Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: HUMANGGP:036206 (endoplasmic reticulum)
 63,868 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Kurloff cells (KB cells) containing a glycoprotein inclusion body appear in femal guinea pigs and can be induced in males by oestrogen administration. These cells are found in bone marrow, thymus, and in the red pulp of the spleen, but not in the lymph nodes. Gradually growing inclusion bodies were observed in a series of cells in these organs. Morphological and histochemical features suggested an active synthesis of the inclusion body material: cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum fused with the membrane surrounding the inclusion body and by way of electron histochemical methods periodate reactive material was demonstrated in the endoplasmic reticulum, in the Golgi cisternae, and in the inclusion body. Enzymatic activities were not observed in the inclusion body, but otherwise the KB cells showed enzymatic activities of oxidative and glycolytic pathways. Marker enzymes for the granulocytes series, the plasma cells, the mast cells, and the monocyte-reticulum cell group were negative in the KB cells and thus, classification of the KB cells into a particular cell type was not possible, although these cells obviously belong to the lymphoreticuar system. Phagocytosis was not observed, either. The possible role of the KB cells in the immune system are discussed.
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PMID:Kurloff cells. 2. Histochemical and morphological characteristics of the Kurloff cells. 5 68

Five biopsies from three patients with localized myxedema were studied by electron microscopy. The dermis showed an overwhelming accumulation of microfibrils with knobs (acid glycosaminoglycans) and an amorphous material containing glycoprotein. Furthermore, evidence of degradation without new formation of collagen fibrils was found. Considerable numbers of mast cells with various types of granules, fibroblasts with dilated granular endoplasmic reticulum, and macrophages were seen in the mucinous areas.
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PMID:Ultrastructure of localized myxedema. 5 3

The storage sites of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones were identified with the use of electron microscopic immunocytochemical techniques and antisera to the beta (beta) chains of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The TSH cells in normal rats is ovoid or angular and contains small granules 60-160 nm in diameter. In TSH cells hypertrophied 45 days after thyroidectomy, staining is in globular patches in granules or diffusely distributed in the expanded profiles of dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. The gonadotrophs (FSH and LH cells) exhibited three different morphologies. Type I cells are ovoid with a population of large granules and a population of small granules. Staining for FSHbeta or LHbeta was intense and specific only in the large granules (diameter of 400 nm or greater). Type II cells are angular or stellate and contain numerous secretory granules averaging 200-220 nm in diameter. They predominate during stages in the estrous cycle when FSH or LH secretion is high. Type III cells look like adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) cells in that they are stellate with peripherally arranged granules. They generally stain only with anti-FSHbeta and their staining can not be abolished by the addition of 100 ng ACTH. In preliminary quantitative studies of cycling females, we found that on serial sections FSH cells and LH cells show similar shifts to a more angular population of cells during stages of active secretion. However, the shifts are not in phase with one another. Furthermore, there are at least 1.5 times more FSH cells than LH cells at all stages of the cycle. Our collection of serial cells shows that some cells (usually type I or II) stain for both gonadotropic hormones, whereas others (usually type II or III) contain only one.
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PMID:Immunocytochemistry of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones. 6 Apr 35

Recent evidence supports the concept that vitamin A plays some role in glycoprotein synthesis in a large-variety of tissues examined. Its involvement may be through participation of a retinol-linked sugar, mannosyl retinyl phosphate (MRP). Upon injection of [3H]retinol and [14C]mannose into rats, [14C, 3H]MRP could be isolated from liver and intestinal mucosa, and identified by chromatographic and hydrolytic experiments. The enzyme system that forms MRP from GDP-mannose and retinyl phosphate was located primarily in rough endoplasmic reticulum of fractionated liver cells, with some activity also in smooth membranes and Golgi apparatus. Vitamin A deficiency resulted in depressed synthesis of the rat serum glycoprotein alpha 1-macroglubin (alpha 1-MG), as shown by a decline in labeling. Analysis of the labeled alpha 1-MG from serum of normal and vitamin A-deficient rats showed this to be the result of a defect in glycosylation. The specific activity ratio (deficient:normal) of the alpha 1-MG of serum declined progressively with development of the deficiency, as a result of underglycosylation. Complete carbohydrate analysis of the alpha 1-MG of normal and deficient serum revealed a sugar loss in this glycoprotein as a result of vitamin A deficiency.
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PMID:Recent evidence for the participation of vitamin A in glycoprotein synthesis. 9 Jun 25

After the hypothesis of Porter and Yamada about the photoreceptive role of myeloid bodies of the vertebrate pigment epithelium, we have pointed out the fine ultrastructure of these organelles: they consist of piles of flattened saccules, with a lipidic content, and linked together by an inter-saccular cement. They are not like Golgi bodies: they do not content glycoprotein. They must be discarded from phagosomes, which are membrane-bounded and content acid phosphatase activity. An oxido-reductive activity cannot been demonstrated at their level, similar to that observed on the rod outer segments. Freeze-etching does not show peculair organization on their fracture faces. They represent a special organization of the endoplasmic reticulum which seems to have a function in the metabolism of visual pigments in certain species of animals, the retina of which is avascular.
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PMID:[Myeloid bodies of the retinal pigment epithelium in vertebrates]. 13 58

A plasma membrane fraction of HeLa S3 cells, consisting of ghosts, is characterized more fully. A simple procedure is described which permits light and electron microscope study of the plasma membrane fraction through the entire depth of the final product pellet and through large areas parallel to the surface. Contamination by nuclei is 0.14%, too little for DNA detection by the diphenylamine reaction. Contamination by rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes is small, a single ghost containing about 3% of the RNA in a single cell. Mitochondria were not encountered. Electron microscopy also shows (a) small vesicles associated with the outer surface of the ghosts, and (b) a filamentous web at the inner face of the ghost membrane. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel analysis shows that of the many Coomassie Blue-stained bands two were prominent. One, 43,000 daltons, co-migrated with purified rabbit muscle actin and constituted about 7.5% of the plasma membrane protein. The other major band, 34,000 daltons, was concentrated in the plasma membrane fraction. Two major glycoproteins detected by autoradiography of [14C]fucose-labeled glycoproteins on the gels, had apparent molecular weights of 35,000 daltons and 32,000 daltons. These major bands did not stain with Coomassie Blue. There were many other minor glycoprotein bands in the 200,000- to 80,000-dalton range. Ouabain-sensitive, Na+, K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of the ghost fraction is purified 9.1 (+/- 2.2) times over the homogenate; recover of the activity is 12.0 (+/- 3.8%) of the homogenate. Enrichment and recovery of fucosylglycoprotein parallel those for ouabain-sensitive Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Fucosyl glycoprotein is recovered more than the enzyme activity in a smooth membrane vesicle fraction probably containing the bulk of plasma membrane not recovered as ghosts.
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PMID:Further characterization of HeLa S3 plasma membrane ghosts. 14 66

The glycoproteins of microsomes and cytosol were studied. Various washing procedures did not release the proteins from the microsomes, and immunological tests demonstrated that the sialoproteins are not serum components. Low concentrations of deoxycholate and incubation in 0.25 M sucrose solution liberated a small amount of microsomal sialoprotein and this fraction exhibited a high degree of labeling of protein-bound N-acetylneuraminic acid. A part of the glycoprotein fraction could not be solubilized, even with a high concentration of the detergent. Thoroughly perfused rat liver contained sialoproteins in the particle-free supernate. The level of sialoprotein present could not be due to contamination with serum or broken organelles. The high in vivo incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into protein-bound sialic acid of Golgi membranes and cytosol was paralleled by a delayed and lesser rate of incorporation into the rough and smooth microsomal membranes. This incorporation pattern suggests the possibility that the glycoproteins of cytosol and Golgi may later be incorporated into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.
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PMID:Biogenesis of microsomal membrane glycoproteins in rat liver. I. Presence of glycoproteins in microsomes and cytosol. 17 15

Fourteen liver biopsies from twelve young patients with liver diseases associated with homozygous, PiZZ phenotype, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in their sera were examined by electron microscopy. In all these biopsies characteristic homogeneous material was found in some hepatocytes and corresponded, when observed on adjacent semithin sections by light microscopy, to the deposit stained by periodic acid Schiff reaction. The accumulation in perinuclear spaces resulted in intranuclear invaginations, but the major deposit was located in lumens of the endoplasmic reticulum. The limiting membranes were rough and smooth but the extent of the latter was so large that only this type of reticulum seemed peculiarly involved in the accumulating process. On the contrary, Golgi complexes did not seen obligatorily involved by this process because, when observed, they appeared almost normal even in heavily overloaded liver cells. At least for the PiZZ phenotype, the abnormal substance would be an asialo form of normal alpha-1-antitrypsin. Thus the subject of this study is the morphologic translation of an impairment in the synthesis of a glycoprotein. In the light of data concerning the synthesis of such proteins our findings lead us to suggest: The ultrastructural patterns observed in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency cannot give the expected morphologic evidence of the biochemical data which locate the first binding steps of monosaccharide residues in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The absence of sialic acid could not result from an enzymatic defect primarily located in Golgi complexes but could be secondary to an impairment in the binding of one monosaccharide residue which improves subsequent fixation of sialic acid, in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Finally it seems necessary to emphasize that the relationship between the abnormal substance and various important non specific lesions is largely unknown and that we don't know the significance of polymorphous dense bodies observed in ductular cells during the cholestatic period.
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PMID:[Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in children: liver ultrastructure and speculations (author's transl)]. 17 57

The association of vesicular stomatitis virus proteins with intracellular and plasma membranes was examined by pulse and pulse-chase labeling of virus-infected HeLa cells with [35S]methionine and separation of cell homogenates into three major membrane fractions in discontinuous sucrose gradients. The glycoprotein G was primarily associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum-like membranes after short radioactive pulses (2 to 4 min) but accumulated in the plasma membrane-enriched fraction and the smooth internal membrane fraction with longer pulse or chase periods. The nucleocapsid protein N and the matrix protein M accumulated in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane-like fractions but not in the smooth internal membrane fraction. Only a fraction (35 to 40%) of the viral protein synthesized during a short pulse in the mid-cycle of infection was apparently utilized in released virus. The newly synthesized virus proteins first appeared in released virus in the order: M, N and L, and G.
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PMID:Association of vesicular stomatitis virus proteins with HeLa cell membranes and released virus. 18 39

An adrenocortical adenoma associated with adrenogenital syndrome in a two-year-old boy was investigated light and electron microscopically. Urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion was considerably elevated and unresponsive to dexamethasone administration. The level returned to normal after surgical removal of the tumour. Adenomatous cells display striking cellular and nuclear pleomorphism. Megalocytes with huge nuclei and nucleoli frequently occur. Deep cytoplasmic indentations cause nuclear pseudoinclusions and bizarre shape of the nuclei. True nuclear inclusions are also seen, as well as nuclear fragmentation. Cytoplasmic organelles show striking morphological alterations. Mitochondria with lamellar and tubular cristae are transformed into round or ovoid organelles of vesicular type. Their internal compartment is reduced, matrix material increases relatively, and mitochondrial inclusion bodies develop. Mitochondrial inclusions are identified as corresponding to fuchsinophil (siderophil or argyrophil) granules seen in the light microscope. Their staining properties indicate their glycoprotein nature. Vesicular profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum predominate and stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum are transformed into tubules and vesicles. In Golgi regions, only vesicular elements are enriched. Lipid droplets are scarce. It was not possible to demonstrate histochemically catalase activity in microbodies. Dense bodies only occur in small, undifferentiated tumour cells. Multivesicular bodies, autophagosomes and residual bodies are rare. Lipofuscin is absent. Tumour cells are thought to derive from a population of undifferentiated cells ("germinative tumour cells"). Their morphological features and organelle equipment during a hypothetical course of differentiation and following dedifferentiation is described and discussed with respect to exceeding androgen synthesis.
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PMID:Fine structure of a virilizing adrenocortical adenoma. 19 90


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