Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: HUMANGGP:021525 (albumin)
 60,984 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) is an anthelmintic drug which has been used recently, with varying results, in the treatment of bronchial asthma. We have examined the pharmacological activity of this drug in several in vivo and in vitro models of experimental anaphylaxis. DEC at doses of 25 and 50 mg per kg given intraperitoneally significantly reduced the mortality rate in sensitized guinea pigs during protracted shock phase but did not modify the time for the appearance of dyspnoea when antigen (egg albumin) was administered as aerosol. Nor did DEC at therapeutic doses inhibit the degranulation and histamine release from rat isolated peritoneal mast cells induced by phospholipase A, compound 48/80, and antigen respectively. It has been suggested that one possible explanation for the apparent effectiveness of DEC in asthma is its ability to antagonize prostaglandin F2 alpha. Our results using in vivo and in vitro models of bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs do not support this hypothesis to explain the inhibition of protacted shock by DEC.
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PMID:Actions of diethylcarbamazine in experimental anaphylaxis. 8 97

Four patients exposed to isocyanate vapour developed dyspnoea associated with restriction and reduced gas transfer as well as moderate airways obstruction on lung function testing. In one patient bilateral radiographic shadowing was present and an open lung biopsy was performed. The microscopic appearances ranged from acute inflammation to end-stage fibrosis but the centribular accentuation of disease and the presence of areas resembling bronchopulmonary aspergillosis suggested that the process was a hypersensitivity response to inhaled allergen. Challenge tests with albumin and toluene diisocyanate-albumin were carried out in sensitized and control rabbits. The sensitized animals developed extensive lung damage of the type associated with an Arthus reaction. It is suggested that patients exposed to isocyanates may occasionally develop a hypersensitivity pneumonitis rather than the more usual asthmatic syndrome.
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PMID:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis after exposure to isocyanates. 18 61

A young man with severe multiple injuries following a motorcycle accident was admitted with head and mandible fractures, coma, fracture dislocation at C5-C6 resulting in total leg paralysis, partial paralysis of the right arm and intercostal muscles, and closed chest injury with possible pulmonary contusion. On the fourth day he developed fulminating mediastinitis and massive empyema, and was found to have a ruptured esophagus. Recovery became possible with surgical drainage of the pleural cavity and mediastinum, proximal and distal decompression of the esophagus, antimicrobial therapy, irrigation of the pleural cavity, complete intravenous hyperalimentation, and infusions of salt-poor albumin. The patient was discharged after 95 days, and 7 months after injury is neurologically intact except for a partial right wrist drop. This rare esophageal rupture should be suspected in any chest injury patients, especially those characterized by extreme cyanosis, dyspnea, shock, and prostration incompatible with thoracic cage injury.
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PMID:Rupture of the thoracic esophagus from blunt trauma. 59 47

Fifty infusions, each containing 125 ml 20% human albumin extracted from placental tissue, were tested in clinical practice. No effects such as changes in the patient's BP, pulse rate and rectal temperature were noted during the observation period, and no side-effects such as pain, dyspnoea, nasal symptoms, exanthema or thrombophlebitis, nor any other symptoms to suggest that the solution was not well tolerated.
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PMID:A human albumin of placental origin (albumin Rhodia) tested for tolerance. 92 Feb 63

Reduced left lower lobe ventilation (V) in patients with enlarged hearts has been commonly observed on routine isotope ventilation-perfusion lung scanning, and there is evidence to show that this reduction is dependent on posture. Clinically, it may have a role in posture-dependent dyspnea and postoperative left lower lobe changes in cardiomegaly. Previous studies have shown improvement in left lower lobe V in the prone compared with the supine position. In 11 patients showing this phenomenon in krypton 81m V scanning, a mean relative reduction in V of 53 percent occurred at the left base. No significant change in perfusion or in the signal from preinjected technetium 99m macroaggregated albumin was observed between the two positions. No significant change in ventilatory turnover (measured with intravenous xenon 133) was seen either, suggesting that no air trapping takes place. By combining the data from the intravenous 133Xe (which gives the ratio, V/lung volume) and continuously inhaled 81mKr (which reflects regional V), an index of relative volume between the two sides was derived and shown to be significantly reduced at the left base on moving from the prone to supine positions (a mean reduction of 40 percent; p less than 0.02 by Wilcoxon signed rank test). Thus, the mechanism of postural left lower lobe hypoventilation in cardiomegaly is predominantly a regional loss of alveolar volume.
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PMID:Impaired left lower lobe ventilation in patients with cardiomegaly. An isotope study of mechanisms. 153 33

We investigated the effects of ammonium sulfate aerosols on asthmatic dyspnea (immediate type) induced by repeated inhalation of a mixture of bovine serum and egg albumin and on the nonspecific responsiveness of the airway tract to acetylcholine. Guinea pigs were exposed to sulfate aerosol in concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, and 2.0 mg/m3 and to 0.2 mg/m3 sulfate aerosol combined with 0.1 ppm of SO2. The exposure time was 2 h/d, 5 d/wk, 38 times in all. The animals were successively exposed to aerosol (for 2 h) and, after 30 min, to the spraying of albumin solution 3 times per week, 7 or 9 times in all. Breathing curves were continuously recorded by a body plethysmograph system during the sensitization periods. The experiments showed that the degree of asthmatic dyspnea in guinea pigs was increased by the exposure to aerosol, and that there is a quantitative relation between the severity of the dyspnea and extent of the exposure. Exposure in the combination with SO2 showed no effect at the concentration studied. Following the exposure experiment, each group of animals was exposed to the spraying of acetylcholine. The sensitivity to acetylcholine increased at aerosol concentrations of 0.4 and 2.0 mg/m3.
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PMID:Effects of exposure to sulfate aerosols and antigen on breathing curve patterns of guinea pigs. 205 92

Eight Nubian goats were given Abrus precatorius seed at 2, 1 and 0.5 g/kg/day by stomach tube. Six goats receiving the plant seed at 2 and 1 g/kg died between days 2 and 5. One goat receiving Abrus seed at 0.5 g/kg/day died on day 32 and the other animal in the group was killed on day 33. The main signs of Abrus poisoning were inappetence, bloody diarrhea, dyspnea, dehydration, loss of condition and recumbency. The lesions were fatty change and necrosis of hepatocytes and renal convoluted tubules, pulmonary hemorrhage, edema and emphysema, and erosions of the abomasal and intestinal epithelium. These changes were accompanied by increases in GOT and gamma GT activities and urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium and by decreases in total protein and albumin in the serum of Abrus-poisoned goats. The blood cell changes indicated hemoconcentration.
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PMID:Toxicity of Abrus precatorius in Nubian goats. 226 60

The purpose of our study was to examine the nutritional status of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (mean predicted FEV1, 30 +/- 11%) and to explore its relationship to functional capacity. Functional capacity was evaluated by measuring peak oxygen consumption (VO2max) using an incremental cycle ergometry test, a 6-min walk test, self-perceived level of dyspnea, and quality of life. The percentage ideal body weight (%IBW) was less than 90% in 33 of 135 subjects. Triceps skinfold thickness was less than 60% of normal in 19 of 33 of these subjects. Total lymphocyte count was not different between groups, whereas hemoglobin (14.9 versus 15.9 g/dl) and albumin (4.0 versus 4.1 g/dl) were marginally reduced in underweight subjects. Dyspnea and overall quality of life were unaffected by nutritional status. Maximal inspiratory (Pimax) and expiratory mouth pressures (PEmax) were weakly associated with %IBW (R2 = 0.04; p = 01 and R2 = 0.15; p less than 0.01, respectively). The %IBW was a predictor of VO2max (percent predicted) after controlling for FEV1 in regression analysis (partial R2 = 0.08; p less than 0.001). Despite the association of weight status with VO2max, the 6-min walk was not influenced by %IBW. The perceived intensity of exercise as judged by the Borg score was far greater with the bicycle exercise that with the 6-min walk (mean score, 10.6 +/- 1.2 versus 4.6 +/- 1.9). This was supported by the difference in heart rate after these two tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of nutritional status on exercise performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 260 86

Pulmonary perfusion imaging with Tc-99m MAA revealed significant uptake in the lungs, brain, spleen, and both kidneys of a 48-year-old woman with liver cirrhosis and pulmonary telangiectasia associated with marked hypoxemia and cyanosis. Dynamic pulmonary perfusion imaging revealed a gradual reduction after peak uptake in both lungs. Several weeks after albumin replacement, the hypoxia and dyspnea disappeared with no change in hepatocellular function. At that time, dynamic pulmonary perfusion imaging revealed a plateau-like time-activity curve of uptake in the lungs, as compared with the findings obtained during the state of severe hypoxemia. These observations suggest that pulmonary telangiectasia in a patient with liver cirrhosis may be due to functional vasodilatation. Serial dynamic pulmonary perfusion imaging indicates the passage of the MAA particles through the widened lumen of the pulmonary alveolar capillaries.
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PMID:Reversibility of pulmonary telangiectasia in liver cirrhosis evidenced by serial dynamic pulmonary perfusion imaging. 260 48

In 8 cases of A-V fistula the clinical manifestations were found to be exertional cyanosis, dyspnea and digital clubbing. Those patients might also have chest pain, tachycardia, telangiectases, polycythemia and severe hypoxemia. Murmur might be found over the surface area of the lesion. Chest X-ray examination revealed solitary circumscribed lesion in five of them and multiple lesions in two. X-ray findings were similar to bronchiectasis in one. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of this lesion were discussed. Lung scan with technetium macroaggregated albumin was used to detect the A-V fistulae. Six cases were operated on and successful resections of the lesions were carried out in 4. One died right after the operation. In one case the larger fistula was resected, but some smaller fistulae remained and finally therapeutic embolization was carried out. No complication was encountered.
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PMID:[Congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. A report of 8 cases]. 280 59


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