Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: KEGG:D00046 (lactose)
 16,692 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Subjects deficient in lactase may experience bloating, cramps and diarrhoea after ingesting milk, due to the unhydrolysed and poorly-absorbed lactose. The diarrhoea may result from an osmotic effect of the lactose itself or its poorly-absorbed acidic products of fermentation (Weijers, van de Kamer & others, 1961; Christopher & Bayless, 1971), possibly together with an alteration of sodium and water absorption due to the lowered colonic pH (Rousseau & Sladen, 1971). Laxation by lactulose (1-4-beta-galactosidofructose) may operate through an analogous mechanism. The drug is a synthetic dissaccharide which, in oral doses of 10-20 g, relieves chronic constipation (Wesselius-de Casparis, Braadbaart & others, 1968). It is neither hydrolysed by intestinal dissaccharidase (Dahlqvist & Gryboski, 1965) nor absorbed in the gut, but it is converted in the colon mainly to lactic and acetic acids by various bacteria including Lactobacillus acidophilus. Apart from the increased osmotic effect, the pH in the proximal colon falls markedly (Bown, Gibson & others, 1974), and larger doses may reduce stool pH. Weijers & others (1961) inferred that the acidic products formed from lactose in the colon stimulate propulsion, and K.S. Liem (Philips-Duphar) suggested to us that lactulose may relieve constipation partly by stimulation of propulsion due to the lowered pH. The experiments described below support this view.
 ...
PMID:Intestinal pH and propulsion: an explanation of diarrhoea in lactase deficiency and laxation by lactulose. 0 91

Breath hydrogen (H2), collected by end-expiratory sampling, was measured in twenty-five patients with abdominal symptoms or diarrhoea after ingesting 50 g. of lactose. This was compared with established tests of hypolactasia. Fifteen patients with a blood-glucose rise of more than 20 mg. per 100 ml. had less than 4 parts per million (p.p.m.) rise in breath H2 at 2 hours. In contrast, ten patients with blood-glucose rises of less than 20 mg. per 100 ml. had more than a 20 p.p.m. H2 rise (mean 85.8 p.p.m. plus or minus s.d. 44.3) at 2 hours. Similarly, two patients with normal jejunal lactase activity had no significant H2 production, whereas six patients with hypolactasia had more than a 20 p.p.m. rise in H2. Symptoms related to milk or lactose ingestion were found to be unreliable. End-expiratory sampling of breath H2 would seem to be a simple, non-invasive, and accurate method of diagnosing hypolactasia, which is also very acceptable to patients. This should make it a valuable tool both in diagnostic gastroenterology and in epidemiological surveys.
 ...
PMID:Breath hydrogen as a diagnostic method for hypolactasia. 4 74

Weight-gain in 35 slightly undernourished Australian Aboriginal infants was studied in hospital (49 admissions) during a blind controlled trial of a pre-hydrolysed low-lactose milk preparation and reconstituted full-cream milk powder. Infants fed the lactose hydrolysed milk gained 70% more weight than those receiving normal milk. Better weight-gains were achieved in those on the lactose hydrolysed milk irrespective of percentage standard weight for age, the presence of diarrhoea on admission to the trial, and stool sugar concentrations. The use of low-lactose milk should be considered in nutritional aid programmes for undernourished children throughout the world.
 ...
PMID:Weight-gain inhibition by lactose in Australian Aboriginal children. A controlled trial of normal and lactose hydrolysed milk. 6 6

After bypass operation for obesity the remaining lactose-hydrolyzing capacity of the functioning shunt is very low, especially if the shunt is constructed from a shorter jejunal and a longer ileal segment. In most cases a temporary decrease in the lactase activity of the jejunal part of the shunt occurs during the first postoperative months. In the present study lactose provoked or aggravated diarrhoea and other symptoms in 20 of 33 shunt-operated patients, and 10 patients reported milk intolerance postoperatively. Oral glucose tolerance tests indicated that the lactase activity was rate limiting for lactose absorption postoperatively.
 ...
PMID:Lactose malabsorption after bypass operation for obesity. 9 6

Low-lactose milk was produced by incubating cow's milk with yeast lactase. Sixteen lactose tolerant and 15 intolerant volunteers ingested 500 ml of the product twice daily for 1 month. During the testing period all subjects received on three occasions the same volume of unmodified milk in double-blind tests. Symptoms recorded throughout the study and for an additional 15 day base-line observation period were: diarrhea, abdominal pain and distention, flatulence, heartburn, and headache. Low-lactose milk acceptance was excellent. No significant differences were found between tolerants and intolerants during the base-line period and while ingesting low-lactose milk. By contrast, unmodified milk induced severe symptoms only in the intolerants. Availability of low-lactose milk and of its by-products allows consumption of greater volumes of this highly nutritious food by subjects with lactose intolerance with none or less symptoms compared to unmodified milk.
 ...
PMID:Long-term acceptance of low-lactose milk. 11 42

A total of 121 children from an orphange were studied. Their ages ranged from 2 to 10 years and represented different ethnic backgrounds. The prevalence of malnutrition was 45% and their gastrointestinal symptomatology in response to graded amounts of milk intake was evaluated. None of the children complained when milk intakes were of 200 cc; 10% complained of gastrointestinal discomfort and/or diarrhea when 300 cc of milk (equivalent to 12 g of lactose) were administered, and 54% presented lactose malabsorption unrelated to ethnic background, sex or malnutrition. It is concluded that the prevalence of milk intolerance is minimal when milk is given in the usual amounts.
 ...
PMID:[Milk intolerance in Colombian children, its prevalence and relation to lactose malabsorption]. 12 Jul 6

A total of 194 publications related to lactose malabsorption or intolerance were reviewed. The poor correlation between lactose malabsorption and intolerance to the amounts of milk ordinarily ingested in a meal, indicates that the assumption of milk tolerance by many populations is exaggerated. The methods for the diagnosis of these conditions were critically evaluated and it is suggested that, a) "physiological" doses of lactose be used; b) milk is the vehicle of choice; c) tests of intolerance be double-blind, and d) analysis of breath hydrogen be used for malabsorption. Most of the evidence indicates that milk consumption allows adequate growth of children, even when they are malnourished and have diarrhea. Nevertheless, it is recommended to substitute temporarily non-human milk by other good sources of dietary protein and energy during episodes of severe diarrhea, and to reintroduce milk to the diet gradually during convalescence. Breast feeding, however, should not be interrupted. These is not enough scientific nor epidemiological support to justify discouraging the use of milk in food supplementation programs, but several aspects that must be considered in such programs are outlined.
 ...
PMID:Lactose malabsorption and lactose intolerance: implications for general milk consumption. 12 88

Measurements of villus/crypt length ratio and mucosal beta-galactosidase activity were made on calves less than 3 weeks of age which had diarrhoea associated with reovirus-like agent and E. coli. In calves with diarrhoea, the villus/crypt length ratios at all sites examined along the small intestine were less than in normal calves of similar age. This was attributed to a reduction in length of vili in calves infected with the reovirus-like agent. The activity of mucosal beta-galactosidase in the intestine of calves with diarrhoea was less than in normal calves, at all sites examined. A relationship existed between beta-galactosidase activity in vitro and lactose hydrolysis in vivo. It was concluded that calves with diarrhoea associated with reovirus-like agent, have a reduced ability to utilize dietary lactose.
 ...
PMID:Changes in intestinal structure and function of neonatal calves infected with reovirus-like agent and Eschericia coli. 18 46

The practical approach to the investigation of diarrhea must be logical and based on anatomic considerations. The site of the underlying disorder may be determined by the clinical picture, and the logic of investigation will be influenced by the history. Important specific investigation in a case of colonic diarrhea include a careful rectal examination, stool inspection, sigmoidoscopy, rectal biopsy and barium enema study. Colonoscopy has been used, but its role has yet to be defined. In a case of small-bowel steatorrhea or diarrhea quantitative chemical estimation of the daily output of stool fat is useful, and to this investigation is added a small-bowel radiograph series and, if the radiographic findings are abnormal, small-bowel biopsy. Other investigations for small-bowel disease may include the breath test with carbon-14-labelled glycocholic acid, the lactose tolerance test, duodenal aspiration for giardiasis, analysis of serum immunoglobulins and, on occasion, isolation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide hormone (which may aid the diagnosis of functioning tumours of the pancreas or small bowel). Investigations for pancreatic steatorrhea include abdominal radiography, performance of the secretin test and testing of the response to pancreatic replacement therapy. In some patients it may be useful to use endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography to differentiate pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Symposium on diarrhea. 3. Investigation of chronic diarrhea. 19 Nov 73

The clinical significance of lactose malabsorption and the individual sensitivity to lactose were investigated in 20 patients with verified lactose malabsorption. Thirteen patients were relieved of all symptoms while seven improved only on a lactose-free dth lactose-free milk but following provocation with increasing amounts of lactose, the tendency to diarrhea and abdominal discomfort increased considerably. Three patients experienced discomfort after provocation with only 5 gl lactose. On provocation with increasing amounts of lactose the seven patients who had not recovered also developed increased abdominal discomfort but none of them developed increased tendency to diarrhea. It is concluded that, in addition to lactose malabsorption, these patients must suffer from ittitable colon with tendency to constipation.
 ...
PMID:Individual sensitivity to lactose in lactose malabsorption. 32 Aug 65


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>