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Query: HUMANGGP:021525 (albumin)
 60,984 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A screening study for coronary disease, chronical bronchitis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, peripheral circulatory disturbance and overweight is described. 2429 persons aged over 40 years and working in two factories were studied. Typical laboratory tests, a short standardised examination by a physician and a questionnaire were used. In a 10 per cent sample the questionnaire was repeated by an interview and the serum was sent to the laboratory not only by mail, but also by a special car transport in a cooled transport box. The results of the laboratory tests are presend according to age, sex and factory. The family doctor had to be informed in nearly 70 per cent of the men and about 60 per cent of the women because of at least one suspicious symptom or sign. There was a pathological value of glucose in the urine in 14.7 per cent, a rise of glucose in the blood (above 113 mg per cent) in 5.7 per cent, of triglicerides (above 181 mg per cent) in 12.6 per cent, of cholesterol (above 264 mg per cent) in 15.4 per cent, of uric acid (male above 7.7 mg per cent, female above 7.1 mg per cent) in 6.8 per cent, of creatinine (above 1.3 mg per cent) in 6.4 per cent and the presence of albumin in urine in 2.2 per cent of the cases.
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PMID:[Preventive screening in two factories. I. Methods and results (author's transl)]. 100 75

A retrospective review of the complications in 211 patients undergoing pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction is presented. The flap was used for mucosal lining of the oral cavity or oropharynx in 109 patients, for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction in 44, for skin coverage in 47, and for other locations in 14 patients. Flap-related complications developed in 63% of the patients. These included flap necrosis, suture line dehiscence, fistula formation, infection, and hematoma. Analysis of risk factors for the development of flap complications showed the following factors to be significant: age over 70; female gender; nomographic overweight; albumin less than 4 g/dL; use of the flap in reconstruction of the oral cavity after major glossectomy; and presence of other systemic diseases. The median length of hospitalization for those developing complications was 33 days compared with 16 days for those who did not develop any complications. Thirty-five (26%) of the 135 patients developing complications required reoperation and only 2 among these required a second flap. Similarly, only 13 of the 61 patients who developed fistulas required surgical closure.
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PMID:Complications of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction. 222 Dec 34

Most diabetic patients are elderly but their clinical characteristics remain poorly defined. A population survey identified 259 known diabetic patients aged 60 years or more giving a prevalence of 3% in this age group. A total of 193 patients (75%) were interviewed and examined, 155 (80%) of whom had been diagnosed at under 70 years of age. Forty-two patients (22%) were insulin-treated but clinical characteristics suggested that at least 95% of all elderly patients had Type 2 diabetes. Blood glucose control was poor with median HbA1 9.7% (range 4.9-17.1%, normal reference range 5.0-7.5%), and 55% were either overweight or obese. There was a high morbidity from diabetes and other conditions: the prevalence of hypertension (untreated blood pressure of 160/95 mmHg or more or antihypertensive medication) was 52%, of stroke 5%, of nephropathy (urinary albumin concentration greater than or equal to 300 mg l-1) 3%, of lower limb amputations 4%, and of foot ulcers 7%. The prevalence of symmetrically impaired distal vibration perception was 23%, and 54% of patients either needed or were receiving chiropody. The prevalence of a corrected distant visual acuity of 6/12 or worse was 32% and of retinopathy of any degree was 26%. There was extensive co-morbidity which was not confined to a single subgroup of patients.
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PMID:Diabetes in the elderly: the Oxford Community Diabetes Study. 252 2

To evaluate whether changed plasma calcium binding might lead to a secondary increase of parathyroid hormone in morbid obesity, fasting measurements of serum ionized, ultrafiltrable and total calcium, calcium binding substances, and parathyroid hormone were undertaken in age- and sex-matched groups of obese (n = 44) and normal weight subjects (n = 52). The 24-hour urinary calcium excretion and clearance of creatine were also measured. Calcium binding to proteins was changed. Serum total proteins and protein-bound calcium did not differ, but serum albumin was decreased in obesity. Consequently, obese subjects did not reveal the normal dependency of protein-bound calcium upon albumin. Calcium binding to other substances was also changed. Serum phosphate and bicarbonate were decreased, while the concentrations of citrate, lactate, acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids, and urate were all increased, leaving the total concentration of plasma complex-bound calcium unchanged. Nevertheless, these reciprocal changes increase the concentrations of less readily reabsorbable anions in the renal ultrafiltrate. The changed pattern of calcium binding in serum of the obese subjects may serve to explain our findings of increased urinary calcium excretion, lowering of serum ionized calcium and increased parathyroid hormone levels, changes being significantly correlated with degree of overweight.
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PMID:Increased parathyroid hormone as a consequence of changed complex binding of plasma calcium in morbid obesity. 308 Jun 52

To assess the nutritional status of patients on admission to a general surgical ward in a major teaching hospital in Sydney, we examined 84 men and women. We measured, recorded, and/or calculated: history of weight loss, body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, hemoglobin, total lymphocyte count, and plasma albumin level. Measurements were graded normal, borderline, or abnormal and patients were considered malnourished if they had two or more abnormal measurements, three or more borderline measurements, or one abnormal and two borderline measurements. Thirty-one patients (37%) were found to have one or more measurements below the reference range. Twelve patients (14%) were considered malnourished and of this group more than half were of normal weight or overweight. But if indices of overnutrition are included in a definition of malnutrition then a high BMI was the most common abnormal index of nutritional status. Forty-six patients (55%) had a BMI of greater than 25, that is, were overweight. This single study showed a higher percentage of overnutrition amongst hospital patients than previous work has indicated and secondly that malnourished patients are not necessarily underweight.
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PMID:Nutritional status on admission to a general surgical ward in a Sydney hospital. 311 11

We assessed the nutritional status of 302 menstruating women living in three urban, semi-rural and rural areas of eastern Algeria. The anthropometric data and the biochemical measurements (serum levels of total proteins, albumin, transferrin and prealbumin) have shown the absence of protein malnutrition and the evidence of problems of overweight, whatever the criterion used (body mass index or relative weight). There were no differences according to the residence. Anemia (defined by WHO references) was observed in 28% of urban women, 19% of semi-rural women and in 32% of rural women. Iron deficiency (defined by the association of serum ferritin level of 12 micrograms/l or less and transferrin saturation less than 15%) was observed in 29, 27 and 22% of the cases, respectively. Folate deficiency (defined by concentration of red blood cell folates of less than 100 micrograms/l) was observed in 48, 45 and 22% of cases, respectively. Finally, 81% of anemia were associated with biochemical evidence of iron and/or folate deficiency.
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PMID:[Assessment of the nutritional status of Algerian women in the reproductive age living in an urban, rural and semi-rural area]. 349 8

This study attempted to determine the relationship of nutritional status, menopausal status, presence of breast cancer, stage of disease, and tumor estrogen receptor levels to percent non-protein-bound estradiol (%NPBE) and percent distribution of estradiol on sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin in breast cancer patients and control patients. Normal-weight controls had significantly lower %NPBE compared with overweight controls and normal-weight and overweight breast cancer patients. There was a significant shift in the percent distribution of estradiol from SHBG to albumin in breast cancer patients, independent of body weight. Elevated %NPBE and abnormal percent estradiol distribution on albumin persisted after mastectomy and were unrelated to menopausal status, presence and stage of disease, and tumor estrogen receptor levels. These results show that breast cancer patients have increased exposure to unbound circulating estradiol and an increased percentage of estradiol bound to albumin, which may influence the availability of estradiol, considering its low binding affinity to albumin. Because these abnormalities persist after mastectomy, the current results may be important in developing dietary intervention protocols that correct %NPBE and abnormal estradiol distribution on binding proteins.
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PMID:Obesity, non-protein-bound estradiol levels, and distribution of estradiol in the sera of breast cancer patients. 394 90

The existence of a direct relationship between body mass and arterial pressure is well recognized; however, the effect of obesity on known target organs of hypertension is not clearly understood. We undertook the present studies to assess the influence of obesity on renal function and urinary albumin excretion in 40 normotensive subjects and 80 nevertreated hypertensive patients matched for age, sex, arterial pressure level, and known duration of hypertension in whom an oral glucose tolerance test was within normal limits. Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow (expressed as absolute values or values normalized for height) were increased in overweight compared with lean subjects whether normotensive or hypertensive. Glomerular filtration rate was positively correlated with protein intake (as assessed from urinary excretion of urea) and fasting serum insulin level. Urinary excretion of albumin but not IgG and beta 2 microglobulin was higher in hypertensive patients compared with normotensive subjects. The overweight condition clearly enhanced the influence of arterial pressure on albuminuria; in fact, a steeper regression line between albumin excretion rate and arterial pressure was found in overweight compared with lean subjects. These results indicate that the overweight condition is associated with renal hyperfiltration and hyperperfusion, irrespective of the presence of hypertension, and that obesity magnifies the effect of hypertension on albuminuria, thus raising the possibility of an increased susceptibility of obese hypertensive patients to the development of renal damage.
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PMID:Combined renal effects of overweight and hypertension. 755 20

The effect of long-term voluntary fasting on hematologic variables, biochemical profiles, and liver histologic findings was assessed in 15 obese cats (> 40% overweight). Clinical signs and laboratory results consistent with hepatic lipidosis were observed in 12 of 15 cats after 5 to 7 weeks of fasting, and were associated with 30 to 35% reduction of initial body weight. Histologic examination of successive liver biopsy specimens revealed that obesity was not associated with liver parenchymal lipid accumulation, but that fasting resulted in lipidosis in all 15 cats. The long-term fast was associated with an early (after 2 to 4 weeks of fasting) and significant (P < 0.05) reduction in serum urea, glucose, and albumin concentrations, and RBC mass. Fasting for 5 to 7 weeks was associated with a significant (P < 0.05) increase in hepatic-associated enzyme activities and in total and direct serum bilirubin concentrations. Significant (P < 0.05) changes in serum alkaline phosphatase developed as early as 3 weeks before the onset of hyperbilirubinemia. Except for development of hepatic lipidosis, cats appeared to tolerate the fast without other adverse effect. This study confirmed that long-term fasting may induce clinical hepatic lipidosis in obese cats. Fasting appears to induce a syndrome of hepatic lipidosis that is indistinguishable from feline idiopathic hepatic lipidosis and may be an appropriate model to study the pathophysiologic features and treatment of hepatic lipidosis.
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PMID:Experimental induction of hepatic lipidosis in cats. 780 98

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the adequacy of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) using urea and creatinine kinetics as well as nutritional indices in 5 male patients treated with CAPD (111 +/- 9 ml of dialysis solution per kg b.w. per day) during 6.9 +/- 1.3 months. For kinetic evaluation of CAPD the following parameters were used: weekly Kt/V, normalized protein catabolic rate (NPCR, g/kg b.w./day), total creatinine clearance (Cl cr, l/wk/1.73 m2) and efficacy number (1/g cr/day). Dietary protein intake (DPI, g/kg b.w./day), daily energy intake (DEI, kcal/kg b.w.), lean body mass (LBM, % b.w. and plasma albumin (PA, g/dl) were indices of nutrition. Results (mean +/- SD) of kinetic parameters indicate adequate (A), marginal (M) or inadequate (NA) evaluation of CAPD: Kt/V of 1.5 +/- 0.3 (M/NA), NPCR of 0.76 +/- 0.13 (M/NA), Cl cr of 64 +/- 25 (A/M) and EN of 5.9 +/- 0.9 (A/M). Urea and creatinine kinetics were accompanied by DPI of 1.07 +/- 0.35, DEI of 34 +/- 12 and PA of 3.73 +/- 0.38. These parameters, although obtained in overweight patients (LBM of 77 +/- 11% b.w.), indicate marginal nutritional status. Our results show that urea kinetics (Kt/V and NPCR) are more rigorous parameters in evaluation of CAPD adequacy than creatinine kinetics (Cr Cl and EN).
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PMID:[Comparison of indices of kinetic modelling of urea and creatinine as well as evaluation of nutritional status of patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. 797 61


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