Pretreatment of the membranes with lactose before tha usual extraction procedure showed that lactose could extract lectins that normally required more harsh treatment of the membrane for solubilization. 4. Lectins extracted from inner membranes were purified by affinity chromatography on agarose gel. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of purified samples in sodium dodecyl sulphate indicated that at least part of the lectin present in inner mitochondrial membrane was identical with the R. communis agglutinin of mol.wt. 120 000.
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PMID:Lectins as membrane components of mitochondria from Ricinus communis. 100 61

Vibrio parahaemolyticus was isolated from soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria) taken from 10 different clamming areas on Cape Cod, Mass., during July and August 1972. Direct plating on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar was found to be superior to either direct plating on Vanderzant modified salt starch agar or enrichment with Trypticase soy broth containing 7% salt for isolation from clam samples. Morphological and biochemical characteristics of 33 isolates from 30 samples generally conform to those described for this organism in the literature, except for the production of acid from sucrose, lactose, and sorbitol. Six of the isolates were hemolytic on human blood agar plates, whereas all showed a negative Kanagawa phenomenon. Twenty of the 33 isolates reacted with pooled antisera to the K antigen; 15 of these reacted with 9 different specific K antisera, leaving 5 untypable. Ten of these 15 reacted with 4 different O antisera.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Cape Cod soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria). 109 17


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