Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: HUMANGGP:021525 (albumin)
 60,984 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of drinking habits on the frequency distributions of eight biochemical or haematological test results was studied in 7915 patients attending a multiphasic health testing centre. Increasing incidences of abnormal results with increasing alcohol intake, at levels of alcohol intake habitual for a large proportion of the population, were found for plasma gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, triglycerides and uric acid, and for erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume. Of four frequently used liver function tests, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and albumin, only aspartate aminotransferase was strongly affected by drinking habits. These findings have relevance for the detection of individuals whose drinking habits are harmful to them, and for the interpretation of 'profile' results.
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PMID:Some laboratory correlates of drinking habits. 3 26

In previous studies of rats with portacaval shunts, elevated gamma-globulin levels 2 weeks after shunt were attributed to antibodies to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, which were normally filtered by the liver. This study was designed to determine the tempo of this rise and the magnitude of hepatocellular damage within the first 4 days of the operation. Acute reversible hepatocellular damage was shown by elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase which returned to normal within 48 hours. This was confirmed on histology. There was no rise in gamma-globulin during this study but levels of albumin were better maintained in shunted rats than in sham-operated rats. Levels of alpha2 and beta-globulin in the former fell in comparison with the latter animals.
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PMID:Acute biochemical and histological effects of portacaval shunt in the normal rat. 5 Jun 26

The clinical situation determines the choice of hepatic function tests. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) tests serve to detect disease, and when used in combination with a gammaglutamyl transferase (GGTP) test, to exclude it. The combination of ALP, GOT, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin, globulin, and GGTP tests is useful for routine differential diagnosis. Prothrombin time indicates severity of disease. Interpretation is facilitated by attention to ALP or GOT predominance; the relationship of LDH, ALP, and bilirubin; and the ratio of GGTP to ALP. Abnormalities on routine tests frequently do no more than point out the need for more definitive procedures.
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PMID:Hepatic function testing. 8 85

Humans are exposed to a number of toxic elements in the environment; however, most experiments with laboratory animals investigate only one toxic element. To determine if concomitant exposure to lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and/or arsenic (As) modified the changes produced by any one metal in various parameters of toxicity, 168 male, Sprague-Dawley, young adult rats were fed nutritionally adequate diets to which had been added 0 or 200 ppm Pb as Pb acetate, or 50 ppm Cd as Cd chloride, or 50 ppm As as sodium arsenate or arsanilic acid in a factorial design for a period of 10 weeks. At these concentrations, Cd and As reduced weight gain even when differences in food intake were taken into account; administration of both Cd and As depressed weight gain more than did either metal alone. Pb did not adversely affect food consumption or weight gain. Increased numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) were observed following administration of Pb, Cd, or As; usually more cells were observed when two or three metals were administered, compared to individual metals. Despite increasing numbers of circulating RBCs, hemoglobin and hematocrit were reduced, especially with the Pb-Cd combination and the Cd-arsanilic acid combination. Specific effects of Pb on heme synthesis were observed, including increased urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid; this increase was reduced by the presence of dietary cadmium. Analyses of blood showed values for the laboratory rat within normal ranges for blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, calcium, albumin, total protein, and bilirubin. Uric acid was increased by Pb, with little modification by dietary Cd or As content. Serum glutamate-oxalate transaminase activity was reduced by As. Serum alkaline phosphatase was greatly reduced by either As or Cd but not Pb. Combinations of As and Cd did not further reduce the activity of this enzyme. Kidney weight and kidney weight/body weight ratios were increased by Pb alone, with no effects of Cd or As alone or as interactions. Liver weight/body weight ratios were reduced in animals fed 50 ppm dietary Cd. Kidney histology shows predominantly Pb effects, namely, intranuclear inclusion bodies and cloudy swelling. Ultrastructural evaluation of kidneys from Pb-treated animals disclosed nuclear inclusion bodies of the usual morphology and mitochondrial swelling. Concurrent administration of Cd greatly minimized Pb effects on the kidney under conditions of this experiment. Liver histology suggests an increased rate of cell turnover with either As compound, but few specific changes.
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PMID:Effects of concurrent administration of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in the rat. 19 3

Serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT), alanine aminotransferase (AlT), aspartate aminotransferase (AsT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were assayed in 67 alcoholics and 40 drug dependent patients. Bilirubin, total protein, albumin, and globulin were also measured. GGTP elevation was observed in 48% of alcoholics and in 50% of drug dependents. The incidences of elevated levels of other enzymes were: ICD 39 and 38-7%; OCT 23-7 and 36-1%; AlT 30 and 33%; AsT 24-2 and 21-7%; ALP 10-4 and 5% respectively. Measurement of GGTP is thus more useful as a screening test for involvement of the liver in alcoholics and drug dependent patients than that of the other enzymes.
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PMID:Serum enzyme levels in alcoholism and drug dependency. 23 23

A safety evaluation of Aspergillus fumigatus I21, grown in a cassava carbohydrate and salts medium, was undertaken. Male weanling rats were fed the fungus at 20, 30 and 40% of the diet for 90 days. A control group was given soybean oil meal as the sole source of protein. Weekly determinations of the body weights and feed consumptions were made. A few days prior to termination of the feeding study, a kidney function test was undertaken on the rats. At the end of the feeding period hematology, blood biochemistry, urine analyses and histopathology studies of various tissues were carried out, and organs were weighed. Rats fed A. fumigatus I21 gained less weight than the controls, but kidney weights were increased. Increases in serum alkaline phosphatase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase were not related to dose level. The blood urea nitrogen was increased for the rats fed 40% of the fungus. Rats fed 30 and 40% of the fungus I21 showed a significant drop in albumin. Deficiency in methionine or other essential amino acids through a limited feed consumption may have caused a decrease in albumin synthesis. Rats fed the highest level of the fungus showed increases in neutrophils and monocytes concomitant with decreases in lymphocytes and eosinophils which may be a response to stress. The urine analyses did not reveal any significant differences. The test rats were capable of concentrating urine adequately when deprived of water for 24 hours. No significant differences between the control and experimental groups were found by histopathological examinations.
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PMID:Safety evaluation of Aspergillus fumigatus grown on cassava for use as an animal feed. 33 62

Normal values for 13 chemical constituents of plasma were estimated from results for 837 presumably healthy children. Ninety microliters of specimen was analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, total calcium, total cholesterol, total proteins, albumin, uric acid, urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and glucose. We used two Abbott ABA-100 Bichromatic Analyzers interfaced directly to the ABA Data Management System. For each test age- and sex-related variations were assessed and normal values were estimated for six different age groups.
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PMID:Microchemical analysis for 13 constituents of plasma from healthy children. 43 35

In order to verify the influence of sampling time on blood constituents, populations of supposedly healthy subjects were grouped according to age, sex, deviation from their ideal weight, state of fasting or nonfasting, and time of sampling. Each fasting subject in one group underwent two samplings during the course of a morning: the first at 08.00 and the second between 09.00 and 12.00. In the second group, the first was taken at 13.00, and the second between 14.00 and 16.00. Subjects in the second group had eaten a standard meal of 700 calories at 12.00. Differences between the paired samples from a given individual are discussed with respect to the time of sampling for plasma urea, creatinine, proteins, albumin, calcium, sodium, potassium, cholesterol, uric acid, chloride ions, phosphate, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, alkaline phosphatase, hemoglobin and erythrocyte and leukocyte counts. Variations due to the time of sampling were large for phosphorus, bilirubin, and leukocyte count.
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PMID:The effect of sex, deviation from ideal weight and sampling time on blood constituents in presumably healthy subjects. 43 75

Three groups of isolated rat livers were perfused at 35 C with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing commercial bovine serum albumin (BSA) which had been purified by gel filtration on a column of Sephacryl S-200 and used within 12 hr of purification, or BSA which had been purified by gel filtration and stored at -70 C until used. The ability of livers to produce bile, retain potassium, and to maintain a constant level of glucose in the perfusate was greatly improved in the presence of purified albumin which had not been frozen. Such livers also showed the highest rates of urea synthesis, but the rate of release of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) from cells and the bile salt content of the bile produced were similar to those found with unpurified BSA. Livers perfused with purified albumin which had been stored in the frozen state were slightly inferior to those perfused with nonfrozen albumin in their ability to produce bile and urea, to retain potassium and GOT within cells, and to maintain a constant concentration of glucose in perfusates. The concentration of bile salts in the bile produced by this group was also lower than that found with the other two groups. Overall, isolated rat livers benefited from perfusion with purified albumin, although freeze storage of this material rendered it slightly inferior to the nonfrozen material in its ability to support the liver.
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PMID:Improved performance of the isolated rat liver when perfused with purified bovine serum albumin. 46 29

A study of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged twin men provided an opportunity to test for genetic variability in the SMA 12/60 (Technicon) battery of clinical chemistry tests. Classical twin methodology was used to analyze the variation of monozygotic and dizygotic twins. In addition, frequency of co-twin contact was used to control for effects of differences in shared environment. Genetic variability played a definite role in controlling four of the 11 reported tests: one-hour serum glucose, serum urea nitrogen, uric acid, and bilirubin. No genetic variation was found for lactate dehydrogenase, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase. Significantly higher means for calcium, total protein, albumin, and aspartate aminotransferase in monozygotic twins precluded any statement about heredity and environment for these tests.
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PMID:Genetic variability of clinical chemical values. 55 78


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