Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: HUMANGGP:025734 (ANOVA)
 22,580 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventy patients aged from one month to 18 years with seizure disorders were classified into three groups: I. Patients who had hard control seizure attacks even under medication; II. those who had occasional seizure attacks (less than 6 times per year) and III. those who had no seizure attacks after receiving medication for at least one year. Blood samples were taken for somatostatin, substance P, prolactin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) assays. Lumbar puncture was made in 32 children and CSF samples were also assayed for neuropeptides. Somatostatin levels in serum were significantly elevated in group I and group II (P = 0.05, ANOVA) but not in group III and control group. Similar observations were made in substance P, prolactin and VIP studies. In CSF, the somatostation can better indicate the difference between epileptic and normal children (comparison with group I, P greater than 0.001; with group II, P less than 0.001; even with those who were seizure free after medication, P less than 0.05). In conclusion, the levels of several neuropeptides (somatostatin, substance P. prolactin, VIP) were elevated in children with seizure disorders both in serum and CSF. The present investigation provides a new category for the understanding of the pathogenesis, treatment as well as prognosis of seizure disorders.
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PMID:Somatostatin, substance P, prolactin and vasoactive intestinal peptide levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of children with seizure disorders. 171 68

To explore causal links between vital sign responses and immunoreactive beta-endorphin ("i-BE") rises in blood and CSF during ovine endotoxin stress, we analyzed concurrent i-BE levels in these two compartments by a "vector-ARMA" (= autoregressive moving average) method. This technique--widely used for modeling in other applications--has not to our knowledge been employed to study dynamic relationships of neuropeptides. Log-transformed i-BE levels were first "filtered" by repeated observations ANOVA to confirm significance of rises in both compartments. Next, vector-ARMA methodology was applied to derive an optimal causal model of vital sign changes and i-BE entry into plasma vs. CSF pools. The model indicated that reflux of i-BE from blood into CSF contributed to increases in CSF levels of this hormone. This novel application to neuroendocrinology of this approach illustrates its utility in evaluating changes in one or more neuropeptide levels in multiple compartments to indicate potentially causal relationships.
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PMID:Causal links between plasma and CSF endorphin levels in stress: vector-ARMA analysis. 293 75

To assess maturation of central serotonin and catecholamine pathways at birth, we measured lumbar CSF homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), stable acid metabolites of dopamine and serotonin, using HPLC with electrochemical detection. CSFs from 57 neonates (38 premature and 19 at term) and 13 infants 1-6 months old were studied. HVA levels increased with maturity (p less than 0.05; ANOVA), whereas 5-HIAA levels were similar in all these subjects. HVA/5-HIAA ratios increased markedly from 1 +/- 0.12 in the most premature neonates to 1.98 +/- 0.17 in the older infants (p less than 0.01; t test). There were no sex differences for these values.
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PMID:Concentrations of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid from human infants in the perinatal period. 620 40

Currently, there is no biochemical marker clinically available to test for the presence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies suggest that the core component of AD-associated neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), the microtubule-associated protein tau, might be present in CSF. This study focuses on establishing both the presence of tau in CSF and its potential utility in the diagnosis of AD. We obtained CSF from 181 individuals; 71 of these were diagnosed as having probable AD by NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. The remaining 110 individuals were divided into three groups: (1) age-matched demented non-AD patients (n = 25), (2) neurologic controls (n = 59), and (3) other controls (n = 26). We developed a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent tau assay using monoclonal antibodies prepared against recombinant human tau. We confirmed specificity of the antibodies by a combination of immunoprecipitation and immunoblot results. By this assay we measured that the AD population has a mean level of tau 50% greater than the non-AD dementia patients. Comparing AD patients with all other groups, the difference in tau levels as analyzed by one-way ANOVA is highly statistically significant (p < 0.001). Postmortem analysis of two AD patients with high levels of CSF tau revealed a high density of NFTs in the hippocampus. There was no significant correlation between tau and age in the non-AD groups. This study suggests that CSF tau is elevated in AD and might be a useful aid in antemortem diagnosis.
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PMID:Elevation of microtubule-associated protein tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. 772 71

This study examined the effects of direct osmotic stimulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on grooming behavior of adult male rats. Animals chronically fitted with a microdialysis probe in the right PVN responded to dialysis with hypertonic (containing 1 M NaCl) artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) with grooming behavior (to approx. 500%, P < 0.01, ANOVA) and a significantly reduced time resting (to approx. 20%, P < 0.01, ANOVA), compared with controls which received either the same treatment in the right supraoptic nucleus or in which the PVN was dialyzed with isotonic (0.15 M NaCl) a CSF. These results indicate that direct osmotic stimulation of the PVN via microdialysis is able to trigger and to maintain excessive grooming activity in rats; the novel experimental approach used here provides the potential to investigate the involvement of endogenous, intracerebrally released substances in the grooming response.
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PMID:Direct osmotic stimulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus by microdialysis induces excessive grooming in the rat. 799 5

Considerable, but as yet still controversial evidence indicates the presence, in mammalian tissues of endogenous digitalis-like factors (EDLFs) which inhibit cell membrane Na+, K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+, K(+)-ATPase) and which may cross-react with anti-digitalis antibodies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of antibodies against cardiac glycosides on Na+, K(+)-ATPase in human erythrocytes. For this purpose, we measured the effect of antibodies against two different cardiac glycosides (anti-ouabain rabbit antiserum and anti-digoxin Fab fragments) on the activity of the Na+, K(+)-ATPase, as measured by erythrocyte rubidium-86 (86Rb) uptake, in subjects who had never come into contact with exogenous cardiac glycosides, and compared these results with the effect of two control rabbit sera: a normal serum and an antiserum to a non-related antigen. Anti-ouabain rabbit antiserum and anti-digoxin Fab fragments induced a significantly greater percentage change in 86Rb uptake in the erythrocytes than the two control sera (ANOVA followed by multiple comparison by the Games-Howell test). The average percentage change was +11.8 +/- 16.3% (n = 19) (mean +/- SD) for anti-ouabain antiserum +10.8 +/- 15.6% (n = 23) for anti-digoxin Fab fragments, -1.68 +/- 11.2% (n = 11) for anti-rhGM-CSF antiserum, and -5.8 +/- 11.7 (n = 10) for normal control serum. In a subgroup of ten subjects in whom the 3 antisera were tested simultaneously, the stimulation of erythrocyte 86Rb uptake induced by the two antidigitalis antibodies correlated significantly (r = 0.906, p = 0.001, n = 10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The stimulatory effect on human erythrocyte rubidium-86 uptake by anti-cardiac-glycoside antibodies. 857 8

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) influences the activity of rat hypothalamic neurons, modifies the membrane excitability of the rat forebrain neurons, and induces changes in membrane potentials in cultured rat glioma cells. In order to explore whether these effects are reflected in the electrical activity of larger subcortical brain areas, we investigated the electroenceophalographic activity (EEG) recorded from 20 male albino (New Zealand White) rabbits. Recordings of EEG were made on restrained, conscious animals 1 week after the implantation of an indwelling intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannula (lateral right ventricle) and two stainless steel electrodes, implanted in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei. Animals were classified into two main groups: those with water available ad libitum (group A) and those which were dehydrated for 24 h before EEG recordings (group B). Each group was divided into two subgroups (1 and 2) of five animals each. EEG was recorded at 0 min (control) and 30, 60, and 90 min following the i.c.v. injection of either 25 microliters artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF; subgroup 1) or 1 microgram alpha-human ANP in 25 microliters a CSF (subgroup 2). Each EEG record duration was 6 s. For each EEG record the power spectrum of the digitized waveform was estimated in the frequencies 0.5-48 Hz using the fast Fourier transform, and the energy of each waveform was subsequently calculated. The results were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA and by the t-test. The analysis revealed that (1) water deprivation does not affect mean EEG energy and value (2) ANP attenuates (P < 0.05; in comparison with zero time) the mean energy value of EEG recorded from SON at 30 min and 60 min in the frequencies 8-48 Hz, whilst it tends to decrease (P < 0.1) the mean energy of EEG recorded from PVN at 30 min in the frequencies 8-15 Hz. Mean EEG energy changes caused by ANP would reflect its various (mainly inhibitory) effects on the electrical activity recorded from PVN and SON neurons in in vitro and in vivo studies.
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PMID:Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of atrial natriuretic peptide on subcortical EEG activity in conscious rabbits. 880 Nov 22

We quantified microtubule-associated protein tau in CSF (CSF tau) using ELISA assay in 168 subjects: 81 patients with clinically diagnosed early Alzheimer's disease (AD), 43 patients with other dementia, 11 Down's syndrome patients, and 33 nondemented neurologic control subjects. Multivariate ANOVA showed an effect of diagnostic group (p < 0.01) and apolipoprotein E (apoE) allele (p < 0.005) on CSF tau. Comparison between diagnostic groups showed higher CSF tau levels in AD than in the control group (p < 0.001). However, CSF tau values in the non-AD dementia group did not differ significantly from those of AD patients or neurologic control subjects. Tau levels were increased (p < 0.005) in AD patients with apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele, a well-characterized risk factor of AD, compared with AD patients without epsilon4 allele, and the highest values were found in AD patients with two epsilon4 alleles. These increased levels of CSF tau may indicate pronounced neuronal degeneration and neurofibrillar pathology at the early stage of AD in patients carrying the epsilon4 allele. This study shows that the current ELISA test for CSF tau is not sensitive and specific enough to distinguish early AD from other dementias and indicates that in the interpretation of CSF tau analysis as a diagnostic tool, the apoE genotype should also be taken into account.
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PMID:CSF tau is related to apolipoprotein E genotype in early Alzheimer's disease. 944 75

To better define the influence of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon 4 genotype on the cognitive and biochemical features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), cross-sectional analysis of global cognitive measures and cerebrospinal fluid studies gathered on AD subjects at a tertiary care facility between 1986 and 1997 was carried out. The 112 AD patients examined included 62 women and 50 men with a mean (SD) age of 64.2 (9.2) years. Patient demographics; illness onset age and duration, education level and global cognitive measures were recorded systematically. Genetic analysis for ApoE allele type and biochemical characterization of CSF, including total tau concentration, was performed. Descriptive statistics of demographics, cognitive and CSF measures were performed by chi-square, ANOVA and Tukey's tests. Overrepresentation of the epsilon 4 allele was found, with 45.5% of AD patients heterozygous and 20.5% homozygous for ApoE epsilon 4. Overall, ApoE epsilon 4 status had no effect on mean onset age of AD (F = 1.56; p = 0.214), but an earlier mean onset age of AD (F = 4.10; p = 0.02) was seen in the late-onset subjects. No differences were found with regard to ApoE epsilon 4 status and measures of disease, duration of illness or global cognitive performance. Although CSF tau was elevated in our sample (575.4 +/- 290.3 pg/ml), ApoE epsilon 4 status did not influence total CSF tau or neurotransmitter metabolite levels. ApoE epsilon 4 genotype had no impact on a variety of illness severity, cognitive and CSF examinations in the largest cross-sectional analysis of AD subjects yet reported.
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PMID:Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele in association with global cognitive performance and CSF markers in Alzheimer's disease. 985 Aug 73

Long-term, low-dose Pb exposure in rats is associated with a significant decrease in transthyretin (TTR) concentrations in the CSF. Since CSF TTR, a primary carrier of thyroxine in brain, is produced and secreted by the choroid plexus, in vitro studies were conducted to test whether Pb exposure interferes with TTR production and/or secretion by the choroid plexus, leading to an impaired thyroxine transport at the blood-CSF barrier. Newly synthesized TTR molecules in the cultured choroidal epithelial cells were pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine. [35S]TTR in the cell lysates and culture media was immunoprecipitated and separated by SDS-PAGE, and quantitated by autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting. Pb treatment did not significantly alter the protein concentrations in the culture, but inhibited the synthesis of total [35S]TTR (cells + media), particularly during the later chase phase. Two-way ANOVA of the chase phase revealed that Pb exposure (30 microM) significantly suppressed the rate of secretion of [35S]TTR compared to the controls (p < 0.05). Accordingly, Pb treatment caused a retention of [35S]TTR by the cells. In a two-chamber transport system with a monolayer of epithelial barrier, Pb exposure (30 microM) reduced the initial release rate constant (kr) of [125I]T4 from the cell monolayer to the culture media and impeded the transepithelial transport of [125I]T4 from the basal to apical side of epithelial cells by 27%. Taken together, these in vitro data suggest that sequestration of Pb in the choroid plexus hinders the production and secretion of TTR by this tissue. Consequently, this may alter the transport of thyroxine across this blood-CSF barrier.
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PMID:Inhibition by lead of production and secretion of transthyretin in the choroid plexus: its relation to thyroxine transport at blood-CSF barrier. 1003 15


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